• Title/Summary/Keyword: learning and memory

Search Result 1,234, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

A Study on MRD Methods of A RAM-based Neural Net (RAM 기반 신경망의 MRD 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Dong-Hyung;Kim, Seong-Jin;Park, Sang-Moo;Lee, Soo-Dong;Ock, Cheol-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
    • /
    • v.14 no.9
    • /
    • pp.11-19
    • /
    • 2009
  • A RAM-based Neural Net(RBNN) which has multi-discriminators is more effective than RBNN with a discriminator. Experience Sensitive Cumulative Neural Network and 3-D Neuro System(3DNS) that accumulate the features point improved the performance of BNN, which were enabled to train additional and repeated patterns and extract a generalized pattern. In recognition process of Neural Net with multi-discriminator, the selection of class was decided by the value of MRD which calculates the accumulated sum of each class. But they had a saturation problem of its memory cells caused by learning volume increment. Therefore, the decision of MRD has a low performance because recognition rate is decreased by saturation. In this paper, we propose the method which improve the MRD ability. The method consists of the optimum MRD and the matching ratio prototype to generalized image, the cumulative filter ratio, the gap of prototype response MRD. We experimented the performance using NIST database of NIST without preprocessor, and compared this model with 3DNS. The proposed MRD method has more performance of recognition rate and more stable system for distortion of input pattern than 3DNS.

Effects of Various Nootropic Candidates on the Impaired Acquisition of Ethanol-treated Rats in Step-through Test (에탄올 급성 투여로 유발된 학습획득 손상에 미치는 수종 뇌기능개선 후보 물질의 작용)

  • Lee Soon-Chul;Kim Eun-Joo;You Kwan-Hee;Kang Jong-Seong;Moon Yang-Sun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.23 no.2 s.54
    • /
    • pp.115-121
    • /
    • 1999
  • Effects of single and repeated administration of various nootropic candidates were examined on impaired acquisition by single oral administration of 3 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in step through test. The inhibitory effect of EtOH on acquisition was significantly reduced by single picrotoxin, but not affected by diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine and apomorphine. Single or repeated red ginseng total saponin and deprenyl, single piracetam, repeated N-methyl-D-glucamine, but not single or repeated protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and centrophenoxine significantly ameliorated the impairment of acquisition by EtOH. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of repeated red ginseng total saponin but not that of repeated N-methyl-D-Glucamine, was significantly blocked by pretreatment of $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine, a inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of repeated deprenyl on EtOH amnesia was exaggerated by $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine. These results suggest that the amelioration processes of drugs on ethanol amnesia involve complex mechanism between the central GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in memory and learning, although the effects of repeated drugs administration are not yet clear.

  • PDF

Spark based Scalable RDFS Ontology Reasoning over Big Triples with Confidence Values (신뢰값 기반 대용량 트리플 처리를 위한 스파크 환경에서의 RDFS 온톨로지 추론)

  • Park, Hyun-Kyu;Lee, Wan-Gon;Jagvaral, Batselem;Park, Young-Tack
    • Journal of KIISE
    • /
    • v.43 no.1
    • /
    • pp.87-95
    • /
    • 2016
  • Recently, due to the development of the Internet and electronic devices, there has been an enormous increase in the amount of available knowledge and information. As this growth has proceeded, studies on large-scale ontological reasoning have been actively carried out. In general, a machine learning program or knowledge engineer measures and provides a degree of confidence for each triple in a large ontology. Yet, the collected ontology data contains specific uncertainty and reasoning such data can cause vagueness in reasoning results. In order to solve the uncertainty issue, we propose an RDFS reasoning approach that utilizes confidence values indicating degrees of uncertainty in the collected data. Unlike conventional reasoning approaches that have not taken into account data uncertainty, by using the in-memory based cluster computing framework Spark, our approach computes confidence values in the data inferred through RDFS-based reasoning by applying methods for uncertainty estimating. As a result, the computed confidence values represent the uncertainty in the inferred data. To evaluate our approach, ontology reasoning was carried out over the LUBM standard benchmark data set with addition arbitrary confidence values to ontology triples. Experimental results indicated that the proposed system is capable of running over the largest data set LUBM3000 in 1179 seconds inferring 350K triples.

The Generating Processes of Scientific Emotion in the Generation of Biological Hypotheses (생물학 가설의 생성에서 나타난 과학적 감성의 생성 과정)

  • Kwon, Yong-Ju;Shin, Dong-Hoon;Park, Ji-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
    • /
    • v.25 no.4
    • /
    • pp.503-513
    • /
    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the generating processes of scientific emotion, that appears during the generation of biological hypotheses. To perform the study, a tentative model was set up through pilot test, a think-aloud training procedure was planned and a standardized interview instrument was developed before getting protocols. In this study, 8 college students were selected to bring out protocol through the method of think-aloud, retrospective debriefing, focused interview and observing. As the result of analysis of the collected protocol through coding scheme, 4 types of process for scientific emotion-generating were sorted out. First type was a basic process which was a feeling process in prior to recognition. Second type was a retrospective process that explains the process of retrospect for emotional memory based on the past. Third type was a cognitive process and it explains emotion that occurs during thinking process to achieve cognitive goal. Fourth type was an attribution process and it explains that emotion is generated in the process of attribution for cognitive goal's achievement. These types of process of scientific emotion-generating can contribute the basis for developing cognitive model of EBL (Emotional Brain-based Learning) strategy.

Glutamate Receptor-interacting Protein 1 Protein Binds to the Armadillo Family Protein p0071/plakophilin-4 in Brain (Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 단백질과 armadillo family 단백질 p0071/plakophilin-4와의 결합)

  • Moon, Il-Soo;Seog, Dae-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.19 no.8
    • /
    • pp.1055-1061
    • /
    • 2009
  • ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are widespread throughout the central nervous system and appear to serve as synaptic receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate. Their modulation is believed to affect learning and memory. To identify the interaction proteins for the AMPA receptor subunit glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIPl), GRIP1 interactions with armadillo family protein p0071/plakophilin-4 were investigated. GRIP1 protein bound to the tail region of p0071/plakophilin-4 but not to other armadillo family protein members in a yeast two-hybrid assay. The "S-X-V" motif at the carboxyl (C)-terminal end of p0071/plakophilin-4 is essential for interaction with GRIP1. p0071/plakophilin-4 interacted with the Postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/Zona occludens-1 (PDZ) domains of GRIPI in the yeast two-hybrid assay, as is indicated also by Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitated with GRIP1 antibody in brain fraction. The findings of this study provide evidence that p0071/plakophilin-4 is an interactor of GRIP1.

Real-time PM10 Concentration Prediction LSTM Model based on IoT Streaming Sensor data (IoT 스트리밍 센서 데이터에 기반한 실시간 PM10 농도 예측 LSTM 모델)

  • Kim, Sam-Keun;Oh, Tack-Il
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.19 no.11
    • /
    • pp.310-318
    • /
    • 2018
  • Recently, the importance of big data analysis is increasing as a large amount of data is generated by various devices connected to the Internet with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT). Especially, it is necessary to analyze various large-scale IoT streaming sensor data generated in real time and provide various services through new meaningful prediction. This paper proposes a real-time indoor PM10 concentration prediction LSTM model based on streaming data generated from IoT sensor using AWS. We also construct a real-time indoor PM10 concentration prediction service based on the proposed model. Data used in the paper is streaming data collected from the PM10 IoT sensor for 24 hours. This time series data is converted into sequence data consisting of 30 consecutive values from time series data for use as input data of LSTM. The LSTM model is learned through a sliding window process of moving to the immediately adjacent dataset. In order to improve the performance of the model, incremental learning method is applied to the streaming data collected every 24 hours. The linear regression and recurrent neural networks (RNN) models are compared to evaluate the performance of LSTM model. Experimental results show that the proposed LSTM prediction model has 700% improvement over linear regression and 140% improvement over RNN model for its performance level.

The thought and spirit of Sunbi of Kwon Sang-Ha(1641-1721) (수암(遂庵) 권상하(權尙夏)의 춘추정신(春秋精神)과 도학사상(道學思想))

  • Kim, MoonJoon
    • The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
    • /
    • no.23
    • /
    • pp.155-180
    • /
    • 2008
  • Suam(遂庵) Kwon Sang-Ha(權尙夏) was a very important character in the late Chosoen Dynasty. He was a representative of the academic circles(school of Uam) and political circles(Nolon; 老論) after Uam(尤庵) Song Si-Yeol(宋時烈, 1607-1689). He represented learning and thought and undertaking of his academic circles and political circles, and handed down to his pupils. He thought his mission was "lighting the laws of heaven and aligning the human mind," "stopping the heretical study and repulsing uncivilization", to reform good virtues of humanity and justice. Kwon Sang-Ha was a successor of Song Si-Yeol, He succeeded learning and thought of his teacher and practiced "Upright"(直) and the Thought of ChunChu(春秋). He emphasized "Upright" as a fundamental principle, like his teacher. He thought ChuHsi(朱熹, 1130-1200) was the master who had inherited the spirit of Confucianism and Chosoen was the only country to successfully inherit this spirit of Confucianism. He declared any study counter to the study of ChuHsi as a rebellious pursuit. Therefore he rejected all other studies. He tried to "stop the heretical 'ism' and repulse uncivilization" and present this ideology as 'the Right way of Human Society(世道)'. He made efforts to reorganize books of ChuHsi to make perfect Book of righteousness with Song Si-Yeol. And he established Hwayang shrine, MandongMyo(萬東廟), Deabodan(大報壇) etc, in memory of fidelity and large rightness. Kwon Sang-Ha did these undertaking to establish 'Public morals and the Right way of Human Society(世道)' with self-confidence. In Dispute on the nature of man and animal(人物性同異論), he gives his approval to Han Won-Jin's opinion. Han Won-Jin's opinion was "the nature of man and animal is Different"(人物性異論). Whenever serious political accidents occurred, he took the lead to protect his teacher, Song Si-Yeol. The reason he did this was not because of his personal feelings for his teacher, but because of promoting 'Public morals(世道)' and 'Confucianism.' Kwon Sang-Ha regarded Mind control Law of "Upright" and the thought of ChunChu as his moralities, and was concerned about real politics and opposed social irregularities. Kwon Sang-Ha succeeded Song Si-Yeol's thought of "Upright" and volition of making an inroad on the Chung(淸), and gave to his political circles(Nolon; 老論) as a law of mind and mission.

Development of a complex failure prediction system using Hierarchical Attention Network (Hierarchical Attention Network를 이용한 복합 장애 발생 예측 시스템 개발)

  • Park, Youngchan;An, Sangjun;Kim, Mintae;Kim, Wooju
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.26 no.4
    • /
    • pp.127-148
    • /
    • 2020
  • The data center is a physical environment facility for accommodating computer systems and related components, and is an essential foundation technology for next-generation core industries such as big data, smart factories, wearables, and smart homes. In particular, with the growth of cloud computing, the proportional expansion of the data center infrastructure is inevitable. Monitoring the health of these data center facilities is a way to maintain and manage the system and prevent failure. If a failure occurs in some elements of the facility, it may affect not only the relevant equipment but also other connected equipment, and may cause enormous damage. In particular, IT facilities are irregular due to interdependence and it is difficult to know the cause. In the previous study predicting failure in data center, failure was predicted by looking at a single server as a single state without assuming that the devices were mixed. Therefore, in this study, data center failures were classified into failures occurring inside the server (Outage A) and failures occurring outside the server (Outage B), and focused on analyzing complex failures occurring within the server. Server external failures include power, cooling, user errors, etc. Since such failures can be prevented in the early stages of data center facility construction, various solutions are being developed. On the other hand, the cause of the failure occurring in the server is difficult to determine, and adequate prevention has not yet been achieved. In particular, this is the reason why server failures do not occur singularly, cause other server failures, or receive something that causes failures from other servers. In other words, while the existing studies assumed that it was a single server that did not affect the servers and analyzed the failure, in this study, the failure occurred on the assumption that it had an effect between servers. In order to define the complex failure situation in the data center, failure history data for each equipment existing in the data center was used. There are four major failures considered in this study: Network Node Down, Server Down, Windows Activation Services Down, and Database Management System Service Down. The failures that occur for each device are sorted in chronological order, and when a failure occurs in a specific equipment, if a failure occurs in a specific equipment within 5 minutes from the time of occurrence, it is defined that the failure occurs simultaneously. After configuring the sequence for the devices that have failed at the same time, 5 devices that frequently occur simultaneously within the configured sequence were selected, and the case where the selected devices failed at the same time was confirmed through visualization. Since the server resource information collected for failure analysis is in units of time series and has flow, we used Long Short-term Memory (LSTM), a deep learning algorithm that can predict the next state through the previous state. In addition, unlike a single server, the Hierarchical Attention Network deep learning model structure was used in consideration of the fact that the level of multiple failures for each server is different. This algorithm is a method of increasing the prediction accuracy by giving weight to the server as the impact on the failure increases. The study began with defining the type of failure and selecting the analysis target. In the first experiment, the same collected data was assumed as a single server state and a multiple server state, and compared and analyzed. The second experiment improved the prediction accuracy in the case of a complex server by optimizing each server threshold. In the first experiment, which assumed each of a single server and multiple servers, in the case of a single server, it was predicted that three of the five servers did not have a failure even though the actual failure occurred. However, assuming multiple servers, all five servers were predicted to have failed. As a result of the experiment, the hypothesis that there is an effect between servers is proven. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the prediction performance was superior when the multiple servers were assumed than when the single server was assumed. In particular, applying the Hierarchical Attention Network algorithm, assuming that the effects of each server will be different, played a role in improving the analysis effect. In addition, by applying a different threshold for each server, the prediction accuracy could be improved. This study showed that failures that are difficult to determine the cause can be predicted through historical data, and a model that can predict failures occurring in servers in data centers is presented. It is expected that the occurrence of disability can be prevented in advance using the results of this study.

Brain Activation Pattern and Functional Connectivity during Convergence Thinking and Chemistry Problem Solving (융합 사고와 화학문제풀이 과정에서의 두뇌 활성 양상과 기능적 연결성)

  • Kwon, Seung-Hyuk;Oh, Jae-Young;Lee, Young-Ji;Eom, Jeung-Tae;Kwon, Yong-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.60 no.3
    • /
    • pp.203-214
    • /
    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate brain activation pattern and functional connectivity during convergence thinking based creative problem solving and chemistry problem solving to identify characteristic convergence thinking that is backbone of creative problem solving using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). A fMRI paradaigm inducing convergence thinking and chemistry problem solving was developed and adjusted on 17 highschool students, and brain activation image during task was analyzed. According to the results, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, precuneus and caudate nucleus body in left hemisphere and cuneus and caudate nucleus body in right hemisphere were significantly activated during convergence thinking. The other hand, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and caudate nucleus in left hemisphere and middle frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, caudate nucleus, thalamus and culmen of cerebellum in right hemisphere were significantly activated during chemistry problem solving. As results of analysis functional connectivity, all of areas activated during convergence thinking were functionaly connected, whereas scanty connectivity of chemistry problem solving between right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral nucleus caudate tail and culmen. The results show that logical thinking, working memory, planning, imaging, languge based thinking and learning motivation were induced during convergence thinking and these functions and regions were synchronized intimately. Whereas, logical thinking and inducing learning motivation functioning during chemistry problem solving were not synchronized. These results provide concrete information about convergence thinking.

Development of 1ST-Model for 1 hour-heavy rain damage scale prediction based on AI models (1시간 호우피해 규모 예측을 위한 AI 기반의 1ST-모형 개발)

  • Lee, Joonhak;Lee, Haneul;Kang, Narae;Hwang, Seokhwan;Kim, Hung Soo;Kim, Soojun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.56 no.5
    • /
    • pp.311-323
    • /
    • 2023
  • In order to reduce disaster damage by localized heavy rains, floods, and urban inundation, it is important to know in advance whether natural disasters occur. Currently, heavy rain watch and heavy rain warning by the criteria of the Korea Meteorological Administration are being issued in Korea. However, since this one criterion is applied to the whole country, we can not clearly recognize heavy rain damage for a specific region in advance. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to reset the current criteria for a special weather report which considers the regional characteristics and to predict the damage caused by rainfall after 1 hour. The study area was selected as Gyeonggi-province, where has more frequent heavy rain damage than other regions. Then, the rainfall inducing disaster or hazard-triggering rainfall was set by utilizing hourly rainfall and heavy rain damage data, considering the local characteristics. The heavy rain damage prediction model was developed by a decision tree model and a random forest model, which are machine learning technique and by rainfall inducing disaster and rainfall data. In addition, long short-term memory and deep neural network models were used for predicting rainfall after 1 hour. The predicted rainfall by a developed prediction model was applied to the trained classification model and we predicted whether the rain damage after 1 hour will be occurred or not and we called this as 1ST-Model. The 1ST-Model can be used for preventing and preparing heavy rain disaster and it is judged to be of great contribution in reducing damage caused by heavy rain.