• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2009

지상원격탐사 센서를 이용한 황색종의 적숙엽 판단기준을 평가하기 위하여 성숙기에 중엽과 상엽부위에 대하여 수확엽의 녹색도를 5개 수준으로 구분하여 여러 가지 센서지표들의 상호관계를 평가하였다. 건조엽의 색 특성은 색차계(Colorimeter, CR-300)를 이용하여 L, a, b값을 측정하였고 건조엽의 청색도는 육안관찰에 의한 분포정도를 수치화하여 비교 검토하였다. 수확엽의 녹색도에 따른 반사율은 550nm와 675nm에서 녹색도가 증가할수록 감소되는 특성을 보였다. 건조엽의 반사율은 미숙된 엽이 건조된 후 녹색이 잔류되었기 때문에 미숙엽의 675nm 반사율이 더 낮아졌다. 그 결과 동일한 엽위에서 생엽과 건조엽의 반사율지표는 직선적인 정의 상관을 보였다. 또한 건조엽의 청색도는 모든 센서지표들과 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보였고 명도를 나타내는 색차계 L값은 센서지표들과 유의성 있는 부의 상관을 보였다. 따라서 건조엽의 청색도로 평가된 센서 종류별 적숙엽의 기준은 엽록소 측정치 SPAD 값은 22 이하, 엽록소 측정치 CM-1000 값은 135 이하, 그리고 원격탐사센서 Crop Circle의 gNDVI 값은 0.43 이하로 평가되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

This research was conducted to compare the dry matter production and the yield productivity among nine soybean cultivars by measuring the photosynthetic ability of the middle and lower leaves at the flowering and the seed development stages. The leaf greenness(SPAD value) were ranged as 32-42 at the flowering stage. Also, They were ranged as 25-40 and 38-51 at the fifth leaf and the seventh leaf, respectively. The photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage showed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and the photosynthetic ability at the seed development stage showed higher difference among cultivars than the flowering stage. The variation of the photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage also was significant among cultivars. The light saturation point at the flowering stage was about 1500 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR, and the seed development stage was about 1000 $\mu$mol $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ PAR. The photosynthesis showed the high negative correlation with the leaf area and the positive correlation with the leaf area ratio. Also, photosynthesis at seed development stage showed positive correlation with grain yields but there was not significant between photosynthesis and yields at flowering stage..

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2017

Treatment of food waste is becoming a big issue due to their significant quantities. Composting could be an effective alternative for food waste management which could be used as soil conditioner or fertilizer with little concerns about heavy metals and pathogens. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of food waste on Chinese cabbage growth and soil properties. 9 different treatments (two livestock manures, two food wastes, two livestock manures + chemical fertilizer, two food wastes + chemical fertilizer, and control) were applied to Chinese cabbage. All treatments were carried out in 3 replicates. We measured leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf greenness of Chinese cabbage. Treatment of one of food waste composts significantly increased leaf length and leaf width of Chinese cabbage by 28.6, 26.6, 67.7, and 59.9%, respectively, in comparison to those of control, while no significant differences for leaf greenness were shown. Application of food waste compost resulted in significant increase of EC, available $P_2O_5$, CEC, organic matter, and exchangeable cations. However, further researches are needed to reduce NaCl content of food waste.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2014

Loss of chlorophyll is the visible symptom of leaf senescence and staygreen refers to the delayed leaf senescence in plants. The staygreen gene (SGR) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been identified as its mutation maintains greenness during leaf senescence, and encodes a chloroplast protein required for the initiation of chlorophyll breakdown in plants. In this study, we isolated a rice SGR-homologous gene in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), and transgenic creeping bentgrass plants were obtained by introducing pCAMBIA3301 vector harboring antisense SGR gene under control of the senescence-specific SAG12 promoter. Transgenic plants were selected by herbicide resistance assays and genomic integration of the transgenes was confirmed by PCR analysis. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the staygreen phenotype of the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants with decreased chlorophyll loss during leaf senescence. These results suggest that the antisense SGR expression in creeping bentgrass delays leaf senescence, which provides a way to develop genetically engineered turfgrass varieties with the commercially useful staygreen trait.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2000

Differences in physiological and biochemical responses between sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to ozone were investigated to develop reliable indications of early ozone damage. Three Korean local rice cultivars -sen-sitive cultivar Dongjin (DJ), moderately tolerant cultivar Hwayeong (HY) and tolerant cultivar Ilmee (IM) were exposed to ozone at the concentrations of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ or 200 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ , 8 h per day for 10 days in a controlled-environment fumigation chamber. The rice cultivars seemed to be endurable to ozone stress at the concentration of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ which is frequently monitored during the growing season in summer. However, severe damage was induced and differential sensitivity was clearly noted among the rice cultivars at the higher ozone concentration. Activation of the glutathion (GR) -ascorbate peroxidase (APX) cycle was likely to be responsible for protection of rice plants against ozone exposure, relating difference in sensitivity of rice cultivars to ozone. Photosynthetic activity appeared to be one of sensitive responses, for which chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf greenness can together provide a very reliable index, a degree of photosynthetic damages by ozone. Formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also considered as an indication that can differentiate cultivars sensitivity to ozone. However, the changes in polyamines and total phenolics were not consistent with exposed ozone concentrations and/or ozone sensitivity of the cultivars. The behavior of polyamines and phenolics in the damaged plants at high ozone levels could be interpreted as an indication of ozone injury rather than activation of additional protection mechanisms scavenging active oxygen species formed by ozone. Several responses triggered by ozone could explain the differential sensitivity of the rice cultivars and be used as reliable indications of relative ozone damage to rice plant.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2002

엽록도(SPAD-502)에 따른 엽록소와 질소농도의 관계를 구명하여 벼 재배기술 개발 및 품종육성의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 2001년 작물 시험장 벼 재배 포장에서 화성벼와 광안벼를 이용하여 실험 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 염록도(SPAD값)는 표준시비량(11kg/10a)에서 이앙 이후부터 출수기까지 화성벼가 광안벼보다 1.2-4.4가 낮았다. 2. 엽록소 a함량과 SPAD값은 품종 구분 없이 정의 상관관계로서 엽록소 a 함량(y)은 SPAD값(x)과 y=0.9582x-6.9078 ($R^2$= 0.4307$^{**}$ )의 관계가 성립되었다. 3. 광안벼와 화성벼 지엽의 엽록소 함량은 유의하게 차이가 인정되었으나 엽록소 b의 함량은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 총엽록소 함량에 대한 엽록소 b의 비율은 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 4. SPAD값과 엽록소 함량의 상관관계는 엽록소 a는 화성벼는 0.616$^{**}$ , 광안벼는 0.536$^{**}$ 으로 두 품종 모두 정의 상관이 인정되었으나, 엽록소 b는 화성벼는 0.298, 광안벼는 0.549$^{**}$ 로 광안벼만이 인정되어 품종에 따른 차이가 있었으며, 전체 엽록소 함량은 화성벼는 0.541$^{**}$ 광안벼는 0.596$^{**}$ 로 정의 상관이 있었다. 5. SPAD 값과 질소농도의 상관관계는 화성벼는 0.608$^{**}$ , 광안벼는 0.685$^{**}$ 로 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 그러나 동일 처리의 시험에서도 품종간 SPAD값과 엽록소함량 및 질소농도의 관계가 다르게 나타나므로 SPAD값을 이용하여 엽록소 함량과 질소농도를 추정하는 것은 한계가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1998

Direct-seeding has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating preparation of seed bed and transplanting. But, it required increased input of fertilizers and pesticides because of the extended paddy period. Direct seeding in wet paddy (DSWP) gives faster growth and more uniform seedling emergence than direct-seeding in dry paddy. This research had an objective to develop an efficient N management practices for DSWP with split application of N fertilizer. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of starter N and N-topdressing which was delayed N application until 5-leaf stage, with comparison to transplanting (TP). Total amount of N application were two levels; 110kg and 77kg/ha. The N applications were split four times during rice growth stages; starter, topdressing at 5-leaf stage, top dressing at tillering stage, and topdressing at panicle initiation stage. DSWP had more tillers/$m^2$ than TP, but with the delayed heading. The DSWP plots which received N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage without starter N had higher leaf area index (LAI) and leaf greenness than the TP plot. Also, these DSWP plots had high leaf-N concentration at the heading stage, as calculated from leaf chlorophyll meter readings. Rice yield in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage was significantly higher than that in TP and in DSWP with starter N. Energy and N use efficiency were improved in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage. But, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the two levels of total amounts of N applications, 77kg and 110kg/ha. We concluded that starter N could not be used effectively by rice seedlings, but topdressing N at 5-leaf stage was an efficient N management for rice growth and yield in DSWP system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 1994

제망 및 적엽에 의한 망과 엽위별 엽신의 생산효율을 검토하고자 특성이 상이한 올보리, 강보리 및 수원18호를 공시하여 시험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 천립중, 및 등숙률에 대한 망과 엽신의 역할은 품종간 차이가 인정되어 올보리와 강보리는 적엽보다 제망의 영향이 켰으나 수원18호는 엽의 역할이 더 컸다. 2. 엽신의 엽록소 및 질소함량도 품종간 차이가 있어 올보리에서 가장 높았으며 지속기간도 길었고 엽위별로는 상위엽일수록 높았다. 3. 엽위별 엽신의 질소함량보다 엽록소 함량의 차이가 더 컸으며 등숙이 진전됨에 따라 엽록소 함량의 일실속도가 질소 함량보다 빠르게 진행 되었다. 4. 동화기관별 종실중에 대한 기여도는 간과 엽초에서 79.2∼81.4%로 품종간 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 망은 올보리와 강보리가 11.6∼13.8%, 수원18호는 5.4%, 엽신은 각각 4.8∼8.1%, 15.4%로 망과 엽신에서는 품종간 차이가 인정되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2015

To develop a color stable and fine bamboo leaf powder (BLP) as a functional green biomaterial, bamboo leaf (BL) purchased from Sasa borealis and cultivated in Damyang, Jeonnam was treated with different conditions and BLP was evaluated. The four treatments comprised of boiling in water, in zinc chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and vinegar solutions, BLP4 was treated with 2% $ZnCl_2$ for 1 h, BLP5 was treated with 1% $ZnCl_2$ for 2 h, and BLP6 was treated with 1% $ZnCl_2+10%$ NaCl for 1 h. The particle size distribution, ash content, water binding capacity, and color change after heating in acidic solution were compared to commercial fine green tea (GTP) and bamboo leaf powders (CBLP). The particle size (cumulative 90%) of BLP was finest in BLP4 followed by BLP6 < BLP5 < GTP < CBLP. The water binding capacity of GTP was the highest and that of BLP was negatively correlated with particle size. After heating in acidic solution, the color of commercial GTP and CBLP changed from bright green to olive green, but the treated BLPs remained bright green. Especially, the -a (greenness) values for the commercial powders decreased from 11.2-13.6 to 3.1-3.8, while those of the treated BLPs did not change.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2003

고품질 쌀을 생산하기 위하여 엽록소계를 이용하여 질소비료 사용방법을 개선코자 2001년부터 2년 동안 경상남도농업기술원에서 수행한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 최고분얼기 벼 엽색과 식물체 질소함량과는 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다. 나. 벼 생육에 따라 엽색은 개략적인 M자 모양을 나타내었으며, 출수후 20일경부터 급격히 열어졌다. 다. 질소시비량이 증가할수록 엽색은 짙어졌으며, 보통답보다 미숙답에서 시비량간 엽색의 차이는 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 라. 최고수량을 나타내는 SPAD$\times$경수 값을 보면 보통답은 888, 미숙답은 800이었으며, 이 값을 기준으로 이보다 높거나 낮을 경우 질소 비료량을 가감할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 마, 시험에 사용된 26품종 중에서 이삭거름 주는 시기에 엽색이 짙은 벼 품종은 흑향벼, 진품벼, 안성벼, 소비벼, 만풍벼, 상미벼, 진봉벼이었고, 옅은 품종은 농호벼, 새추청벼, 화봉벼, 만안벼이었으며, 그 외 품종은 중간정도의 엽색을 나타내었다.