• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties of learners who started programming after entering college and to search an effective software education method as university liber arts for non-science major students. In order to do this, we analyzed the difficulties of learners in Python programming classes composed of students from various majors at H University through questioning and taught them using flipped class model with pre-questions. The questions that students submit are collected online before class every time, the data on the degree of the difficulty of feeling and the understanding of feeling were obtained through the questionnaire. As a result, for learners who are new to programming, the learners should allocate the process of making the problem into a logical abstraction at the beginning of the curriculum before learning the basic concept of computer language, each lesson should be practiced through the bottom-up problems enough to provide a logical understanding before actual coding. In addition, detailed curriculum should be developed according to characteristics of learner's major, contents and conducting level.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.3-16
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• 2010

This study aims at setting the hierarchy of difficulty of the 7 Korean monophthongs for Mongolian learners of Korean according to Prator's theory based on the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. In addition to that, it will be shown that the difficulties and errors for Mongolian learners of Korean as a second or foreign language proceed directly from this hierarchy of difficulty. This study began by looking at the speeches of 60 Mongolians for Mongolian monophthongs; data were investigated and analyzed into formant frequencies F1 and F2 of each vowel. Then, the 7 Korean monophthongs were compared with the resultant Mongolian formant values and are assigned to 3 levels, 'same', 'similar' or 'different sound'. The findings in assessing the differences of the 8 nearest equivalents of Korean and Mongolian vowels are as follows: First, Korean /a/ and /$\wedge$/ turned out as a 'same sound' with their counterparts, Mongolian /a/ and /ɔ/. Second, Korean /i/, /e/, /o/, /u/ turned out as a 'similar sound' with each their Mongolian counterparts /i/, /e/, /o/, /u/. Third, Korean /ɨ/ which is nearest to Mongolian /i/ in terms of phonetic features seriously differs from it and is thus assigned to 'different sound'. And lastly, Mongolian /$\mho$/ turned out as a 'different sound' with its nearest counterpart, Korean /u/. Based on these findings the hierarchy of difficulty was constructed. Firstly, 4 Korean monophthongs /a/, /$\wedge$/, /i/, /e/ would be Level 0(Transfer); they would be transferred positively from their Mongolian counterparts when Mongolians learn Korean. Secondly, Korean /o/, /u/ would be Level 5(Split); they would require the Mongolian learner to make a new distinction and cause interference in learning the Korean language because Mongolian /o/, /u/ each have 2 similar counterpart sounds; Korean /o, u/, /u, o/. Thirdly, Korean /ɨ/ which is not in the Mongolian vowel system will be Level 4(Overdifferentiation); the new vowel /ɨ/ which bears little similarity to Mongolian /i/, must be learned entirely anew and will cause much difficulty for Mongolian learners in speaking and writing Korean. And lastly, Mongolian /$\mho$/ will be Level 2(Underdifferentiation); it is absent in the Korean language and doesn‘t cause interference in learning Korean as long as Mongolian learners avoid using it.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1995

This study was conducted to have better understanding of the students' experience in field practice by school health practice experience. The study subjects were 40 nursing students working in department of nursing K Univ. in C city. This study was approached by phenomenological method. Collected data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. The results were from the protocol 980 significant statements and organized into 240 formulated meanings. From formulated meaning 89 themes were identified, organized into 18 them clusters, and then into 16 categories. The nursing students took part in the practice with (expectation and readiness) different from those of the clinical practice, expressed wonder at the school which had progressed much more than their primary schools used to be. They said that they began to feel (Fatigue and stress), and that experienced tension for the lack of nursing knowledge and skill during the health education and clinical treatment activity. In addition, they experienced 'ambivalence of satisfaction and something wanted', that is to say, they could have done better by means of video education and health education. The 10-day-school health practice brought about the change in( the image of teacher) and (cognition about the nursing teacher's role), made the students have(love to the client) and (desire to be nursing teacher), and then turned out experience benefical enough to be expressed 'satisfaction' However, they pointed out many problems in (School Eniviroment), (Clinic), (Physical assessment), (Recording and reporting), so they had a chance to apply the school nursing process to the school. The professor should play the role of promoting the learning through the field practice and providing the stimulant of learning to help the learner get as much from the field situation as they could. Therefore, I suggest that the students always have a chance to exchange actual affairs and educational study, and that the concrete discussion and continuous cooperation be done. The professors should keep doing their best to find the way to professors should keep doing their best to find the way to promote the ability of thinking through the process the learners experienced themselves.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.389-394
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• 2011

The object of this paper is to make learners have study environment to study adaptively, anywhere, anyone, anytime and, just in time, not disturbed by time and place. So, it helps learners find solutions to questions and problems which they can face in the process of learning. This paper desires to find possibility of ontology which can solve problems after considering semantic web and theory of ontology by studying existing reference books. As ontology has the structure that can guess the data which is not showed clearly, so it can make the result more accurate and be the knowledge every learner sympathize and trust. I established the ontology frame about the electronic circuit which learners can solve their questions everywhere, anytime, and reconfirm what they studied, so I studied on application for e-learning based on ontology.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.461-469
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate college life adaptation and loneliness of non-traditional adult learners with nursing major. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on one hundred and ten participants from selected universities in G city. A structured questionnaire which included general characteristics, a College Life Adaptation Scale and a Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale was a study instrument. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. The average level of college life adaptation was 44.8, while the score for loneliness was found to be 40.3. There was a significant difference in college life adaptation according to perceived health status. Loneliness showed a significant difference according to grades. A significant positive correlation was observed between college life adaptation and loneliness. In other words, the greater the loneliness, the lower the adaptation to college life. Thus, the results suggest that Korean universities should pay close attention to psychological factors such as loneliness to improve the adaptation of non-traditional adult learners with varied backgrounds to college.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.225-254
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contrast the patterns of realization and understanding of refusal speech acts between Korean and Thai learners. This study intends to answer the following questions: (1) Do Koreans and Thai learners perform refusal speech acts differently? (2) Do Koreans and Thai learners understand refusal speech acts differently? A DCT and a follow-up interview were conducted to collect data of two groups of 30 native Korean speakers and 30 native Thai speakers. For research question 1, we analyzed the refusal strategy and provided reasons given by Koreans and Thai learners depending on the context. For research question 2, we ran a chi-squared test on the elements of the follow-up interviews, such as the weight of burden of refusing, and whether the participant would actually refuse or not. The differences between the refusal strategies of the two groups could be categorized by the preceding inducing speech act. In refusing a request, the difference was prominent in the apologizing strategy, whereas in refusing a suggestion, the difference was mainly in the direct refusal strategy. When refusing an invitation, the most evident difference was the number of refusal strategies employed. When providing an explanation of refusal to people with high social status, Koreans gave more specific reasons for refusals, whereas Thai learners tended to use more vague reasons. Moreover, when refusing an invitation, Koreans primarily mentioned the relationship, and Thai learners showed the spirit of Greng Jai. When asked the weight of burden of refusing, Koreans felt pressured to refuse a request from people with high social status, and a suggestion or invitation from people with high level of intimacy while Thai learners found it highly difficult to make a refusal in all cases. In answering whether they would actually refuse or not, Koreans tried not to make a refusal to people with high level of intimacy, and such a trend was not evident among the Thai. This study can help us better understand the learner's pragmatic failure, and serve as a basis in establishing a curriculum for teaching speech acts.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.523-532
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• 2019

Metacognition is a core element for nurses' clinical competency as a result of the learner's development and evaluate goals and plans for problem solving. The study aimed to analyze factors related to metacognition among undergraduate nursing students. The 205 nursing students participated from August 15 to October 19, 2017 to measure metacognition, self-directed learning, grit, learning environment and learning style. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with the SPSS/Win 22.0 program. Metacognition represented a positive correlation with self-directed learning, grit, learning environment. The self-directed learning and grit were significant factors on undergraduate nursing students' metacognition. As a result of this study, it is necessary to develop curriculum that can improve metacognition level by increasing self-directed learning ability and grit of undergraduate nursing student.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the effects of literary texts as a teaching tool to enhance college students' English communicative competence both in linguistic aspects and affective ones. The control group used only the course book as study material, whereas the target group read four short stories along with it and engaged in a series of follow-up tasks. To measure their English competence, the researcher had both groups take a pre-test and a post-test, compared the results, and analyzed the data using SPSS. The study indicates that though the target students' post-test scores increased, the result failed in reaching a significant level. Nevertheless, reading and discussing literature facilitated the target students' affective aspects of communication. This article points out some other limitations of utilizing literary texts in language teaching and suggests the need for further research to deal with the issues.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting e-learning usage intention of university students who have no prior e-learning experience. To address this issue, the study was carried out in two stages on university students at Y and K universities of Gyeongbuk province. After conducting the first survey, we constructed the measurement items and conducted the second survey on the factors that influence the learner's intention to use as the basic theory based on the results of the survey and the interviews with the experts. The result shows, first, due to the autonomy, the biggest advantage for e-learning, students' self-control decreases which affects e-learning fault. Second, university students use e-learning because of its convenience, ease of use and usefulness. However, convenience of learning space found to be useful in using e-learning, but it does not affect their actual intention to use e-learning. The result of this study can be used as basic data for the implementation of e-learning within the university and enhancing the individuals' learning effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

This study aims to suggest a Biophilic classroom design of high school to obtain attention restoration for students. The learning space for youth in the modern society is composed of dry artificial structures. This space is considered to be a space that can not relieve stress caused by learning. "The Attention Restoration Theory" is divided into "Directed Attention" of humans, which is the cause of fatigue and stress, and "Involuntary Attention" as a solution to it. "Involuntary Attention" takes place in a rest state and helps the brain recover when exposed to nature. And the core of "Biophilic-Design Theory" is that humans can recover physical and mental conditions when exposed to nature. The purpose of this study is to apply "The Biophilic-Design Theory" that emphasizes the importance of exposure to nature to the educational space and plan the space where the 'Attention Restoration' can be achieved. The research method is as follows. First, we review previous studies related to "The Biophilic-Design Theory" and "The Attention Restoration Theory". Second, we analyze the application examples of "The Biophilic-Design Theory" and "The Attention Restoration Theory" in domestic and foreign educational spaces. Third, the concept of educational space is set up based on the elements derived from previous studies. Finally, we propose the planning direction of classroom design based on Biophilic-Design. The following conclusions were drawn. First, The creation of the education space to restore the learner's attention requires a visual space plan that utilizes natural elements such as natural light, artificial light, plants, and natural materials that can directly experience nature. Second, the direction in which students in the classroom can be "The Attention Restoration Theory" should consider the use of indirect natural elements that bring the surrounding natural landscape into the interior. This study will be used as the baseline data for the spatial design and planning of education facilities based on Biophilic-Design.