• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2015

The modern manufacturing systems and technologies produce products that are more accurate day by day. This can be reached mainly by improvement the manufacturing process with at the same time restricting more and more the quality specifications and reducing the uncertainty in part. The main objective an industry becomes to lower the part's variability, since the less variability - the better is product. One of the part of this task is measuring the object's uncertainty. The main purpose of this study is to understand the application of bootstrap method for uncertainty evaluation. Bootstrap method is a collection of sample re-use techniques designed to estimate standard errors and confidence intervals. In the case study a surface of an automobile engine block - (Top view side) is measured by Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and analyzed for uncertainty using Geometric Least Squares in complex with bootstrap method. The designed experiment is composed by three similar measurements (the same features in unique reference system), but with different points (5, 10, 20) concentration at each level. Then each cloud of points was independently analyzed by means of non-linear Least Squares, after estimated results have been reported. A MatLAB software tool used to generate new samples using bootstrap function. The results of the designed experiment are summarized and show that the bootstrap method provides the possibility to evaluate the uncertainty without repeating the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) measurements many times, i.e. potentially can reduce the measuring time.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.768-776
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• 2006

연결 정보가 없는 포인트 데이타가 주어졌을 때, 본 논문은 MLS(moving least-squares) 근사화 기법을 이용하여 포인트 데이타에 대해 근사화된 표면을 생성한다. 근사화된 표면에서의 각 포인트에 대해 지역적인 곡률과 곡률 미분 값을 측정 한 후, 딜러니 삼각화(Delaunay tessellation)를 통해 이웃간의 정보를 생성하게 되고, 연결된 포인트들 간의 제로-클로싱(zero-crossing)을 측정하여 특징 포인트들을 추출하고, 곡률 방향으로 추출 된 포인트들을 연결한다. 본 방법은 기존의 메쉬 데이타에서 특징 선을 찾는 방법과 비슷한 복잡도를 갖는다. 몇 개의 포인트-샘플 된 모델에 대해 특징 선 추출을 수행하며, 곡률의 크기에 따라 특징선의 두께를 조절하고 포인트-스플릿팅 방법에 의해 렌더링 한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권10호
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• pp.1874-1881
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• 2010

A recursive linear stochastic error compensation algorithm is newly proposed for target localization in sensor network which provides range difference of arrival(RDOA) measurements. Target localization with RDOA is a well-known nonlinear estimation problem. Since it can not solve with a closed-form solution, the numerical methods sensitive to initial guess are often used before. As an alternative solution, a pseudo-linear estimation scheme has been used but the auto-correlation of measurement noise still causes unacceptable estimation errors under low SNR conditions. To overcome these problems, a stochastic error compensation method is applied for the target localization problem under the assumption that a priori stochastic information of RDOA measurement noise is available. Apart from the existing methods, the proposed linear target localization scheme can recursively compute the target position estimate which converges to true position in probability. In addition, it is remarked that the suggested algorithm has a structural reconciliation with the existing one such as linear correction least squares(LCLS) estimator. Through the computer simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed method shows better performance than the LCLS method and guarantees fast and reliable convergence characteristic compared to the nonlinear method.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2016

Re-auction happens when a bid winner defaults on the payment without making second in-line purchase declaration even after determining sales permission. This is a process of selling under the court's authority. Re-auctioning contract price of real estate is largely influenced by the real estate business, real estate value, and the number of bidders. This paper is designed to establish a statistical model that deals with the number of bidders participating especially in apartment re-auctioning. For these, diverse factors are taken into consideration, including ratio of minimum sales value from the point of selling to re-auctioning, number of bidders at the time of selling, investment value of the real estate, and so forth. As an attempt to consider ambiguous and vague factors, this paper presents a comparatively vague concept of real estate and bidders as trapezoid fuzzy number. Two different methods based on the least squares estimation are applied to fuzzy regression model in this paper. The first method is the estimating method applying substitution after obtaining the estimators of regression coefficients, and the other method is to estimate directly from the estimating procedure without substitution. These methods are provided in application for re-auction data, and appropriate performance measure is also provided to compare the accuracies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.131-147
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• 2011

The logarithmic decrement method has been long used to estimate damping ratios in systems with only one modal component such as linear single degree of freedom (SDOF) mechanical systems. This paper presents an application of a methodology that uses joint time-frequency distribution (JTFD) as input, instead of the raw signal, to systems with several vibration modes. A most important feature of the present approach is that it can be applied to a system with time-varying damping ratio. Initially the precision and robustness of the method is determined using a synthetic model with multiple harmonic components, one of them displaying a time-varying damping ratio, subsequently the results obtained from experiments with a reduced model are presented. A comparison is made between the results obtained with this methodology and those using the classical technique of Least Squares Complex Exponential Method (LSCE) in order to highlight the advantages of the former, such as, good precision, robustness and excellent performance in extreme cases, e.g., when very low frequency components and time varying damping ratio are present.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2018

This paper presents a phase portrait analysis-based safety control algorithm for excavators, using adaptive sliding mode control. Since working postures and material types cause the excavator's rotational inertia to vary, the rotational inertia was estimated, and this estimation was used to design an adaptive sliding mode controller for collision avoidance of the excavator. In order to estimate the rotational inertia, the recursive least-squares estimation with multiple forgetting was applied with the information of the swing velocity of the excavator. For realistic evaluation, an actual working scenario-based performance evaluation was conducted. Based on the estimated rotational inertia and an analysis of estimation errors, sliding mode control inputs were computed. The actual working scenario-based performance evaluation of the designed safety algorithm was conducted, and the results showed that the developed safety control algorithm can efficiently avoid a collision with an object in consideration of rotational inertia variations.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2011

This paper makes a close inquiry into ill-conditioning that may be occurred in wireless localization of the sensor nodes based on network signals in the wireless sensor network and provides the clue for solving the problem. In order to estimate the location of a node based on the range information calculated using the signal propagation time, LS (Least Squares) method is usually used. The LS method estimates the solution that makes the squared estimation error minimal. When a nonlinear function is used for the wireless localization, ILS (Iterative Least Squares) method is used. The ILS method process the LS method iteratively after linearizing the nonlinear function at the initial nominal point. This method, however, has a problem that the final solution may converge into a LM (Local Minimum) instead of a GM (Global Minimum) according to the deployment of the fixed nodes and the initial nominal point. The conditions that cause the problem are explained and an adaptive method is presented to solve it, in this paper. It can be expected that the stable location solution can be provided in implementation of the wireless localization methods based on the results of this paper.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.894-901
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• 2017

요동이 존재하는 환경에서 항법 장비 정확도의 한계 및 시스템 지연 오차 등으로 방위 위상 오차가 필연적으로 발생하는 항공기 탑재 SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)의 경우, 방위 위상 오차를 신호처리 알고리즘으로 추정하고 보상하는 자동 초점(Autofocus: AF) 기법 적용이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 수정된 가중치 최소 자승기법(Modified Weighted Least-Squares: MWLS)에 의한 자동 초점 알고리즘을 제안한다. 새로운 방식의 표적 선정 및 정렬과 방위 방향 반복 위상 추정 방식을 통해 기존 WLS보다 견고한 성능을 보이게 된다. 비행 시험을 통해 획득한 SAR 원시데이터에 제안한 방식을 적용하고 성능을 분석하여 제안한 방식의 유효함과 우수성을 입증하도록 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

Along with the economic globalization and network generalization, this provides a good opportunity to the development of cross-border e-commerce trade. Based on this background, this paper sets ASEAN countries as an example to exploit the determinants of cross-border e-commerce trade including the export and the import, respectively. The panel data from the year of 1998 to 2016 will be employed to estimate the relationship between cross-border e-commerce trade and relevant variables under the dynamic ordinary least squares and the error correction model. The findings of this paper show that there is a long-run relationship between cross-border e-commerce trade and relevant variables. Generally speaking, the GDP(+) and real exchange rate(-export & +import) have an effect on cross-border e-commerce trade. However, the population (+) and the terms of trade (-) only have an effect on cross-border e-commerce import. The empirical evidences show that the GDP and the real exchange rate always affect the development of cross-border e-commerce trade. Therefore, all ASEAN countries should try their best to develop the economic growth and focus on the exchange rate regime so as to meet the need of cross-border e-commerce trade development.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2014

Many reports have shown that the access pattern for geospatial tiles follows Zipf's law and that its parameter ${\alpha}$ represents the access characteristics. However, visits to geospatial tiles have temporal and spatial popularities, and the ${\alpha}$-value changes as they change. We construct a mathematical model to simulate the user's access behavior by studying the attributes of frequently visited tile objects to determine parameter estimation algorithms. Because the least squares (LS) method in common use cannot obtain an exact ${\alpha}$-value and does not provide a suitable fit to data for frequently visited tiles, we present a new approach, which uses a moment method of estimation to obtain the value of ${\alpha}$ when ${\alpha}$ is close to 1. When ${\alpha}$ is further away from 1, the method uses the associated cache hit ratio for tile access and uses an LS method based on a critical cache size to estimate the value of ${\alpha}$. The decrease in the estimation error is presented and discussed in the section on experiment results. This new method, which provides a more accurate estimate of ${\alpha}$ than earlier methods, promises more effective prediction of requests for frequently accessed tiles for better caching and load balancing.