• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 1990

Callus-inducing ability of Alnus hirsuta was examined by culturing various tissues (leaf, hypocotyl, cotyledon and seed) on NT (Nagata & Takebe) medium, supplemented with 2.5$\mu$M 2,4-D. Leaf-originated callus was cultured on media varying in auxin (IBA and NAA) and cytokinin (BAP) concentrations to examine the effects of auxin and cytokinin on callus growth. Maximum growth was obtained at 10 $\mu$M IBA+10$\mu$M BAP and 10$\mu$M NAA without cytokinin. Cell suspensions established from cotyledon-originated callus yielded viable protoplasts after incubation for 16-18 hours in an enzyme mixture (1% (w/v) Onozuka R-10 0.5% (w/v) Macerozyme, CPW salts and 13% (w/v) mannitol, pH 5.8). Protoplasts were cultured on NT medium, supplemented with glucose, hormones and coconut milk. After 6 weeks of culture, protoplasts sustained cell divisions to form microcallus, which showed various colors from red to white.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1990

New methods have been developed to transform Panax ginseng with Ri plasmids of Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 and A. rhizogenes A4. Modified leaf disc method was made feasible to establish hairy root culture even when an axonic plantlet was not available as in the case of P. ginseng. The contents of ginsenosides (Rgl, Rf, Rc, Rbl, and Rb2) in hairy roots. were determined by HPLC. Hairy root cultures, established as liquid culture in MS medium, was produced 0.34~1.19% ginsenosides on dry weight basis, and this result is significantly higher level than that of normal P. ginseng.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

This study was conducted to obtain the basic breeding information of Colocasia esculenta Schott. Effect of supplemental plant growth regulators and genotype difference were investigated on dormant bud tissue for proliferation. The plant regeneration ratio, plant height and root length were the best upon mixed treatment of 0.8mg/L IAA and 2.0mg/L zeatin. Both leaf weight and root weight were heavy upon culture in a dark condition. The leaf and root weights were heaviest in 6Pie sucrose concentrations. In several collected area the heaviest one was Binnangxin and then in the order of Suwon, Wanju and Puan. Genotype differences of tuber diameter and tuber weight were found in Suwon. Tuber weight was found in the order of Suwon (862mg) >Wanju(723mg) >Puan(649mg) >Binnangxin (424mg).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-180
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• 1982

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici was first isolated from rice in 1981. Sheath rot of rice seedling in box culture for machine transplanting was produced by artificial inoculation of the causal organism. Especially sheath rot was developed from crown to leaf sheath above water level. Perithecia were usually formed in dead leaf sheaths and in PDA culture. They were black, globose, and immersed with obliquely erumpent neck. Asci were unitunicate with an apical ring and contained 8 spores. Ascospores were hyline, slender, $80{\sim}140\;um$ in length. Each spore showed $3{\sim}4\;septa.$ Based on morphological and cultura characteristics, the isolate from seeds was identified as Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier tritici J. Walker.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2009

The compost leachate was dark-colored solution that leaches out of the bottom of the compost pile. The compost leachate was rich in nutrients and can potentially used in plant culture. In the organic production, commercial liquid fertilizer was used to insure the availability of nutrients during the formation of the yield. The cost of supplemental liquid fertilizer could be reduced by developing a fertilizer based on animal fertilizer. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different combination of compost leachate and conventional inorganic solution in hydroponic culture for lettuce growth. Six different treatments were applied. The compost leachate(CL) and nutrient solution(NS) were mixed by six different mixing ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40%, 80:20 and 100%:0% based on nitrogen content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of leaf lettuce. The concentration of nutrient solution was adjusted 1.5 mS/cm in EC. The compost leachate was low in phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), but rich in potassium(K). The plant height of lettuce treated with CL 20+NS 80% was similar with 100% NS of control plot. Plant height was highest in the plot of CL 20+NS 80%. The treatment of 100% compost leachate was lowest in the growth characteristics of leaf lettuce. Number of leaf was very low in 100% compost leachate compared with plot of chemical nutrient solution. In the beginning of growth stage, SPAD value was reduced in plot treated with CL100%, but CL20+NS80% plot was higher compared to 100% compost leachate. SPAD value of leaf lettuce leaves was decreased as the amount of CL was increased. The dry weight of lettuce were 107.4, 104.2g in plot of NS 100% and CL 20%+NS80%, respectively. The leaf number and plant weight were decreased at high application plots of compost leachate. The leaf lettuce showed lowest in the plot treated with 100% compost leachate, and the growth of lettuce severely decreased after application of 100% CL treatment. The results showed that compost leachate can be use as liquid fertilizer for the organic hydroponic production. The mixture solution of 20% of compost leachate and 80% of nutrient solution could be used as a nutrition solution in hydroponic culture of leaf lettuce. Our studies have shown that is possible to produce using compost leachate, although growth is slower than when using a conventional inorganic hydroponic solution.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2015

To develop a technique for efficient management of fertility for cucumber in greenhouse, a quick test method to quantify nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) content in soil solution and leaf petiole juice using a simple instrument that are easy to use for farmers was investigated. N fertilizer (urea) was applied at 0, 50, 100 and 200% levels of the recommended application rate from 30 days after transplanting to harvest by soil fertigation treatments. Stable results were obtained from analysis of nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) using top $10^{th}$ or $11^{th}$ leaf petioles collected between 10 to 11 am in the morning. Under the semiforcing culture, $NO_3{^-}$ content of leaf petiole juice was highest at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) at all fertigation treatments. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$content of leaf petiole juice was $2,418{\pm}78{\sim}2,668{\pm}118$ at 45 DAT, $3,032{\pm}90{\sim}3,332{\pm}63$ at 60 DAT, $2,709{\pm}50{\sim}3,158{\pm}155$ at 75 DAT, $2,535{\pm}49{\sim}2,907{\pm}83$ at 90 DAT, and $2,242{\pm}48mg\;L^{-1}$ at 105 DAT. In addition, appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of soil solution was $167{\pm}9{\sim}212{\pm}15$ at 45 DAT, $83{\pm}10{\sim}112{\pm}12$ at 60 DAT, $49{\pm}3{\sim}92{\pm}6$ at 75 DAT, $71{\pm}9{\sim}103{\pm}9$ at 90 DAT, and $73{\pm}9mg\;L^{-1}$ at 105 DAT. The cucumber yield at 100% N level of fertigation was $7,770kg\;10a^{-1}$ and no difference in yield was found at 200% N level of fertigation. However, there was 12% decrease in yield at 50% N fertigation and, 17% decrease at 0% N fertigation. Under retarding culture, $NO_3{^-}$ concentration of leaf petiole juice was highest at 55 days after transplanting (DAT) at all fertigation treatments. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of leaf petiole juice was $2,464{\pm}102{\sim}2,651{\pm}33$ at 45 DAT, $3,025{\pm}71{\sim}3,314{\pm}84$ at 55 DAT and $2,488{\pm}92mg\;L^{-1}$ at 65 DAT, respectively. Appropriate $NO_3{^-}$ content of soil solution was $111{\pm}10{\sim}155{\pm}14$ at 45 DAT, $93{\pm}7{\sim}147{\pm}14$ at 55 DAT, $67{\pm}4mg\;L^{-1}$at 65 DAT, respectively. The cucumber yield at 50% N fertigation was not different from $1,697kg\;10a^{-1}$ of 100% N fertigation level and even with that of the 200% N fertigation. However, there was 21% decrease in yield at 0% N fertigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.164-164
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1986

In order to Characterizing the tea-culture of Korea, historical records for tea-culture of Korea, Japan and China were reviewed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. As for the type of tea through the history of Korea, it could be characterized as Cake-tea(餠茶) in Sam Kook dynasty, Iump-tea(硏膏茶) in Koryo dynasty and leaf tea(葉茶) in Chosun dynasty. Those were affected by Chinese and Japanese tea-culture. 2. Fashiono of tea-culture in Korea were unigue, imitative and reconstitutive. 3. It was concluded that the tea-culture in Korea might be established by the 'cult of tree' (樹木崇拜信仰) of Hwa Rang in Shilla dynasty.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidative activity of crackers made with a guava(Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf extract harvested in Korea. Guava leaf extraction using boiling water showed significantly higher antioxidative activities than extracting using 70% ethanol based on the higher total phenolic contents, FRAP, and ABTS assays(p<0.05). The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract, and 0.075% BHT were stored at $63^{\circ}C$ for 7 days for the Schaal oven test, and the oxidative stability(AV, POV), antioxidative activity(DPPH, FRAP, ABTS assay), and sensory evaluation were compared. The crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract were found to have a higher oxidative stability than the control due to a lower acid value and peroxide value after 7 days of storage. The antioxidative activities of the crackers containing 1% guava leaf extract was the highest after 7 days as determined in the DPPH and ABTS assay, and was lower than crackers containing 0.075% BHT after 4 days as assessed by the FRAP assay. In the sensory evaluation, the crackers containing the 1% guava leaf extract had the highest scores in terms of taste, texture, and overall palatability than others at increasing storage time. As a result, the addition of 1% guava leaf extract harvested in Korea increased the antioxidative effect as well as the sensory acceptability of crackers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2015

In this research, we surveyed the yield change of garlic cultivation with seed bulbs according to annual field culture after induced meristem culture. From 2007 to 2013, yearly produced seed bulbs from $2^{nd}$ to $8^{th}$ generation were cultivated in the Muan field. Over the generations, the general growth characteristics such as the plant height, leaf number, leaf length and stem diameter were all decreased. When we compared the conventional seed bulbs and TCR ones, the plant height and stem diameter showed bigger difference. And the TCR seed bulbs showed a week late harvest time against the conventional ones. The yield of $2^{nd}$ generation was 72.3 g and 57.1 g for the $8^{th}$ generation. However every generation showed higher yield than conventional seed garlic's ones as 43.9 g. The yield index showed the same trend as $2^{nd}-8^{th}$ to 63% to 21%. After the tissue culture of garlics, the viral infections (OYDV and GSV) of TCR was far less than that of conventional ones. In case of LYSV, the infection ratio was 6.7% at $2^{nd}$ generation and 26% at $8^{th}$. However, the ratio was far less than that (80%) of the conventional ones.