• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 경위의 TM-1A와 GPS(모델명: 4000SSI, GPS 45 Garmin corporation)를 활용하여 공주대학교 천문대의 위치를 결정하였다. 경위의를 이용한 관측에서는 2개의 별(${\alpha}$ Aur, ${\alpha}$ Boo)을 선정하여 남중시각과 남중고도를 측정한 다음위도와 경도를 얻어내었다. 또 GPS를 이용한 관측에서는 6개의 GPS 위성에서 보낸 자료를 수신하여 위도와 경도를 측정하였다. 공주대학교 천문대의 위치는 경도 127$^{\circ}$8'33'.16 , 위도 36$^{\circ}$ 28'14'.20로 결정되었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

The properties of SOHO/LASCO CMEs are subjected to projection effects. Their dependence on the source position is important to be studied. Our main aim is to study the dependence of CME properties on helio-longitude and latitude using the CMEs associated with type IIs observed by Wind/WAVES spacecraft (Deca-hecta metric type IIs - DH type IIs). These CMEs were identified as a separate population of geo-effective CMEs. We considered the CMEs associated with the Wind/WAVE type IIs observed during the period January 1997 - December 2005. The source locations of these CMEs were identified using their associated GOES X-ray flares and listed online. Using their locations and the cataloged properties of CMEs, we carried out a study on the dependence of CME properties on source location. We studied the above for three groups of CMEs: (i) all CMEs, (ii) halo and non-halo CMEs, and (iii) limb and non-limb CMEs. Major results from this study can be summarized as follows. (i) There is a clear dependence of speed on both the longitude and latitude; while there is an increasing trend with respect to longitude, it is opposite in the case of latitude. Our investigations show that the longitudinal dependence is caused by the projection effect and the latitudinal effect by the solar cycle effect. (ii) In the case of width, the disc centered events are observed with more width than those occurred at higher longitudes, and this result seems to be the same for latitude. (iii) The dependency of speed is confirmed on the angular distance between the sun-center and source location determined using both the longitude and latitude. (iv) There is no dependency found in the case of acceleration. (v) Among all the three groups of CMEs, the speeds of halo CMEs show more dependency on longitude. The speed of non-halo and non-limb CMEs show more dependency on latitude. The above results may be taken into account in correcting the projection effects of geo-effective CMEs.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2020

최근 드론의 활용 분야가 다양해짐에 따라 측량뿐만 아니라 수색 및 구조 작업에서도 활발하게 사용되고 있다. 이러한 활용분야에서는 목표물의 위치나 UAV의 위치를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문은 드론에서 촬영한 이미지를 이용한 목표물 탐지 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 드론이 촬영한 이미지를 찾고자 하는 이미지와 비교하여 목표물의 위치를 찾아 해당 목표물의 위경도 정보를 계산한다. 목표물의 정확한 위경도 정보는 핀홀 카메라의 특성을 이용하여 이미지 영상의 거리에 상응하는 실제 거리를 계산하여 위경도를 계산한다. 실제 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법을 이용하여 목표물의 위경도 위치를 정확하게 파악할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1995

천문 경위도는 그 동안 애스트로레이브, 데오돌라이트 등을 이용한 천문 측량에 의해 결정되어 왔다. 그러나 천문 측량 방법은 기상 조건에 많은 영향을 받음은 물론 보정 과정이 복잡하여 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되므로 보다 효율적 기법의 연구가 요망되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GPS 성과와 기존의 정표고 성과를 조합하여 천문 경위도를 산출하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 천문 경위도 결정에 많은 영향을 미치는 정표고는 GPS/leveling 방법 지구 중력장 모델을 사용한 DMA 방법 및 OSU91A 방법으로 도출하였으며 이를 근거로 한 각 기법별 천문 경위도를 기존 천문 측량 성과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과 두 성과는 $1{\sim}3$초 정도의 차이를 나타냈으며 정표고의 정확도가 천문 경위도 결정에 큰 영향을 미치므로 보다 이상적인 지오이드 모델이 개발된다면 GPS 관측만으로도 천문 경위도를 효율적으로 산정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

As a satellite positioning system, GPS is designed to provide the information on three dimensional position, velocity, and time all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to obtain what day has the best accuracy and what time has the best accuracy of measuring of forteen-twenty mimutes for effective using of MAGELLAN G.P.S NAV DLX-10 system. The result of measurement maximum deviation value from November, 1997 to March, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 And the result of measurement maximum deviation value during fourteen minutes of April 29, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 1' .9. The result of measurement maximum deviation value during twenty minutes of May 6, 1998 that latitude deviation is 4' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 and that is provid 3' .25, 4' .1 to May 13, 1998. So, we expect efficient use of horizontal position for navigation.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 최근 20년간(1992-2011년)의 기상 데이터를 이용하여 태풍의 전향에 대하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 연별 전향하는 태풍의 수는 연별 태풍 발생 수의 감소와 함께 서서히 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 전향하는 태풍은 특히 8-10월에 많고, 7-10월에 전향하는 태풍의 수는 전체 전향 태풍의 71 %를 차지하였다. 남중국해를 제외한 북태평양에서 전향한 태풍의 수명은 5일과 7일이 가장 많았고, 전향한 태풍의 평균 수명은 6.8일이었다. 이는 전향, 비전향의 모든 태풍의 평균 수명보다 다소 긴 값이다. 전향 태풍의 대부분은 태풍으로 발달한 후 5일 이내에 북위 20-34도, 동경 120-139도에서 북동쪽으로 전향하였다. 평균 전향 위도는 북위 25도, 평균 전향 경도는 동경 135도이었다.

• 대기
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

In this study, trends of upper jet stream characteristics (intensity, altitude, latitude, and longitude) over the Asia-North Pacific region during the recent 30 (1979~2008) years were analyzed by using four reanalysis datasets (CFSR, ERA-Int., JRA-55, MERRA). We defined the characteristics of upper jet stream as the averages of mass weighted wind speed, mass-flux weighted altitude, latitude and longitude between 400 and 100 hPa. Due to the vertical averaging of jet stream characteristics, our results reveal a weaker spatial variabilities and trends than previous studies. In general, the four reanalysis datasets show similar jet stream properties (intensity, altitude, latitude and longitude) although the magnitude and trends are slightly different among the reanalysis datasets. The altitude of MERRA is slightly higher than that of others for all seasons. The domain averaged intensity shows a weakening trend except for winter and the altitude of jet stream shows an increasing trend for all seasons. Also, the meridional trend of jet core shows a poleward trend for all seasons but it shows a contrasting trend, poleward trend in the continental area but equatorward trend in the Western Pacific region during summer. The zonal trend of jet core is very weak but a relatively strong westward trend in jet core except for spring and winter. The trends of jet stream characteristics found in this study are thermodynamically consistent with the global warming trends observed in the Asia-Pacific region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2018

Agricultural meteorological information is an important resource that affects farmers' income, food security, and agricultural conditions. Thus, such data are used in various fields that are responsible for planning, enforcing, and evaluating agricultural policies. The meteorological information obtained from automatic weather observation systems operated by rural development agencies contains missing values owing to temporary mechanical or communication deficiencies. It is known that missing values lead to reduction in the reliability and validity of the model. In this study, the hierarchical Bayesian spatio-temporal model suggests replacements for missing values because the meteorological information includes spatio-temporal correlation. The prior distribution is very important in the Bayesian approach. However, we found a problem where the spatial decay parameter was not converged through the trace plot. A suitable spatial decay parameter, estimated on the bias of root-mean-square error (RMSE), which was determined to be the difference between the predicted and observed values. The latitude, longitude, and altitude were considered as covariates. The estimated spatial decay parameters were 0.041 and 0.039, for the spatio-temporal model with latitude and longitude and for latitude, longitude, and altitude, respectively. The posterior distributions were stable after the spatial decay parameter was fixed. root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias were calculated for model validation. Finally, the missing values were generated using the independent Gaussian process model.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1979

The position of any point on the earth's surface can be. represented in the spherical coordinates by surface spherical harmonics. Since geomagnetic field is a function of position on the earth, it can be also expressed by spherical harmonic analysis as spherical harmonics of trigonometric series of $a_m({\theta})$ cos $m{\phi}$ and $b_m({\theta})$ sin $m{\phi}$. Coefficients of surface spherical harmonics, $a_m({\theta})$ and $b_m({\theta})$, can be drawn from the components of the geomagnetic field, declination and inclination, and vice versa. In this paper, components of geomagnetic field, declination and inclination in the Korean peninsula are obtained by spherical harmonic analysis using the Gauss coefficients calculated from the world-wide magnetic charts of 1960. These components correspond to the values of normal geomagnetic field having no disturbances of subsurface mass, structure, and so on. The vertical and total components offer the zero level for the interpretation of geomagnetic data obtained by magnetic measurement in the Korean peninsula. Using this zero level, magnetic anomaly map is obtained from the data of airborne magnetic. prospecting carried out during 1958 to 1960. The conclusions of this study are as follows; (1) The intensity of horizontal component of normal geomagnetic field in Korean peninsula ranges from $2{\times}10^4$ gammas to $2.45{\times}10^4$ gammas. It decreases about 500 with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in latitude. Along the same. latitude, it increases 250 gammas with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in longitude. (2) Intensity of vertical component ranges from $3.85{\times}10^4$ gammas to $5.15{\times}10^4$ gammas. It increases. about 1000 gammas with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in latitude. Along the same latitude, it decreases. 150~240 gammas with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in longitude. Decreasing rate is considerably larger in higher latitude than in lower latitude. (3) Total intensity ranges from $4.55{\times}10^4$ gammas to $5.15{\times}10^4$ gammas. It increases 600~700 gammas with the increament of $1^{\circ}$ in latitude. Along the same latitude, it decreases 10~90 gammas. with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in longitude. Decreasing rate is considerably larger in higher latitude as the case of vertical component. (4) The declination ranges from $-3.8^{\circ}$ to $-11.5^{\circ}$. It increases $0.6^{\circ}$ with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in latitude. Along the same latutude, it increases $0.6^{\circ}$ with the increment of l O in longitude. Unlike the cases of vertical and total component, the rate of change is considerably larger in lower latitude than in higher latitude. (5) The inclination ranges from $57.8^{\circ}$ to $66.8^{\circ}$. It increases about $1^{\circ}$ with 'the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in latitude Along the same latitude, it dereases $0.4^{\circ}$ with the increment of $1^{\circ}$ in longitude. (6) The Boundaries of 5 anomaly zones classified on the basis of the trend and shape of anomaly curves correspond to the geologic boundaries. (7) The trend of anomaly curves in each anomaly zone is closely related to the geologic structure developed in the corresponding zone. That is, it relates to the fault in the 3rd zone, the intrusion. of granite in the 1st and 5th zones, and mountains in the 2nd and 4th zones.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2008

The present paper consists of 42 taxa belonging to 7 genera of desmids (green algae) collected from two districts of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand (Western Himalayas). The district Haridwar is located 29° 55’to 29° 59’N latitude and 68° 5’to 68° 30’E longitude covering about 2360 km2 area and Dehradun district is situated between 77° 34’to 78° 18’E longitude and 29° 58’to 30° 58’N latitude. Seven genera of desmids are (with number of taxa in parenthesis): Closterium Nitzsch. (9), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (25), Euastrum Ehr. (2), Spondylosium Breb. (1), Micrasterias Ag. (1), Staurastrum Meyen (3), Arthrodesmus Ehr. (1). All these taxa constitute new records for the area. The algal localities are relatively cleaner than those of majority of urban areas. A rich assemblage of desmids shows that water bodies of these hilly areas are still undisturbed and need protection for preservation of algal biodiversity.