• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-73
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• 2013

Objective : This study will analyze the constitution of Danxihuqianwan(丹溪虎潛丸) with the dragon-tiger and lead-mercury theory of Su Shi(蘇軾). It would help understand more the usage of Danxihuqianwan over the scope of Sa-nam and bo-buk(瀉南補北) theory that has been well known until now. Methods : This study tried to analyze the explanation about Danxihuqianwan in Yixuerumen(醫學入門) that had used the dragon-tiger and lead-mercury concept with the theory of this kind that appears in Sushenliangfang(蘇沈良方). Results & Conclusion: Based on the internal alchemy theory, Su Shi proclaimed that dragon[龍] corresponds to mercury[汞] Jeong(精) Hyul(血), and tiger[虎] corresponds to lead[鉛] Qi(氣). It is said to be in good position that dragon appears from fire and tiger is hidden in water. Su Shi also expalined the relation between dragon and tiger as the relation of water[水] and fire[火] between heart and kidney. As Li Yan(李梴) did, the dragon-tiger theory could be applied to the analysis about Danxihuqianwan, and it explains well the effect of this prescription that makes tiger hidden in water and thus help cure the diseases such as atrophy syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1987

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.217-221
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• 1984

In order to estimate interfering effects of mercury and lead on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), BOD in 18 effluent samples were measured under three different concentrations of mercury and lead. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) was decreased under the presence of mercury and lead, with parallel correlation of mercury concentration. 2. High correlations were noted between original BOD concentration and decreasing amount of BOD when concentrations of mercury or lead were increased. 3. When the lead concentration was high, the close correlation was observed between total organic carbon(TOC) and decreasing amount of BOD. 4. There was a negative correlation between TOC/BOD ratio and decreasing amount of BOD when the mercury concentrations were high.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 1962

Lead ion gives a well-defined wave with $E_{1/2}$=-0.57V(vs. S.C.E.) from a base electrolyte consisting of 0.1M TEA=0.5M$KNO_3$=0.0002% methl red. (pH 9.8).The reduction wave of lead is lead(II) to lead(0) and electrode reaction of this wave diffusion controlled.Its diffusion current constant is 2.45 and temperature coefficient of this wave is about 1.2%.Under above conditions, diffusion current is proportional to the concentration of lead in the range of $10^{-3}$ ~$10^{-4}$ M.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 1981

The conclutions arrived at as a result of experimental work are as follow; 1. The use of kerosene as a collector was found essential to produce a good recovery of chalcopyrite, galena and zincblende under the condition of high pH(below 2). 2. Temperature doesn't seemingly effect the flotation of chalcopyrite, galena and zincblende. 3. The minimum concentration of kerosene as a collecter was 26mg kerosene per liter of solution.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 1977

Motor vehicles are the major source of environmental air pollution through the combustion of lead-containing gasolines. People who live in the areas with heavy traffic usually have the higher blood lead levels. This study was to investigate the lead level between the maternal blood and their infants cord blood. Immediatly after Placental delivary, the sampls of cord blood and maternal venous blood were obtained randomly from 14 infants whose mothers had spent their entire pregnancy in Seoul. Lead concentration was determined by the dithizone method. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, Hct and RBC were significantly higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood, by 36%, 54.9%, 36.9% respectively. 2. MCV in cord blood was higher than that in maternal blood by 13.8%. But MCH and MCHC were lower than those in maternal blood, by 9.7%, 3.3% respectively. The differences were statistically significant. 3. Lead concentration of cord blood $(23.93\;{\mu}g%)$ was higher than that in maternal blood $(21.93\;{\mu}%)$ by 9.1%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1985

In order to choose a suitable soil extractant for the prediction model of heavy metal content in brown rice, four extractants-0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M $HNO_3$, 0.1 M $NH_4$-oxalate and 0.001 M 2Na-EDTA, were compared by analyzing 84 soil and 45 brown rice samples collected from paddy fields adj-acent to five old zinc-mining sites. Content of cadmium and zinc in brown rice had the highest correlation coefficient to 0.001 M 2Na-EDTA and 0.1 M HCl extractants, respectively. However, the lead content in brown rice was significantly correlated with only 0.1 M $NH_4$oxalate solution. For the simultaneous prediction of zinc, cadmium and lead in brown rice, 0.1 M $NH_4$-oxalate solution was the most effective. On the multiple analysis by using various chemical characteristics of soils, pH and calcium content of soils were effective variables for the estimation of cadmium content in brown rice, while CEC and magnesium content were more effective for the estimation of zinc content in brown rice. Furthermore, for the estimation of lead content in brown rice, factors such as pH, CEC, calcium, magnesium, potassium and organic matter content were important variables in the multiple regression equation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.318-327
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• 1985

This study was designed to investigate the effect of early protein undernutrition of rats on later susceptibility to lead poisoning. Weanling rats, weighing about 55 grams, were malnourished by feeding low protein diets ( 12% and 5% casein diet ) during the four weeks of protein deprivation period. For the following 5 weeks, the malnourished rats were fed with 25% casein diet as rehabilitation diet. After the rehabilitation period, all rats were fed with 25% casein diet and the drinking water containing 2000ppm-Pb during the four weeks. The results obtained were as follows ; 1 ) Feed intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were reduced in all rats exposed to lead, especially in rats fed with 5% casein diet during the four weeks of weanling period. 2 ) Enlargement of kidney and spleen were observed in all rats exposed to lead and were more remarkable in rats fed with 5% casein diet. 3 ) In rats exposed to lead, activity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ( S- GOT ) was significantly increased by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation, whereas hematocrit value was significantly decreased. Activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ( S- GPT ) was shown a tendency to increase by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation, but the difference was not significant. 4) In rats exposed to lead, the amount of lead accumulation in kidney was increased by increasing the degree of early protein deprivation. The significant increase was shown in rats fed with 5% casein diet during the four weeks of weanling period. The results of the experiment suggest that early protein undernutrition, even after some period of rehabilitation, may enhance the later susceptibility to lead poisoning.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1986

Earlier studies have shown that the administration of Na-alginate, a water-soluble, non absorbable acidic polysaccharide, effectively reduces the absorption of radioactive strontium, cadmium and other bivalent metals. In this study the effects of Na-alginate on the Toxicity induced by Lead and Cadmium were examined in rats and the following results were obtained. 1. The elevations of the activities of serum GOT, GPT by Pb and Cd administration in the experimental animals. However, the administration of Na-alginate significantly inhibited the elevation of serum GOT, GPT. 2. Generally serum TBA values were significantly elevated in Pb and Cd group in comparison with the control group. However, the administration of Na-alginate inhibited the elevation of serum TBA values. 3. The activity of Alkaline phosphatase was also significantly elevated in Cd group in comparison with the control group. However, the administration of Na-alginate significantly inhibited the elevation of serum alkaline phsphatase. 4. Furthermore, the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in red blood cells was also significantly inhibited by Pb and this inhibition was stimulated by the administration of Na-alginate. 5. The concentrations of Pb in liver and Cd in kidney were markedly increased by Pb and Cd. However, the administration of Na-alginate significantly inhibited the elevation of them.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 1988

South Korea has about 50 useful mineral commodities for the mineral resources, among 330 kinds of minerals desoribed. In 1986, she exported 14 mineral commodities of silver, lead, tungsten, molybdenite, ceramic minerals, limestone and graphite etc... And the component ratio of mining industry in the gross national production (GNP) of South korea maintains 1.5% during last five years(1982 to 1986).