• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2013

Occipital neuralgia is a rare pain syndrome characterized by periodic lancinating pain involving the occipital nerve complex. We present a unique case of entrapment of the greater occipital nerve (GON) within the semispinalis capitis, which was thought to be the cause of occipital neuralgia. A 66-year-old woman with refractory left occipital neuralgia revealed an abnormally low-loop of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery on the magnetic resonance imaging, suggesting possible vascular compression of the upper cervical roots. During exploration, however, the GON was found to be entrapped at the perforation site of the semispinalis capitis. There was no other compression of the GON or of C1 and C2 dorsal roots in their intracranial course. Postoperatively, the patient experienced almost complete relief of typical neuralgic pain. Although occipital neuralgia has been reported to occur by stretching of the GON by inferior oblique muscle or C1-C2 arthrosis, peripheral compression in the transmuscular course of the GON in the semispinalis capitis as a cause of refractory occipital neuralgia has not been reported and this should be considered when assessing surgical options for refractory occipital neuralgia.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.411-413
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• 2007

We report on a diabetic 52-year-old man who complained ocular floating sensation, headache and dizziness, in whom a left parieto-occipital dural ateriovenous fistulas [DAVFs], fed by bilateral superficial temporal arteries and occipital artery, drained into the cortical vein of the left parieto-occipital convexity. Because the patient's chief complaint was ocular symptom for diabetic retinopathy, we initially didn't consider an DAVFs until brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] was done. Diffusion-weighted brain MRI revealed acute cerebral infarction and microhemorrhage in the lesion. Transarterial embolization with mixture of glue and lipiodol obliterated the DAVFs completely. Although the DAVFs fed by multi-arteries, the fistulous portion has been disappeared after embolization via an only left occipital artery Endovascular embolization of the fistula led to symptomatic improvement, except ocular discomfort.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2014

We report on a patient who showed visual recovery following bilateral occipital lobe infarct, as evaluated by follow up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). A 56-year-old female patient exhibited severe visual impairment since onset of the cerebral infarct in the bilateral occipital lobes. The patient complained that she could not see anything, although the central part of the visual field remained dimly at 1 week after onset. However, her visual function has shown improvement with time. As a result, at 5 weeks after onset, she notified that her visual field and visual acuity had improved. fMRI and DTT were acquired at 1 week and 4 weeks after onset, using a 1.5-T Philips Gyroscan Intera. The fiber number of left optic radiation (OR) increased from 257 (1-week) to 353 (4-week), although the fiber numbers for right OR were similar. No activation in the occipital lobe was observed on 1-week fMRI. By contrast, activation of the visual cortex, including the bilateral primary visual cortex, was observed on 4-week fMRI. We demonstrated visual recovery in this patient in terms of the changes observed on DTT and fMRI. It appears that the recovery of the left OR was attributed more to resolution of local factors, such as peri-infarct edema, than brain plasticity.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.728-732
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• 2008

본 연구는 운동 표상에 관한 뇌 메커니즘의 이해를 위해 fMRI를 이용한 측정 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템의 검증을 위해 예비 실험을 시행하였다. fMRI task는 visual feedback을 제공하는 task와 차단하는 task 두 가지의 task로 구성되었다. 실험 결과 visual feedback이 제공되었을 때는 left superior orbital gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right thalamus, right postcentral gyrus 그리고 right superior parietal lobule 같은 영역들이 활성화 되었다. Visual feedback이 차단되었을 때는 left precuneus, right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, right anterior cingulate cortex, left Inferior temporal gyrus, left insula lobe, right superior parietal lobule, bilateral postcentral gyrus 그리고 left precentral gyrus 같은 영역들이 활성화 되었다. 개발된 시스템을 통해서 visual feedback이 차단되었을 경우 운동 표상에 관한 뇌 메커니즘을 알아 볼 수 있었다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.989-993
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise on the muscle tone, stiffness, ROM, and cervical lordosis in patient with forward head posture(FHP). This study was a case study of a single patient with forward head posture. This study used a ABA' design, A and A' were the baseline phases and B was the intervention phase. The intervention was occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilization exercise. It was administered once daily for 7 days. The therapist kept hands together, and placed the two index fingers under the subject's occipital bone. The subject performed the chin-in exercise with a maximum isometric contraction for 20 sec.The exercise was implemented by performing the movements 10 times as a set and repeating the set three times. The muscle tone was not significantly changed after intervention. However, the stiffness was decreased and lasted the effect lasted without intervention. The cervical flexion angle was increased, but the cervical extension angle was not significantly changed after the intervention. The left and right lateral flexion angles were increased and the effect lasted without any intervention. However, the left and right rotation angles were significantly changed after the intervention. Cervical lordosis increased not from $37^{\circ}$ to $41^{\circ}$ after the intervention. These results suggest that occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise had a positive effect on cervical stiffness, flexion and lateral flexion ROM, and lordosis in a patient with forward head posture.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2008

Functional MRI technique was used in this study for examining the language switching mechanisms between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). Language switching mechanism is regarded as a complex task that involves an interaction between L1 and L2. The aim of study is to find out the brain activation patterns during the phonological process of reading real English words and English words written in Korean characters in a bilingual person. Korean-English bilingual subjects were examined while they covertly read four types of words native Korean words, Korean words of a foreign origin, English words written in Korean characters, and English words. The fMRI results reveal that the left hemispheric language-related regions at the brain, such as the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and parietal cortices, have a greater response to the presentation of English words written in Korean characters than for the other types of words, in addition, a slight difference was observed in the occipital-temporal lobe. These results suggest that a change in the brain circuitry underlying the relational processes of language switching is mainly associated with general executive processing system in the left prefrontal cortex rather than with a similarity-based processing system in the occipital-temporal lobes.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

This study has investigated psychological responses to various TV advertisements by using EEG(electroencephalogram). In particular, it was assumed that the brain wave would show different patterns depending upon the style of the advertisement that could be categorized into two such as 'information transfer' type and 'emotional reaction' type. Ten healthy males participated in the experiment. EEG signal was extracted from six lobes such as right and left frontal, right and left occipital, right and left temporal while the subjects were watching TV advertisements. Alpha and beta relative power spectrum, and beta/alpha parameter were calculated to compare two kinds of advertisement each other. Additionally, subjective questionnaire was used to examine subject's response by using adjective words and preference test. In result, significant differences were found in left frontal and right occipital lobe in terms of beta/alpha between two different advertisements. And, subjects showed different preference between two advertisements. It was shown that the current method could analyze the brain reaction to advertisement quantitatively, that presented the possibility of using it to marketing research.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of brain activity between internet game overusers in adulthood and normal adults in a state of disembodiment. Methods The fMRI images were taken while the internet game overuser group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 15) were asked to perform the task composed of ball-throwing animations. The task reflected on either self-agency about ball-throwing or location of a ball. And each block was shown with either different (changing viewpoint) or same animations (fixed viewpoint). The disembodiment-related condition was the interaction between agency task and changing viewpoint. Results 1) In within-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher brain activation in the left precentral gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left insula. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the right cuneus, the left posterior middle occipital gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus. 2) In between-group analyses, the control group exhibited higher activation in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus. And the overuser group exhibited higher activation in the left cuneus, and the left posterior middle occipital area. Conclusions These results show that the disembodiment-related brain activation of internet game overusers in adulthood is different from that of normal adults.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

A 4-year-old girl with Panayiotopoulos syndrome presented with a history of 4 prolonged autonomic seizures. The clinical features of her seizures included, in order of occurrence, blank staring, pallor, vomiting, hemi-clonic movement on the right side, and unresponsiveness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a slightly high $T_2$ signal in the left hippocampus. Interictal electoencephalogram revealed spikes in the occipital area of the left hemisphere. We analyzed the current-source distribution of the spikes to examine the relationship between the current source and the high $T_2$ signal. The current source of the occipital spikes was not only distributed in the occipital area of both cerebral hemispheres, but also extended to the posterior temporal area of the left hemisphere. These findings suggest that the left temporal lobe may be one of the hyperexcitable areas and form part of the epileptogenic area in this patient. We hypothesized that the high $T_2$ signal in the left hippocampus of our patient may not have been an incidental lesion, but instead may be related to the underlying electroclinical diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome, and particularly seizure. This notion is important because an abnormal $T_2$ signal in the hippocampus may represent an acute stage of hippocampal injury, although there is no previous report of hippocampal pathology in Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Therefore, long-term observation and serial follow-up MRIs may be needed to confirm the clinical significance of the $T_2$ signal change in the hippocampus of this patient.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.730-740
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 중, 고등학교 과학교사들의 생명 현상에 대한 과학적 관찰에서 나타나는 두뇌의 활성 양상 및 기능적 연결 네트워크를 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중, 고등학교에서 근무하는 26명의 건강한 오른손잡이 과학교사들이 이 연구에 참여하였다. 과학 교사들의 과제수행 과정에서의 두뇌활성을 측정하기 위하여 3.0T(테슬라)의 fMRI 시스템과 블록디자인의 관찰과제가 사용되었다. 신호의 수집과 분석에는 SPM2 프로그램이 활용되었다. 연구결과에 따르면, 관찰과정에서 과학교사들은 좌측 상전두이랑, 중전두이랑, 중심전두이랑, 하전두이랑, 양측 상두정소엽, 좌측 하두정소엽, 좌측 쐐기전소엽, 우측 중측두이랑, 양측 방추이랑, 좌측 상후두이랑, 양측 중후두이랑, 좌측 하후두이랑, 우측 혀이랑, 양측 방추이랑, 양측 쐐기소엽, 우측 해마옆이랑, 좌측 조가비핵, 그리고 양측 소뇌비탈의 활성을 보였다. 또한 이들 영역 중 관찰과정에서 기능적으로 연결성을 보이는 네트워크를 형성하는 것으로 선정된 11개의 영역에서 10개의 유의미한 기능적 연결을 형성하였다. 이러한 결과는 생명현상에 대한 과학적 관찰이 단순한 감각수용만을 넘어선 기능적 연결이 필요함을 시사한다.