• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.510-522
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• 2017

To better understand the morphological variation for Perilla crop in different areas of China, we studied the morphological variation in 87 accessions (84 cultivated var. frutescens and three cultivated var. crispa) from high latitude (Northeast China) and middle latitude (North and Northwest China) areas of China by examining seven quantitative and 10 qualitative characters. Analysis of the morphological variation determined that there was significant morphological differences in five quantitative traits between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa, including effective number of branches (QN2), number of internodes (QN3), number of branches (QN4), length of the largest inflorescence (QN5), and days from germination to flowering (QN7). However, two quantitative traits-plant height and number of florets of the largest inflorescence-did not show any significant differences between cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa. In addition, significant differences for six quantitative traits were found between the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens originating from high and middle latitude areas in China, which included QN2, QN3, QN5, number of florets of the largest inflorescence (QN6), and QN7. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified five quantitative characters [plant height (QN1), QN2, QN3, QN4, QN7] and six qualitative characters [fragrance of plant (QL1), color of reverse side of leaf (QL3), degree of pubescence (QL5), color of flower (QL6), shape of leaf (QL7), and hardness of seed (QL10)] that contributed to the positive direction on the first axis. The other quantitative and qualitative characters contributed to the negative direction on the first axis. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and cultivated var. crispa were clearly separated by the first axis. In addition, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens are from high latitude and middle latitude areas that were clearly separated by the first axis, except for several accessions. The findings from this study will provide useful information towards understanding the morphological variation of Perilla crop according to geographical distribution in high and middle latitude regions of China.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

Background: To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed (Phragmites australis), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h daytime a day as partially closed canopy conditions) and wind speed (0 m/s as windless conditions or 4 m/s as windy conditions). Results: Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length. In particular, we found sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW. Wind-induced effects on functional traits were different depending on functional traits. Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height. In contrast, wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW. Conclusions: Although wind appeared to inhibit the vertical growth of P. australis through physiological and morphological changes in leaf blades, it seemed that P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms, indicating a highly adaptive characteristic of P. australis in terms of phenotypic plasticity under windy environments.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Q. mongolica and Q. dentata are representative species of deciduous forest communities in Korea and are known to be relatively resistant to soil drying condition among Korean oaks. This study attempted to elucidate the degree of competition and ecological niche characteristics of the two species by comparing the ecological responses of the two species according to soil moisture. Competition between Q. mongolica and Q. dentata was shown to be more intense under the conditions where moisture content was low than under the conditions where moisture content was high. As for the ecological niche overlaps of the two species for soil moisture, the structural traits of plant such as stem diameter overlapped the most, the traits of biomass such as petiole weight overlapped the least, and photosynthetic organ-related traits such as leaf width and length overlapped intermediately. When looking at the competition for soil moisture between the two species, it can be seen that Q. mongolica won in nine traits (leaf width length, leaf lamina length, leaf lamina weight, leaf petiole weight, leaf area, leaves weight, shoot weight, root weight, and plant weight) and Q. dentata won in the remaining seven traits (leaf petiole length, leaves number, stem length, stem diameter, stem weight, shoot length, and root length). Competition between the two species for the moisture environment of the soil was shown to be intense under the conditions where moisture content was low. The degree of competition between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica for soil moisture is high under the conditions where soil moisture content is low, and it is judged that Q. mongolica is more competitive for soil moisture than Q. dentata.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1382-1388
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• 2009

Rubus crataegifolius is a shrub species and is primarily distributed throughout Asia and Europe. We collected 550 representative samples of the eleven populations in Korea to estimate leaf variation within species. The 35 morphological characteristics allowed us to resolve well-supported fixed characteristics and variable characteristics. Sixteen of twenty-three quantitative characteristics and five of twelve qualitative characteristics showed significant differences among populations. We argued that the population differentiation can accounted for the variation in phenetic characteristics such as spine in this species, but were less successful in accounting for variation in other traits. Within a polystatistic leaf structure, their morphological differences could be modulated by ecological pressure such as temperature, altitude, duration of sunshine, and solar radiation. The phenogram showed two distinct clades. One was a group in central Korea and the other was a group in the southern regions of Korea. If morphological characteristics in R. crataegifolius populations reflect their ecological niche, morphology should be regarded with caution as the main criterion for population studies in R. crataegifolius.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2021

During a disease survey on weeds and minor cultivated crops in Korea, a brown leaf spot disease was observed on Sonchus asper. Leaf lesions were round or irregular in shape, and grayish brown to brown with a purple margin. In severe infection, lesions enlarged and coalesced, resulting in blighting of the leaves. The isolates from these leaf lesions were identified as Alternaira sonchi based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of Internal transcribed spacer region, Alternaria allergen a1, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, RNA polymerase II, and translation elongation factor genes. This study provides a comprehensive description of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetical traits of A. sonchi causing brown leaf spot on S. asper in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 국내외에서 수집한 벼 294개 유전자원 핵심집단을 대상으로 벼의 지엽각 특성에 대한 조사를 수행하였고, GWAS를 이용하여 지엽각 연관 유전자를 추출 및 분석하였다. 표현형 데이터를 이용한 GWAS의 Manhattan plot 결과 분석을 통해, 각 집단에서 염색체를 대상으로 표현형과 통계적 유의성을 나타내 연관성을 보이는 SNP를 발굴하였다. 지엽각 관련 특성에 대하여 선행 연구된 QTL region과의 비교를 통하여 본 연구에서 발굴된 SNP간의 유의성을 조사한 결과, 지엽각과 유의성이 있는 SNP (S8-19815442)가 이미 확인된 QTL region에 위치하는 것으로 나타났으며, 후보유전자 Os08g31950 대해 연관 유전자 변이를 관찰하기 위해서 형질 특이적 품종군 간의 염기서열을 비교한 결과 1개의 지역에서 단일염기변이가 검출되었다. Os08g31950의 조직별 RNA의 상대적 발현량 수준을 비교한 결과, Os08g31950 유전자는 모든 조직에서 높은 발현량을 확인할 수 있었으며 조직별로 다양한 발현 양상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 모두 직립형 품종군에서 상대적으로 발현량이 높게 나타났으며 뿌리보다 잎에서의 발현율이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 동정된 지엽각 연관 후보유전자 Os08g31950는 벼 생육 및 수량 증대에 이용할 수 있는 마커제작 및 육종의 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

Roots play important roles in water and nutrient uptake and in response to various environmental stresses. Investigating diversification of cultivars through root phenotyping is important for crop improvement in adzuki beans. Therefore, we analyzed the morphological and architectural root traits of 22 adzuki bean cultivars using 2-dimensional (2D) root imaging. Plants were grown in plastic tubes [6 cm (diameter) × 40 cm (height)] in a greenhouse from July 25^th to August 28^th. When the plants reached the 2^nd or 3^rd trifoliate leaf stage, the roots were removed and washed with tap water to remove soil particles. Clean root samples were scanned, and the scanned images were analyzed using the WinRHIZO Pro software. The cultivars were analyzed based on six root phenotypes [total root length (TRL), surface area (SA), average diameter (AD), and number of tips (NT) were included as root morphological traits (RMT); and link average length (LAL) and link average diameter (LAD) were included as root architectural traits (RAT)]. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a significant difference was observed between the cultivars for all root morphological traits. Distribution analysis demonstrated that all root traits except LAL followed a normally distributed curve. In the correlation test, the most important morphological trait, TRL, showed a strong positive correlation with SA (r = 0.97^***) and NT (r = 0.94^***). In comparison, between RMT and RAT, TRL showed a significantly negative correlation with LAL (r = -0.50^***); however, TRL did not show a correlation with LAD. Based on RMT and RAT, we identified the cultivars that ranked 5% from the top and bottom. In particular, the cultivar "IT 236657" showed the highest TRL, SA, and NT, while the cultivar "IT 236169" showed the lowest values for TRL, SA, and NT. In addition, the coefficient of variance for the six tested root traits ranged from (14.26-40%) which suggested statistical variability in root phenotypes among the 22 adzuki bean varieties. Thus, this study will help to select target root traits for the adzuki bean breeding program in the future, generating climate-resilient adzuki beans, especially for drought stress, and may be useful for developing biotic and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivars based on better root trait attributes.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.812-819
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• 2015

Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world floral market and is highly attractive to consumers. The production of poor-quality gladiolus spikes is one of the most important hurdles to obtaining high prices for this crop. The main objectives of this study were to improve the quantitative characteristics of gladiolus spikes, to increase propagule production and to enhance chemical constituent levels in leaves to help improve plant growth. We performed foliar application of bioregulators, including polyamines (putrescine and spermine) and vitamins (ascorbic acid and thiamine), at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 mM) to gladiolus plants at the three leaf, five leaf and slipping stages. Application of 1 mM putrescine was the most effective treatment, with prominent effects on economically important spike traits including spike length (55.53 cm), spike diameter (7.53 mm), florets per spike (13.99), first floret diameter (9.66 cm) and first floret weight (4.90 g), followed by spermine treatment. The 1 mM putrescine treatment also had positive effects on corm-associated traits including corm diameter and corm weight, with values of 4.57 cm and 26.16 g compared to 3.47 cm and 17.16 g in control plants, respectively. The contents of chemical constituents in leaves, including total chlorophylls ($8.06mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total carotenoids ($1.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total soluble sugars ($4.75 mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and phenolics ($0.89mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) increased in response to foliar application of 1 mM putrescine compared to the control. Ascorbic acid and thiamine also had positive effects on various plant morphological traits and chemical constituents in leaves compared to control plants, but the growth-promoting effects of polyamines were more pronounced. Hence, applying polyamines to gladiolus leaves will help improve spike production and increasing propagule (cormel) yields.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

홍도고들빼기는 이전 연구에서 형태적 특성과 지리적 분포를 바탕으로 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 잡종인 Crepidiastrum ×muratagenii로 제안된 바 있지만, 이에 대한 분자적 증거를 제시하지 못하였다. 본 연구는 홍도고들빼기의 잡종 기원을 밝히기 위하여 홍도고들빼기와 그 근연종의 추가적인 형태적 형질을 관찰하였으며, 핵리보솜 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 구간과 엽록체 구간(trnT-L, trnL-F, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron)의 염기서열을 비교·분석하였다. 형태적 특성을 검토한 결과, 잡종형은 생육형, 줄기잎, 외총포편, 수과의 특성을 바탕으로 세 가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 분자 분석 결과, Type 1형과 Type 2형은 ITS 구간의 종식 별부위에서 혼성화가 관찰되었으며, 엽록체 구간에서는 Type 1형은 이고들빼기, Type 2형은 갯고들빼기 서열이 각각 관찰되었다. Type 3형은 ITS와 엽록체 구간 모두 이고들빼기와 동일한 서열을 보였다. Type 1형과 Type 2형은 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 형태가 혼합되어 나타날 뿐 아니라, 분자 분석에서도 절영풀이 아닌, 갯고들빼기와 이고들빼기의 종식별부위에서 혼성화가 관찰되어 이고들빼기와 갯고들빼기의 잡종임을 지지하였다. 그러나 Type 3형은 형태적 형질이 다른 잡종형과 유사하나 외총포편이 이고들빼기와 유사한 점에서 구분되며, 분자 분석에서도 이고들빼기 서열과 동일하여, 이고들빼기의 생태변이로 판단되었다.