• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.38-53
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• 1998

This study quantified annual net carbon uptake by urban landscape trees and provided equations to estimate it for Ginkgo biloba, platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum, based on measurement of exchange rate for two years growing seasons from Sep., 1995 to Aug., 1997. The carbon uptake was significantly influenced by photosynthetic capacity, photon flux density and pruning. Ginkgo biloba showed the highest rate of net CO\sub 2\ uptake per unit leaf area and Acer palmatum did the lowest rate among those species. A tree shaded by adjacent building over the growing seasons showed net CO\sub2\ uptake per unit leaf area much lower than another tree of the same species less shaded. Annual net carbon uptake per tree was 19kg for Zelkova serrata, but only 1 kg for Ginkgo biloba and Platanus occidentalis with crown volume dwarfed from pruning. One Zekoval serrata tree annually offset carbon emission from consumption of about 32 liter of gasoline or 83 kWh of electricity. Strategies to improve CO\sub 2\ uptake by urban landscape trees include planting of species with high potosynthetic capacity, sunlight-guaranteed road and building layout for street trees, planting of shade-tolerant species in the north of buildings, and relocation of utility lines to underground and minimized pruning.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2018

Durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a major crop species cultivated for human consumption worldwide. In Tunisia, salt stress is one of the main problems that limit crop production. 'Mahmoudi' was selected as the most salt-sensitive out of 11 Tunisian durum cultivars. Using the salt-tolerant cultivar 'Om Rabia', resistant and susceptible cultivars were evaluated to compare genetic responses under salt stress. At the fully expanded third leaf stage, salt stress was applied by submerging the pots in 500 mM NaCl for 5 min every day for saline water irrigation in the greenhouse. The treatment was applied for 1 week and salt stress tolerance was determined by changes of growth parameters to the control condition. The salt tolerance trait index and salt tolerance index were calculated and used as selection criteria. The expression levels of TdHKT1;4, TdHKT1;5, and TdSOS1 were examined using qPCR. For further evaluation of physiological responses, salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was additionally applied for 48 h at the fully expanded third-leaf stage. Increased expression of the genes responsible for salt tolerance and proline content in tolerant durum can be used to broaden genetic diversity and provide genetic resources for the durum breeding program.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2024

Citrus cultivation plays a pivotal role, making a significant contribution to global fruit production and dietary consumption. Accurate identification of viral pathogens is imperative for the effective management of plant viral disease in citrus crops. High-throughput sequencing serves as an alternative approach, enabling comprehensive pathogen identification on a large scale without requiring pre-existing information. In this study, we employed HTS to investigate viral pathogens infecting citrus in three different regions of South Korea: Jejudo (Jeju), Wando-gun (Wando), and Dangjin-si (Dangjin). The results unveiled diverse viruses and viroids that exhibited regional variations. Notably, alongside the identification of well-known citrus viruses such as satsuma dwarf virus, citrus tatter leaf virus, and citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV), this study also uncovered several viruses and viroids previously unreported in Korean citrus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that majority of identified viruses exhibited the closest affilations with isolates from China or Japan. However, CLBV and citrus viroid-I-LSS displayed diverse phylogenetic positions, reflecting their regional origins. This study advances our understanding of citrus virome diversity and regional dynamics through HTS, emphasizing its potential in unraveling intricate viral pathogens in agriculture. Consequently, it significantly contributes to disease management strategies, ensuring the resilience of the citrus industry.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1499-1508
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• 2013

In the results of investigating the role of LED light quality in enhancing the ornamental value of indoor foliage plants, amber and red light increased plant height, leaf width, and leaf stalk, and the consequent tree shape decreased the ornamental value. The chlorophyll content increased significantly under white light and compound light. With regard to the effect of plant leaf color on ornamental value, the value of lightness was markedly enhanced by red light. As to the functionality of plants according to photosynthetic activity, plants such as Dieffenbachia, Clusia, and Dracaena were found favorable to those staying indoors for a longtime from morning to evening. Spathiphyllum, and Ficus were found to be recommendable for indoor spaces used actively during afternoon because their photosynthesis was activated in the afternoon. With regard to power consumption according to light quality, white light consumed 119 W/hour, around 45% lower than that of fluorescent lamps, so it is considered the optimal artificial light quality that can enhance energy efficiency. Red light consumed 72 W/hour, only 33% of that of fluorescent lamps, but it was not considered the optimal light quality because plant growth was poor under the light quality. White light and compound light were found to be the ideal light sources for improving the functionality and ornamental value of indoor plants and reducing the cost of maintenance, but because compound light hinders people from recognizing the original color of plants and makes their eyes easily tired, white light was considered the optimal light satisfying all of the ornamental value, economic efficiency and functionality resulting from plant growth.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

Shinseoncho and kale were divided into stem [shinseoncho stems (SS) and kale stems (KS)] and leaf parts [shinseoncho leaves (SL) and kale leaves (KL)] and made into green vegetable juices for analyses of nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities. Higher values of total acidity were observed in SL (0.736%) and KL (0.841%) than in SS (0.417%) and KS (0.335%) (p<0.05). Neutral sugar content showed higher values in SS (21.740 mg/mL) and SL (18.657 mg/mL) when compared with KS (1.497 mg/mL) and KL (1.452 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Protein content showed the highest value in SL (7.610 mg/mL) (p<0.05), while SS (0.403 mg/mL) and KS (0.403 mg/mL) showed similar lower values. Total polyphenol contents of SL (423.139 ${\mu}g/mL$) was significantly higher value (p<0.05) than those of other samples, which occurred in the following order: SL>KL (218.494 ${\mu}g/mL$) KS (107.269 ${\mu}g/mL$)>SS (75.894 ${\mu}g/mL$). KL exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (84.834%) (p<0.05), which occurred in the following order: KL>SL (63.473%)>KS (52.894%)>SS (35.443%). ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that SL (66.088%) and KL (38.511%) had higher scavenging activities, whereas SS (7.695%) and KS (9.609%) demonstrated to be lower activities (p<0.05). In general, leaf parts had much higher antioxidant activities as well as total polyphenol contents than those of the stem parts. In conclusion, shinseoncho and kale, particularly their leaf parts, offer antioxidant properties in green vegetable juices and the consumption of them may be beneficial as a nutrition source and in health protection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-308
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• 2016

This study investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PL), an ethanol extract of Citrus junos Sieb (CJS), and a PL-CJS mixture (MPC) on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to elucidate the mechanisms of biological activity of these substances using measurements of blood coagulation indices and lipid metabolism parameters. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD with PL (0.5% (w/w)), CJS (0.1% (w/w)), or MPC (PL 0.5%, CJS 0.1% (w/w)) for 10 weeks. In comparison with data obtained for mice in the untreated HFD group, consumption of MPC remarkably prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), whereas exposure to PL prolonged aPTT only. Lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol, and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, and decreased SREBP-1c gene expression were observed in mice that received PL and MPC supplements compared with the respective values detected in the untreated HFD animals. Our results indicate that PL and MPC may have beneficial effects on blood circulation and lipid metabolism in obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.250-255
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• 2003

To develop Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) for an available functional food, pharmacological experiments on the extracts of this plant were undertaken in the rat treated with streptozotocin, poloxamer-407 and $CCl_4$. The two MeOH extracts were obtained from the leaves and the bulbs, respectively. The three agents, streptozotocin, poloxamer-407 and $CCl_4$, were treated to induce diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hepatic injury, respectively. Treatment with the leaf extract lowered blood glucose by 24.9% at 200 mg/kg (p.o.) in the STZ-treated rat and prohibited the increase of body weight, water consumption and food intake. This exσact also significantly decreased not only thε plasma cholesterol and triglyceride in the poloxamer-407-treated rat by 35.3% but also serum ALT by 49.0%. The potency was found by overall estimation on the experimental results as followings: 200 mg/kg leaf extract> 200 mg/kg bulb extract> 100 mg/kg leaf exσact> 100 mg/kg bulb extract. These results suggested that this plant might have the availability for a functional food. It was also suggested that the leaves are more effective than the bulbs for the functional vegetable, especially in hyperlipidemia and hepatic injury.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.8-16
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• 1970

Exploitation of leaf protein concentrates for human consumption is very important. Leaf protein concentrates can be easily prepared by mechanically mincing leaves material and press it for getting the juice. Crude protein can be separated from the juice by aging, adjusting the pH, or heating to $75-80^{\circ}C$ etc. This report deals with the extractability of total-N from 69 species of fresh leaves by mechanical process, and then compared the recovery of leaf protein concentrates from leaf extracts by treating with TCA, pH adjustment and heating. Results are summarized as follows. 1. In general, the greater the content of total-N of leaves the greater the percentage extraction. Extraction of the juice from leaves is needed at least two times. The simple equations are constituted between the total-N (T; %) and the first and second extractability ($E_1,\;E_2;\;%$) of the total-N of leaves, as follows: $E_1=0.8168T\;E_2=0.1830T$ 2. The optimum pH value for coagulating protein from extracts is considered to be 3.5 to 4.5. However, the products of leaf protein concentrate by the pH adjustment of extracts are generally dull in color with rich elasticity. 3. Recoveries of the leaf protein concentrate from extracts by treating methods were in the following order of TCA treatment> pH 4 treatment> pH 3 treatment> heat treatment. The yield of leaf protein concentrates decreased bout 10% with pH 4 treatment, 11.4% with pH 3 treatment, and 14.8% with heat treatment compared with the TCA treatment. 4. The heat treatment is the most benifitial method for the production of leaf protein concentrates with regard to properties of texture, color and yield of products and easiness of the treatment method.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2023

This study aims to select eggplant cultivars adaptive to the hot temperature period greenhouse climate by water consumption, and growth performance of plants and fruits of different European eggplant cultivars, including 'Bartok (BA)', 'Bowie (BO)', 'Black Pearl (BP)', 'Ishbilia (I)', 'Mabel (M)', 'Vestale (VE)' and 'Velia (VL)', in substrate hydroponic cultivation under hot and humid greenhouse conditions. On the 118 DAT, the leaf number and stem dry weight were highest in 'VL', followed by 'M', and there was no significant difference in leaf dry weight among cultivars. The marketable fruit number per plant was 16.4 for 'M', which was higher than other cultivars, and 'VE' and 'VL' were 8.5 and 8.8, respectively. The weight per fruit was low for 'M' at 136 g, and the highest in 'VE' and 'VL' at 332 and 281 g, respectively. There was no significant difference in fruit production per plant. In this study, 'M', which has high water use efficiency and a large number of fruits, and 'VL', which required less quantity to water consumption for producing 200 g of fruit and had a high product weight, will have excellent adaptability in the UAE greenhouse condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.217-223
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• 1998

This study was performed to figure out water consumption of the twisted sweet pepper in a greenhouse. Obtained results are as follows; 1. The ambient temperature was nearly same as the normal year, while the average air temperature and the relative humidity in the green house were little bit higher than those of the outside condition. The transparency of the greenhouse roof was approximately 50%. The total amount of rainfall during the irrigation period was 1,040㎜ which is 350㎜ higher than 1997 during the same period. 2. In case of pot cultivation, as the saturation ratio was increased, the aeaf area and plant height and yield were also increased. The yield from the field cultivation was higher than the average yield from the pot cultivations which are treated by three levels of saturation ratio. 3. The variation of daily consumptive use of the twisted sweet pepper was very large in it's range. In case of the pot cultivation, as the saturation was increased, the daily and the total consumptive use were increased. 4. The daily consumptive use was strongly correlated with the ambient temperature, while it was weakly correlated with the relative humidity and solar radiation. 5. There were close correlation between plant environment; leaf area, plant height and yield, and consumptive use. As the saturation ratio was increased, the correlation between those plant factors and consumptive use was getting stronger.