• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2016

The predominant type of buckling that I-steel concrete composite beams experience in the negative moment area is distortional buckling. The key factors that affect distortional buckling are the torsional and lateral restraints by the bottom flange. This study thoroughly investigates the equivalent lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange of an I-steel concrete composite beam under negative moments. The results show a coupling effect between the applied forces and the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange. A formula is proposed to calculate the critical buckling stress of the I-steel concrete composite beams under negative moments by considering the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange. The proposed method is shown to better predict the critical bending moment of the I-steel composite beams. This article introduces an improved method to calculate the elastic foundation beams, which takes into account the lateral and torsional restraint stiffnesses of the bottom flange and considers the coupling effect between them. The results show a close match in results from the calculation method proposed in this paper and the ANSYS finite element method, which validates the proposed calculation method. The proposed calculation method provides a theoretical basis for further research on distortional buckling and the ultimate resistance of I-steel concrete composite beams under a variable axial force.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1203-1219
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• 2015

'Distortional buckling' is one of the predominant buckling types that may occur in a steel-concrete composite box beam (SCCBB) under a negative moment. The key factors, which affect the buckling modes, are the torsional and lateral restraints of the bottom plate of a SCCBB. Therefore, this article investigates the equivalent lateral and torsional restraint rigidity of the bottom plate of a SCCBB under a negative moment; the results of which show a linear coupling relationship between the applied forces and the lateral and/or torsional restraint stiffness, which are not depended on the cross-sectional properties of a SCCBB completely. The mathematical formulas for calculating the lateral and torsional restraint rigidity of the bottom plate can be used to estimate: (1) the critical distortional buckling stress of SCCBBs under a negative moment; and (2) the critical distortional moment of SCCBBs. This article develops an improved calculation method for SCCBBs on an elastic foundation, which takes into account the coupling effect between the applied forces and the lateral and/or torsional restraint rigidity of the bottom plate. This article analyzes the accuracy of the following calculation methods by using 24 examples of SCCBBs: (1) the conventional energy method; (2) the improved calculation method, as it has been derived in this article; and (3) the ANSYS finite element method. The results verify that the improved calculation method, as it has been proved in this article, is more accurate and reliable than that of the current energy method, which has been noted in the references.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2014

In this paper a nonlinear finite element analysis model is established for cold-formed steel zed-section purlins subjected to uplift loading. In the model, the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the sheeting to the purlin are simplified as a lateral rigid restraint imposed at the upper flange-web junction and a rotational spring restraint applied at the mid of the upper flange where the sheeting is fixed. The analyses are performed by considering both geometrical and material nonlinearities. The influences of the rotational spring stiffness and initial geometrical imperfections on the uplift loading capacity of the purlin are investigated numerically. It is found that the rotational spring stiffness has significant influence on the purlin performance. However, the influence of the initial geometric imperfections on the purlin performance is found only in purlins of medium or long length with no or low rotational spring stiffness.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2009년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.69.1-69.1
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• 2009

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호통권48호
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• pp.527-535
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• 2000

철골 구조물의 접합부는 전통적으로 강접 혹은 단순 접합으로 이상화하여 설계되어 졌으나 많은 연구를 통해 이러한 모델링이 불합리할 수 있음이 밝혀져 왔다. 골조의 정확한 해석을 위해 부재의 2차효과($P-{\delta}$효과) 및 구조물 전체의 2차효과($P-{\Delta}$효과)의 고려가 필수적이고, 무엇보다도 접합부의 고유한 강성을 부여하는 것이 중요하다. 즉 실험을 통해 얻은 접합부의 모멘트-회전각을 골조 해석시 있는 그대로 반영할 수 있어야 한다. 이러기 위해 모멘트-회전각을 표현할 수 있는 단일 수식의 개발이 필요하며 지금까지 다양한 수식이 개발되어 보고되고 있다. 본 논문은 기하학적효과 및 접합부 강성을 고려할 수 있도록 이론을 통해 유도한 접합부의 강성행렬에 모멘트-회전각 관계를 표현하는 수정지수 함수 모델, 멱함수 모델 그리고 제안한 로그함수 모델을 사용하여 골조 해석을 실시하고, 그 결과를 통해 유도된 강성행렬의 적용가능성을 알아보고, 제안한 로그함수의 유효성을 밝히고자 한다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

일반적으로 사용되는 철근콘크리트 교량의 바닥판에는 겨울철 과다한 염화칼슘의 사용과 그로인해 유발되는 성능저하로 인해 균열이 발생하고 수분이 침투하여 바닥판 내부의 철근이 부식됨으로써 균열이 생성 및 진전된다. 이러한 철근콘크리트 바닥판의 단점을 원천적으로 차단하기 위하여 바닥판 내부의 철근을 제거한 후 바닥판 외부에서 Steel strap을 이용하여 거더의 횡방향 거동을 구속시킴으로써 아칭효과를 극대화하고 내하력을 향상시킨 무철근 교량 바닥판이 최근에 개발 및 실용화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 횡구속된 무철근 바닥판의 영향인자를 파악하기 위하여 콘크리트의 비선형성을 고려하였고 바닥판의 두께, 지간장 및 횡방향 구속강성도 등에 대하여 유한요소법을 이용한 매개변수해석을 수행했다. 또한, 이러한 해석결과를 활용하여 우리나라의 실정에 적합한 설계식을 제안하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.915-935
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• 2016

Steel systems composed of Reinforced Concrete column to Steel beam connection (RCS) have been raised as a structural system in the past few years. The optimized combination of steel-concrete structural elements has the advantages of both systems. Through beam and through column connections are two main categories in RCS systems. This study includes finite-element analyses of mentioned connection to investigate the seismic performance of RCS connections. The finite element model using ABAQUS software has been verified with experimental results of a through beam type connection tested in Taiwan in 2005. According to verified finite element model a parametric study has been carried out on five RCS frames with different types of lateral restraint system. The main objective of this study is to investigate the forming of plastic hinges, distribution of stresses, ductility and stiffness of these models. The results of current research showed good performance of composite systems including concrete column-steel beam in combination with steel shear wall and bracing system, are very desirable. The results show that the linear stiffness of models with X bracing and steel shear wall increase remarkably and their ultimate strength increase about three times rather than other RCS frames.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2020

Sandwich composite wall consists of concrete core attached by two external steel faceplates. It combines the advantage of steel and concrete. The appropriate composite action between steel faceplate and concrete core is achieved by using adequate mechanical connectors. This research studied the compressive behavior of the sandwich composite walls using steel trusses to bond the steel faceplates to concrete infill. Four short specimens with different wall width and thickness of steel faceplate were designed and tested under axial compression. The test results were comprehensively evaluated in terms of failure modes, load versus axial and lateral deformation responses, resistance, stiffness, ductility, strength index, and strain distribution. The test results showed that all specimens exhibited high resistance and good ductility. Truss connectors offer better restraint to walls with thinner faceplates and smaller wall width. In addition, increasing faceplate thickness is more effective in improving the ultimate resistance and axial stiffness of the wall.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.759-767
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• 2003

This paper presents the simplified but more rational analysis method for the prediction of additional internal forces induced in integral abutment bridges. These internal forces depend upon the degree of restraint provided tc the deck by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutments and piles. In addition, effect of the relative flexural stiffness ratio among pile foundations, abutment, and superstructure on the structural behavior is also an important factor. The first part of the paper develops the stiffness matrices, written in terms of the soil stiffness, for the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the backfill soil adjacent to the abutment. The finite difference analysis is conducted and it is confirmed that the results are agreed well with the predictions obtained by the proposed method. The simplified spring model is used in the parametric study on the behavior of simple span and multi-span continuous integral abutment PSC beam bridges in which the abutment height and the flexural rigidity of piles are varied. These results are compared with those obtained by loading Rankine passive earth pressure according to the conventional method. From the results of parametric study, it was shown that the abutment height, the relative flexural rigidity of superstructure and piles, and the earth pressure induced by temperature change greatly affect the overall structural response of the bridge system. It may be possible to obtain more rational and economical designs for integral abutment bridges by the proposed method.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1994

선저외판은 수압과 동시에 면내 압축력을 받는다. 특히 살물선이 Alternate은 하중상태에서 흘수가 큰 경우, 외판구조는 배길이 및 폭방향의 극심한 압축력과 횡수압을 받기 때문에 설계자가 기존의 선급규정 및 설계기준을 이용하여 선저외판의 치수를 결정하고자 할 때 상당한 어려움을 겪는다. 본 연구에서는 선저 부위의 격자(Grillage)구조물에서 판주의를 둘러싼 보강재의 비틀림 강성을 추가로 고려하여 선저외판의 경계부가 탄성구속이며 면내 및 면외의 복합하중이 작용하는 선저외판의 좌굴강도 평가를 통해 보다 실제적인 선저외판의 치수 결정에 대한 선박 구조설계 측면에서의 타당성을 실적선 자료를 근거로 하여 검토해 보고자 한다. 따라서 경계조건에 따른 판의 탄성좌굴강도의 영향을 특성치 문제로 취급하여 유도된 판의 탄성구속 좌굴계수를 기존의 평가식에 추가로 고려하는 좌굴평가 방법에 근거하여 실적선의 선저외판 치수를 계산하였다. 또한 극심한 면내 및 면외하중과 주변 보강재 효과를 고려하여 상기 계산에 따라 산출된 외판치수에 대한 평가와 다양한 선급 규정에 따른 결과 그리고 1차연구의 방법에 따른 결과를 서로 비교 분석하여 보았으며 이들 각종 평가 결과들을 토대로 실적선 선저외판의 좌굴평가에 대한 실용성을 타진해 보았다.