• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

In addition to identifying genetic differences between target populations, it is also important to determine the impact of genetic differences with regard to the respective target populations. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of cases where this approach is needed, and thus various statistical methods must be considered. In this study, genetic data from populations of Southeast and Southwest Asia were collected, and several statistical approaches were evaluated on the Y-chromosome short tandem repeat data. In order to develop a more accurate and practical classification model, we applied gradient boosting and ensemble techniques. To infer between the Southeast and Southwest Asian populations, the overall performance of the classification models was better than that of the decision trees and regression models used in the past. In conclusion, this study suggests that additional statistical approaches, such as data mining techniques, could provide more useful interpretations for forensic analyses. These trials are expected to be the basis for further studies extending from target regions to the entire continent of Asia as well as the use of additional genes such as mitochondrial genes.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2021

Recently, the e-business market has become a place of convergence where consumers and suppliers communicate with each other, and a new method of trading of funds has emerged in the process. Crowd-funding is one of the types of money transactions that have emerged in the online space, and its interest and trading volume have been growing rapidly recently. The platform in the online space using crowd-funding method operates in the form of online telecommunication sales, and it is in the form of producing and delivering products based on funds obtained from potential consumers by the operators involved in securing funds. However, if the participating business operators do not deliver the product or deliver the product other than the promoted product and avoid responsibility, the potential demander will not be compensated without mediation by the platform operating entity. In this study, despite the rapid growth in the market size of crowd-funding, consumers who participated in the funding are protected and able to resolve disputes in the event of a conflict amid growing complaints from potential consumers and side effects. The structure or method of crowd-funding is a new form of trading that has different features from conventional e-commerce. Therefore, the legal basis is not yet in place and the standards need to be laid out through various and sufficient discussions politically, legally, socially and culturally and economically. As the potential market and positive effects of crowd-funding around the world have been recognized, a role is required as an ecosystem for new financial transactions. And the potential market could be realized as a new industry if the right legal system and policy consultation were made.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-243
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• 2019

우리나라 "공공기록물관리에 관한 법률" 제11조에 따르면 특별시 광역시 특별자치시 도 또는 특별자치도는 소관 기록물의 영구보존 및 관리를 위하여 영구기록물관리기관을 설치 운영해야 함을 규정하고 있다. 이에 따라 최근 국내 영구기록물관리기관의 설립 및 운영이 확산되고 있지만 아직 도입단계라서 법적으로 이들 기관들의 사명과 역할 등이 구체적으로 규정되어 있지는 않은 상황이다. 따라서 이를 뒷받침할만한 법제도적 근거 마련이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 다양한 영구기록물관리기관을 운영하고 있는 중국, 러시아, 독일을 대상으로 이들 나라의 영구기록물관리를 위한 법제도를 기본 운영 정책 측면, 기록의 수집 및 이관 측면, 기록의 관리 측면, 기록의 서비스 측면에서 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 우리나라 영구기록물관리를 위한 법제도에 주는 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2019

Low-rise residential community is the most popular type (51%) of residential neighborhoods in Seoul. Currently, there is a shortage of public facilities needed for living conditions and the quality of life in low-rise residential areas. This study defines 'public facility' as infrastructure to improve the living environment and used by residents jointly in low-rise residential areas. In this regard, this study analyzes current legal and institutional standards, latest trends in public facility of apartments, and residents' demand and satisfaction level in order to find out the criteria for installation of priority public facilities. As a result, the essential facility basically conforms to the number of household which is the standard of the facility supply in apartment. However, considering the limitations on the accessibility due to low density, it should consider two standards at the same time: the number of household and distance (radius of neighborhood). In conclusion, it is necessary to install legally prescribed facilities according to the number of household and distance: 500 households facilities in 250m radius neighborhood and 1,000 households facilities in 400m radius neighborhood. Also, considering the reality of low-rise residential area, it is necessary to integrate some facilities that can be functionally linked to improve level of utility and efficiency of operation and management. It is expected that the output of this study can be applied to institutionalize of the legal basis for the public facility of low-rise residential community.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2021

「가정폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법」은 아직 법제도 및 시행과정에 여러 문제점들이 존재한다. 법제정의 본래 의도와 다르게 실제 운영에 있어서는 국가의 개입 및 가정폭력 행위자 처벌에 있어서 매우 소극적으로 운영되고 있으며, 가정보호사건으로 처리되는 경우에도 보호처분의 세부내용을 살펴보면 특정 유형의 보호처분에 편중된 보호처분 결정이 내려지고 있는 등 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 가정폭력 관련 국가기관간 협력 및 적극적 개입의 필요성이 요구된다. 또한 가정폭력을 신고한 피해자에 대해서 범죄신고자로서 지위를 인정하여 신변보호 요청에 대한 법률적 근거를 마련할 필요가 있다. 그리고 보호처분의 실효성 확보를 위해 보호처분의 불이행이나 위반행위에 대한 제재를 강화할 필요가 있다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2023

Background: With the enactment of the Hospice, Palliative, Care, and Life-sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act in February 2018, legal guidelines for physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST) were presented. This study was conducted to analyze the association of writing POLST on the use of health care before death. Methods: The study analyzed the electronic medical records and POLSTs of 1,003 adult patients who died at a tertiary hospital located in Seoul from February 4, 2018 to February 4, 2019. Results: Of the deaths, 80% (n=804) completed POLST. Among patients who completed POLST before death, 51% (n=412) were written 1-7 days before death, and only 31% (n=246) were completed by patients themselves. 99% (n=799) decided to withdraw or withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As a result of analyzing the effect of POLST on medical use before death, it was found that POLST and inpatient cost had a significant negative correlation, and POLST completion significantly reduced death in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, both inpatient costs and death at ICU increased when the POLST was completed by surrogate decision-makers rather than patients themselves. Conclusion: The enactment of the Hospice, Palliative, Care, and Life-sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act provided a legal basis for withdrawing and withholding meaningless life-sustaining treatment. By specifying the treatment to be received at the end of one's life through the POLST, inpatient treatment costs and death at the ICU were decreased. However, the frequent decision-making by the surrogates and completion of POLST close to death may hinder the original purpose of the law.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2012

As the Reublic of Korea revised the Commercial Code including 40 articles of air transport enacted newly on May 23, 2011, so Korea became first legislative examples in the Commercial Code of the developed and developing countries. I would like to explain briefly the main contents of my paper such as (1) history of enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law, (2) legal background enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law and the problems on the conditions of air transport, (3) every countries' legislative examples on the civil liability of aircraft's operator, (4) unlawful Interference Convention and general risk convention of 2009, (5) main contents and prospects of the revised Commercial Code for the liability of aircraft's operator etc as the followings. Meanwhile as the Aviation Act, Commercial Code and Civil Code in Korea and Japan did not regulated at all the legal basis of solution on the disputes between victims and offender for the amount of compensation for damage due to personal or property damage caused by aircraft accidents in Korea and Japan, so it has been raised many legal problems such as protection of victims, standard of decision in trial in the event of aircraft accident's lawsuit case. But the Korean Revised Commercial Code including Part VI, air transport regulations was passed by the majority resolution of the Korean National Assembly on April 29, 2011 and then the South Korean government proclaimed it on May 23 same year. The Revised Commercial Code enforced into tothe territory of the South Korea from November 24, 2011 after six month of the proclaimed date by the Korean Government. Thus, though Korean Commercial Code regulated concretely and respectively the legal relations on the liability of compensation for damage in the contract of transport by land in it's Part II (commercial activities) and in the contract of transport by sea in its Part V (marine commerce), but the Amended Commercial Act regulated newly 40 articles in it's Part VI (air transport) relating to the air carrier's contract liability on the compensation for damage caused by aircraft accidents in the air passengers and goods transport and aircraft operator's tort liability on compensation for damage caused by the sudden falling or collision of aircraft to third parties on the surface and so it was equipped with reasonable and unified system among the transport by land, marine and air. The ICAO adopted two new air law conventions setting out international compensation and liability rules for damage caused by aircraft to third parties at a diplomatic conference hosted by it from April 20 to May 2, 2009. The fight against the effects of terrorism and the improvement of the status of victims in the event of damage to third parties that may result either from acts of unlawful interference involving aircraft or caused by ordinary operation of aircraft, forms the cornerstone of the two conventions. One legal instrument adopted by the Conference is "the Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference Involving Aircraft" (Unlawful Interference Convention). The other instrument, "the Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties" (General Risk Convention), modernizes the current legal framework provided for under the 1952 Rome Convention and related Protocol of 1978. It is desirable for us to ratify quickly the abovementioned two conventions such as Unlawful Interference Convention and General Risk Convention in order to settle reasonably and justly as well as the protection of the South Korean peoples.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제61호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2019

행정안전부장관의 '정부청사 보안관리'라는 권한행사는 조직법(정부조직법)만으로는 불충분하며, 이를 규율하기 위해서는 구체적인 내용과 한계를 설정하는 작용법(개별법)을 제정할 필요가 있다. 정부청사의 방호·보안 관련규정을 포함하고 있는 현행 「정부청사관리규정」(대통령령)은 법률상의 근거가 없는 법규명령으로 현 헌법체계와 부합되지 아니하며 그 법규성에 의문이 제기된다. 동 규정은 청사의 수급 및 관리, 청사의 취득 및 처분, 청사의 시설관리 등에 한정하여 규율하는 경우에는 공물관리법의 성격을 가진다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 동 규정은 '청사의 출입제한 및 통제' 등 시설보안 및 질서유지와 같은 행정청의 고권적 행위를 포함하고 있어 공물경찰법의 성격도 아울러 가지고 있다. 이에 대한 입법개선 방안으로 청사의 수급·배정 등을 규율하고 있는 「정부청사관리규정」은 그대로 유지하되, 청사의 출입관리 등 행정주체의 고권적 행위를 규정하고 있는 방호·보안관리와 관련된 조문은 법률로 상향 조정할 필요가 있다. 또한 정부청사 방호직무 수행자인 방호관(일반직공무원)의 법률상 권한 부재로 현장 방호직무 수행 간 대응력 확보에 한계가 있어 근거법 명시를 통한 방호인력의 직무권한 확보가 요청된다. 정부청사 방호·보안 관련 법률의 주요내용은 출입자의 행위제한, 방호인력의 직무권한 및 의무, 무기의 사용, 방호인력에 대한 교육·훈련, 벌칙 등과 같이 국민의 권리제한과 의무부담과 관계되는 법률유보사항은 개별법에 반드시 포함될 필요가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.805-813
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• 2018

본 연구는 사용자군이 사회적 약자임과 동시에 광범위한 규모로 취급되고 있는 장애인보조기기의 바람직한 품질관리체계 모델을 제시하고자 진행되었다. 보조기기는 의료기기법과의 충돌 문제로 인해 독립적인 제품군으로 분류할 수 없고 법적 기반이 미비하여 독자적인 품질관리 체계를 가지지 못한다. 품목 별로 필요할 때마다 기존의 여타 품질관리 체계에 선별적으로 편입시켜 문제를 해결해왔다. 외국의 사례에서도 독자적인 품질관리 제도는 발견할 수 없었다. 이러한 문제를 합리적으로 극복하기 위해 보조기기를 기존의 품질관리 체계를 반영하는 방법으로 분류할 것을 제안하였다. 해당 분류마다 적절한 품질관리 방법들을 공식화하여 이해가 용이하고 예측가능한 행정이 되도록 고려하였다. 치밀한 품질관리를 위한 행정 과정도 제안하여 보조기기임에도 안전품질관리 체제에 누락되는 일이 없도록 하였다. 이 개선안 제안은 보조기기의 정체성 확립을 통해 보조기기 품질관리의 사각지대를 해결하여 장애인 등의 사용자에게 제품의 안전과 기본적인 기능을 제공하고 더 나아가 해당 산업을 활성화 시키는 단초가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.265-302
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• 2008

This paper intends to analyse some legal issues on "Zeroing" which is based on the article 2.4.2 under the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement. "Zeroing" stands for a specific methodology in calculating a general dumping margin for a product in question under which negative individual dumping margins are treated as zero (thus "zeroed") before aggregating all individual dumping margins. The article 2.4.2 of the Anti-dumping Agreement regulates three types of calculating methodology on dumping margin as first symmetrical method(average-to-average: A-A), second symmetrical method(individual-to-individual: I-I) and asymmetrical method(average-to-individual: A-I). However, this article does not have any provisions about the "Zeroing" practice. In their anti-dumping practices, the EC and the United-States calculated dumping margin based on the "Zeroing", but this methodology has been disputed in the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) of the WTO. This paper analysed their legal problems with some WTO cases in particular concerning EC-Bed Linen, U.S.-Softwood Lumber Zeroing, U.S.-Zeroing(EC) and U.S.-Sunset Review(Japan) cases. On the basis of theses analysis, we can therefore ask some questions as follows; To begin with, although the article 2.4.2 of the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement does not clearly refer to the "Zeroing", how do some developing countries, as the U.S.A and the E.U. calculate dumping margin as the "Zeroing"? Secondly, what is the relationship between the symmetrical method and asymmetrical method to the dumping margin? And if we adopt the zeroing method, what is the different rate to anti-dumping margin? Thirdly, although the Panel decided that the zeroing methodology of dumping margin used by th U.S.A in administrative review between the U.S.A and the E.U, why does the Appellate Body made the decision that the american methodology is incompatible with the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement? Lastly, what will be affected the upper decision taken by the Appellate Body to the DDA negotiation of anti-dumping matters? Even though the WTO Appellate made a decision that the zeroing method is incompatible with the principles of the WTO law, this methodology contains a lot of problems. Some members of the WTO as the U.S.A and the E.U did not officially declare this methodology to abandon, and the debate concerned is arguing. Therefore this paper tried to present the adequate solution in order to promote the zeroing methodology in the international anti-dumping system and practices.