• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to examine estimates of heterosis, degree of dominance, heritability and phenotypic and genotypic correlation for several mutant characters in flue-cured tobacco variety. Significant heterosis was noted, recording 2.73 and 6.16% for leaf width, -6.86 and -4.72 for leaf shape index, 19.8 and 23.4% for bacterial wilt disease index in Fl an4 F2 generation, respectively, and -1.44 for days to flower in F2 generation. And also leaf width was appeared partial dominance in Fl, and leaf shape index in Fl and F2, Leaf width in F2 was appeared overdominance. Estimated heritabilities in the broad sense ranged from 0.77 to 0.87 for plant and stalk height and days to flower, while those of leaf number, leaf length and width, leaf shape index and bacterial wilt disease index ranged from 0.50 to 0.65. And the heritabilities in the narrow sense were appeared 0.64 and 0.72 for stalk and plant height, respectively, and the others were ranged from 0.32 to 0.47 Positive genotpic correlations appeared among plant height, stalk height, leaf length and leaf width, and between leaf shape index ands day to flower. And negative genotypic correlations appeared between leaf shape index and plant height and stalk height and leaf width, and between bacterial wilt disease index and leaf length.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2003

The morphology of the leaves and the flowers of angiosperms exhibit remarkable diversity. One of the factors showing the greatest variability of leaf organs is the leaf index, namely, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width. In some cases, different varieties of a single species or closely related species can be distinguished by differences in leaf index. To some extent, the leaf index reflects the morphological adaptation of leaves to a particular environment. In addition, the growth of leaf organs is dependent on the extent of the expansion of leaf cells and on cell proliferation in the cellular level. The rates of the division and enlargement of leaf cells at each stage contribute to the final shape of the leaf, and play important roles throughout leaf development. Thus, the control of leaf shape is related to the control of the shape of cells and the size of cells within the leaf. The shape of flower also reflects the shape of leaf, since floral organs are thought to be a derivative of leaf organs. No good tools have been available for studies of the mechanisms that underlie such biodiversity. However, we have recently obtained some information about molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis as a result of studies of leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a homolog of animal CtBP genes, controls leaf width. AN appears to regulate the polar elongation of leaf cells via control of the arrangement of cortical microtubules. By contrast, the ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene controls leaf length via the biosynthesis of steroid(s). We provide here an overview of the biodiversity exhibited by the leaf index of angiosperms. Taken together, we can discuss on the possibility of the control of the shapes and size of plant organs by transgenic approaches with the results from basic researches. For example, transgenic plants that overexpressed a wildtype ROT3 gene had longer leaves than parent plants, without any changes in leaf width. Thus, The genes for leaf growth and development, such as ROT3 gene, should be useful tools for the biodesign of plant organs.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The morphology of the leaves and the flowers of angiosperms exhibit remarkable diversity. One of the factors showing the greatest variability of leaf organs is the leaf index, namely, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width. In some cases, different varieties of a single species or closely related species can be distinguished by differences in leaf index. To some extent, the leaf index reflects the morphological adaptation of leaves to a particular environment. In addition, the growth of leaf organs is dependent on the extent of the expansion of leaf cells and on cell proliferation in the cellular level. The rates of the division and enlargement of leaf cells at each stage contribute to the final shape of the leaf, and play important roles throughout leaf development. Thus, the control of leaf shape is related to the control of the shape of cells and the size of cells within the leaf. The shape of flower also reflects the shape of leaf, since floral organs are thought to be a derivative of leaf organs. No good tools have been available for studies of the mechanisms that underlie such biodiversity. However, we have recently obtained some information about molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis as a result of studies of leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. For example, the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a homolog of animal CtBP genes, controls leaf width. AN appears to regulate the polar elongation of leaf cells via control of the arrangement of cortical microtubules. By contrast, the ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene controls leaf length via the biosynthesis of steroid(s). We provide here an overview of the biodiversity exhibited by the leaf index of angiosperms. Taken together, we can discuss on the possibility of the control of the shapes and size of plant organs by transgenic approaches with the results from basic researches. For example, transgenic plants that overexpressed a wild-type ROT3 gene had longer leaves than parent plants, without any changes in leaf width. Thus, The genes for leaf growth and development, such as ROT3 gene, should be useful tools for the biodesign of plant organs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2002

Mulberry being the only food of silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is of great economic importance to the silk industry, The success in cocoon production mainly depends on the supply of quality leaves in sufficient quantity. In mulberry, where the economic product is leaf, the uptake of nitrogen from soil is very heavy and high responses to application of nutrients have been reported. Nitrogen supports vegetative growth particularly the leaf biomass. Variation in nitrogen harvest index and other physiological and yield contributing traits were estimated in five mulberry genotypes. Considerable variation was observed for nitrogen harvest index, protein yield per plant and harvest index. The correlation studies indicated the protein yield per plant was significantly correlated with leaf yield, nitrogen content in leaf, nitrogen harvest index and harvest index. The broad sense heritability estimates revealed that harvest index showed highest heritability (88.07%) followed by nitrogen content (82.52%), protein yield (70.28%) and nitrogen harvest index (66.52%).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

식물 잎의 발달과정에서 heteroblasty는 외부 환경에 대한 식물의 형태적 적응 방법을 매우 잘 반영하며 이에 따른 변화는 기관의 최종 형태와 크기에 영향을 미친다. Heteroblasty를 나타내는 인자 중에서 leaf index는 단엽식물의 잎의 최종 모양과 크기를 나타내는 대표적인 인자이다. Leaf index는 결국 잎몸에서의 세포 증식과 세포 신장의 두 요인에 의해 결정된다. 비록 세포의 증식과 신장을 조절하는 유전자와 조절 기작들이 연구되고 있으나 큰 청사진을 제시하기에는 아직 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 발달과정 중 잎의 leaf index 조절에 관여하는 유전자를 밝히고 그 조절 기작을 알아내기 위하여 애기장대 돌연변이체를 이용한 분자유전학적, 생리학적인 실험을 수행하였다. 잎과 잎 세포가 커지는 돌연변이체인 macrophylla (mac)를 선발하여 잎의 확장과정과 leaf index의 이상으로 인해 잎 기관의 모양뿐 만 아니라 heteroblasty에 변화가 발생했다는 사실을 밝혀냈다. 또한 이 돌연변이체는 기존에 알려진 ROTUNDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) 유전자의 점 돌연변이에 의해 일어났다고 판명되었고 mac/rot3-5로 명명되었다. 브라시노스테로이드 처리로 인해 ROT3 유전자의 발현이 음성 되먹임 저해를 받는 것으로 보아 ROT3 유전자가 브라시노스테로이드 생합성에 관여함을 제시하였다. 또한 암상태에서 ROT3 유전자의 발현이 증가하며, mac/rot3-5 돌연변이체가 야생형보다 암반응이 약하게 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 본 논문은 ROT3 유전자가 잎의 확장과정에서 잎의 leaf index 조절과 고유한 heteroblasty의 정립에 중요한 역할을 수행하며, 브라시노스테로이드 호르몬의 조절을 통하여 음지회피성과 같은 환경조절반응을 수행하고 있다는 새로운 사실을 제시하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2004

목적: Leaf width가 다른 다엽 콜리메터(MLCs)를 이용, 두개내 병변에 관하여 각각의 세기조절방사선치료(IMRT) 계획을 수립하여, 이를 선량학적으로 비교하였다. 재료 및 방법: BrainSCAN ver. 5.2. 소프트웨어를 사용하여 micro-MLC로 이미 치료가 수행된 12명의 환자를 Varian사의 120 MLC와 80 MLC로 다시 치료계획하였으며 이 다엽 콜리메터들은 중심에서의 leaf width가 각각 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm이다. 이 때, 계획용 표적체적은 3.3～339.2 cc였고, 조사된 빔의 수는 3～7개이다. 이들을 uniformity Index, conformity index, 결정장기와 정상조직 내 선량으로 서로 비교하였다. 결과: 계획용 표적체적의 uniformity Index경우, mMLCs와 120 MLCs 사이에서 (p=0.057) 120 MLCs와 80 MLCs 사이에서(p=0.388) 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 그러나 mMLCs와 80 MLCs 사이에서 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 계획용 표적체적에 대한 최대 목표선량은 leaf width와 연관성이 없었다. 반면에, conformity Index의 경우는 mMLCs와 120 MLCs (p=0.003), mMLCs와 80 MLCs (p=0.003), 50 MLCs와 120 MLCs (p=0.003) 사이에서 통계적인 차이를 보였다. 처방선량의 70%와 50% 이상 조사되는 뇌간의 부피는 다엽 콜리메터의 leaf width가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 특히, leaf width의 변화에 따라 방사선에 조사되는 정상 뇌조직의 부피가 분명하게 변하였다. Leaf width가 3 mm인 다엽 콜리메터와 비교하였을 때, leaf width가 5 mm, 10 mm인 다엽 콜리메터의 부피 증가는 처방선량의 50% 이상 조사되는 정상조직의 경우, 각각 6.3%, 23.2%였고, 처방선량의 70% 이상 조사되는 정상조직의 경우, 각각 8.7%, 32.7%였다. 결론: 계획용 표적체적의 uniformity Index와 최대 목표선량은 leaf width와 연관성이 없었다. 그렇지만 conformity Index 는 leaf width가 감소함에 따라 향상되었다. 두개내 병변 치료시, 정상 뇌조직의 보존에 있어 leaf width 5 mm, 10 mm인 다엽 콜리메터를 이용한 치료계획보다 leaf width 3 mm인 다엽 콜리메터를 이용한 치료계획이 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2006

Rot 3 유전자로 형질전환된 들깨를 이용하여 aromatic compounds, brightness, 안토시아닌 함량, leaf index를 조사하여 모본과의 품질적인 차이가 있는가를 조사하여 형질전환체의 안정성을 확보하기 위한 연구이다. Rot 3 유전자는 T1 과T2 세대에서 유전자발현이 되었으며, 형질전환이 확인된 개체는 주요 농업형질이 형질전환 되지 않은 들깨와는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 aromatic compounds와 leaf brightness도 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 leaf index는 유전자의 표현을 나타내어 형질전환체와 형질전환되지 않은 들깨잎의 모양은 차이가 나타났다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2004년도 제29회 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.126-129
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• 2004

Leaf width가 다른 다엽 콜리메터 (MLCs)를 이용한 강도변조 방사선 치료 (IMRT)계획을 비교하였다. micro-MLCs를 사용하여 이미 시행된 12 case를 Varian사의 120 MLC와 80 MLC를 사용하여 다시 치료계획 하였다. 이들 콜리메터는 중심에서의 leaf width가 각각 3 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm이다. 이 치료계획들을 uniformity index, conformity Index, 정상조직 내선량으로 서로 비교하였다. PTV의 uniformity Index경우, mMLCs와 120 MLCs가 통계적으로 차이가 없었다 (p = 0.06). 그러나 mMLCs와80 MLCs는 통계적으로 약간의 차이를 보였다 (p = 0.001). PTV에 대한 최대목표선량은 leaf width와 연관성이 없었다. conformity index의 경우, mMLCs와 120 MLCs (p = 0.003)에서, mMLCs와 80 MLCs (p = 0.003)에서 통계적인 차이를 보였다. leaf width의 변화에 따라 방사선에 조사되는 정상조직의 부피를 비교하였고, leaf width가 3mm인 경우 정상조직 보존에 보다 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1991

In order to know the optimum planting density under shading structures at different light intensity, We investigated the growth status, distribution of ginseng leaf area, correlation between planting density and root weight per plant and yield, correlation between leaf area index and root weight per plant and yield. According to the increase of planting density the leaf area per plant was decreased, but leaf area index (L.A.I) was increased. Ginseng leaf population at different lines under common straw shading were distributed mainly in frost lines but polyethylene net shading at 10fo light intensity were distributed equally in all lines. Optimum planting density in common straw shading at 5% light intensity was 55 plant per tan (90 cmX180 cm) and polyethylene net shading 81 10% light intensity was 60 plant per tan, in consideration of root weight and yield. Optimum leaf area index was 2.4 under common straw shading at 5% light intensity but was 2.7 under polyethylene net shading at 10% light intensity.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 1992

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of leaf loading quantity and circulating air volume during bulk curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows : 1. The content of sugar in cured leaves was decreased with more circulating air volume and leaf loading quantity at bulk curing. 2. Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were decreased with less circulating air volume and more leaf loading quantity, while amino nitrogen was increased. 3. The contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid were increased with more leaf loading quantity and oxalic acid and citric acid had a tendency of being increased in case of high circulating air volume. 4. In general, major aromatic compounds were increased through flue-curing. Relatively high content of solanone in case of lower air volume and less leaf loading were observed, while megastig matrienone was increased when leaf loading was small. 5. The more circulation air volume with leaf loading quantity caused lowering equilibrium moisture content and higher shatter index, which resulted in poor quality of cured leaves based on quality index, nitrogen number, taste index phillips index, and sugar-nicotine ratio.