• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.597-607
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• 1996

This study has been investigated the potenial of increased dietary cysteine to alter the effects of cadmium and lead on tissure and bone metal concentrations, excretion and tissue metallothionein(MT) concentrations. Fifty-four male rats of Sprgue-Dawley strain weighing 149$\pm$17g were divided into 9 groups according to body weight. Nine experimental diets with different cadmium (0ppm, 400ppm), lead(0ppm, 710ppm) and cysteine (0.06%, 0.45%, 0.90%) levels were given to rats for 30 days ; Food intake, weight gain, F.E.R, and weights of liver, kidney and femur were decreased in cadmium supplied groups than in cadmium free groups. Urinary and fecal cadmium excretions were increased and MT synthesis we induced in liver, kidney and small intestine in cadmium supplied groups. In lead supplied groups, weight gain and F.E.R were decreased. With cysteine supplementation in cadmium supplied groups, weight gain and F.E.R, and weights of liver, kidney and femur were increased. Cadmium excretion in feces and MT concentrations in liver and kidney were also increased with cysteine supplementation. In lead supplied groups, there was no significant increase in food intake, weight gain and F.E.R with cysteine supplementation. Lead excretion in feces was increased in cysteine supplemented groups. In conclusion, effect of cadmium administration was more toxic than lead adminstration. Cysteine alleviated cadmium and lead toxicity by increasing metallothionein concentration and fecal excretions of heavy metals. Especially, effect of cysteine supplementation was more effective in cadmium groups than in lead groups. Effect of cysteine supplementation was not different with level of cysteine supplementation in both cadmium and lead groups.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.7-23
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) on the lead poisoning in Wister female rats. All experimental rats except normal group were fed with diets formulated by adding BHA in a range of 0.1% to 3.2% and aqueous solution of 1% lead acetate ad libitum through the experimental period. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Lead sedimentation in kidney tissue was decreased with increasing experimental period and BHA level of lead plus BHA-treated groups in comparison with that of lead-treated control group. 2) The weights of lung, spleen and left/right (L/R) kidney were significantly decreased in comparison with those of lead-treated control group after 2 weeks of experimental period, but no difference was shown with those of normal group. 3) The weights of lung, spleen and L/R kidney were increased in lead-treated control group as compared with normal group after 2 weeks of experimental period, but no difference was shown with increasing experimental period. 4) Water intake was remarkably decreased in lead-treated control group as compared with normal group, but water intake by increasing BHA level of lead plus BHA-treated groups showed no significant difference from that of normal group. 5) These results suggest that BHA is effective for reducing the toxic effect of lead in rats.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1993

In order to survery the risk of air-borne lead to human, the relation between air-borne lead level and blood lead level was examined by using of the kinetic model and statistical model. The results of this survey were as follows: 1. The pathways of lead intake were food and water, mainly. 2. Though blood lead level of Korean urbanire was higher than that of American or Japanese, it was not so severe as to influence human health. 3. The lead content in food and water was high, and so it is needed to confirm the cause of high content was whether second contamination by air pollution or not.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

본 연구는 Pb중독이 rat의 생리현상에 미치는 영향을 구명 하고자 연속적 인 Pb acetate 투여가 사료와 물섭취량, 증체량, 혈액치 및 장기내 무기물 수준의 변동을 측정하였다. 1. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 사료섭취량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 용량이 증가할수록 사료섭 취 량은 유의 한 감소를 나타냈다. 2. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 음수량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 Pb 용량이 증가할수록 음수량은 감소하였다. 3. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 증체량은 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 수준을 나타냈으나 Pb용량이 증가할수록 증체량은 점차 감소하였다. 4. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 혈액치중 RBC, WBC 및 PLT치는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타냈고, Hb량과 PCV치는 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소를 나타냈다. 5. Pb acetate 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 간내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb 및 Zn의 잔류함량은 정상대조군에 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. Pb 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 신장내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn의 함량은 정상대주군에 비해 증가를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

Objectives: We wanted to evaluate the main route of exposure to lead and cadmium for the general population in Korea by using multi-route and multi-media exposure assessment Methods: Samples of air at the homes, samples of the food and water and peripheral blood samples were collected from thirty volunteers living in Seoul (the metropolitan area), Yong-in (the suburban area) and Ansan (the industrial area) in 2001. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods were used for the determination of the Pb and Cd levels in the air, food, water and blood samples. Results: The average intake of lead through the air, drinking water and food were $5.06{\mu}g/day\;(26.3%)\;0.002{\mu}g/day\;(0.1%),\;and\;16.4{\mu}g/day\;(73.6%)$, respectively. The average intake of cadmium through the air, drinking water and food were $0.082{\mu}g/day\;(0.9%),\;0.001{\mu}g/day\;(0.007%),\;and\;12.61 {\mu}g/day\;(99.0%)$, respectively. The blood lead level was statistically higher in the male subjects than in the female subjects (3.39 and $2.22{\mu}g/dl$, respectively), and only gender was a significant variable on the multiple regression analysis for blood lead. Conclusions: This study showed that the intake of lead and cadmium through food was the major route of exposure. A policy to reduce the pollutants according to the exposure routes should be established. However, more studies will be needed to support these data for the general population.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Automatic mesh generation procedures applied to industrial now problems lead to complex mesh topologies where usually no special considerations to mesh resolution are taken. In the present study a fast and flexible solution algorithm in combination with generalized higher order discretization schemes is presented and its application to intake port calculation is demonstrated.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anorexia, nausea, and vomiting (ANV) and food intake patterns in patients with cancer on chemotherapy. Method: Ninety-one patients from a university hospital in Seoul were recruited and were asked to record food intake and ANV during one cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Caloric and protein intake decreased significantly. The mean caloric intake was 808.75 Kcal (SD=177.54), 48.2% of the recommended intake and the mean of protein intake was 28.44 g (SD=16.44) only 34.7% of the recommended intake. The mean score for dietary diversity was 3.57 (SD=.73) indicating that the patients had taken 3 or more of the 5 food groups. ANV had a significant negative correlation with caloric and protein intake and dietary diversity ($r=-.29{\sim}-.56$, p<.05) and dietary diversity had a significant positive correlation with caloric and protein intake (r=.46 and .57, p=.000). Conclusion: Patients receiving chemotherapy had a very poor intake that could lead to malnutrition and a compromised immune system. These findings suggest the need to develop interventions that encourage for food intake.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.373-389
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate exposure level and risk of heavy metals in livestock foodstuffs and Korean foods. Based on the "Food Intake Data," a part of the 2005 National Health & Nutrition Survey and the "2005 Seasonal Nutrition Survey", 113 Korean foods items were selected. 3 samples from different manufacturers of each 113 items of Korean foods were purchased on summer and fall, so total 678 samples were used. The food groups were classified into 15 categories. For the livestock foodstuffs category, meats and poultry (chicken, pork, pork belly, beef, beef feet soup), milks and dairy products (milk, ice cream, liquid yoghourt, sherbet), eggs (egg) were selected. It was found that the daily amount of heavy metals intake (mg/person/day) from livestock foodstuffs is 0.00020 arsenic, 0.00000 cadmium, 0.00020 lead, and 0.00006 mercury, and the daily amount of heavy metals intake (mg/person/day) from Korean foods is 0.0265 arsenic, 0.0083 cadmium, 0.0067 lead, and 0.0028 mercury. Daily amount of heavy metals intake from livestock foodstuffs was low among the food groups. For risk assessment, PDI (Probable Daily Intake) was calculated and compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake) of JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive). Relative hazard of these livestock foodstuffs was 0.006% in arsenic, 0.000% in cadmium, 0.085% in lead, and 0.149% in mercury. Relative hazard of Korean foods was 0.941% in arsenic, 14.676% in cadmium, 3.319% in lead, and 6.860% in mercury. Thus, livestock foodstuffs and Korean foods were as safe as satisfied with the recommended standards of JECFA.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1984

The protective effects of high levels of dietary iron, copper, zinc or protein on lead toxicity were studied In chicks. Growth retardation, reduction of feed intake, anemia and accumulation of lead in the bone and kidney were observed in chicks fed a diet containing 500mg lead as chloride per kg of feed for 42 days. Early changes due to ingested lead were inhibition of red blood cell ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase at all doses and no effect of iron, copper, zinc or protein addition were observed. Tibia lead accumulation was reduced in chicks receiving additional dietary iron or zinc compared to the lead only group but increased in chicks given supplementary protein. Decreased body weight gain was overcome by supplementary zinc or protein in chicks fed lead but not by supplementary iron. Overall the results of this study show that lead poisoning can be partly reduced by providing supplementary iron, zinc or protein, but the interaction of these element remained to be elucidated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.225-236
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• 1987

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lead poisoning and different levels of dietary lipid on lead and lipid metabolism in the rats. Forty eight male weanling rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 73.1$\pm$11.1g were blocked into 6 groups according to body weight. Dietary lipid were given at the lev딘 of 5, 20 and 40% of total caloric intake and lead were either administered or not. The results obtained are summerized as follows ; 1) Food intake, weight gain, F.E.R. liver and epididymal. fat pad weights, weight and length of bone, hematocrit and hemoglobin content in Pb-adminstered groups were lower than these in Pb-free groups. 2) Plasma lipid and cholesterol levels were tended to be higher in Pb-administered groups than in Pb-free groups, while liver lipid and cholesterol levels were tended to be lower in Pb-adminstered groups. 3) Fecal dry matter excretion was tended to be higher in Pb-adminstered groups than in Pb-free groups, and were increased with increasing dietary lipid level. Daily fecal excretions of lipid and cholesterol were higher in high lipid groups than in low lipid groups and these levels were even higher in the animals exposed to Pb than in Pb-free groups. 4) Pb contents in blood, liver, kidney and bone were significantly higher in Pb administered groups than in Pb-free groups. Pb levels of blood, liver and bone did not show any significant difference among groups with different levels of dietary lipid, but Pb concentration in kidney of Pb-adminstered groups increased with increasing dietary lipid level.