• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 1993

The role of endogenous brain angiotensin ll (Ang ll) in mediating the cardiovascular and vasopressin responses to hemorrhage was assessed in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) with or without losartan (DuP 753), a specific Ang ll receptor subtype I $(AT_1)$ antagonist and saralasin, a combined $AT_1/AT_2$ antagonist was administered into the cerebral lateral ventricle. Hemorrhage was performed at a rate of 3 ml/kg/min far 5 min. Intracerebroventricular administration of losartan and saralasin had no effect on the basal blood pressure. However, in response to acute hemorrhage, central Ang ll antagonists produced a remarkably greater fall in blood pressure, a reduced tachycardia, and an enhanced renin release compared with the aCSF control experiment in SHR, but effected no significant change in WKY rats. Central Ang ll-blocked SHR showed significantly lower blood pressure and heart rate during the recovery period than the aCSF control rats. Vasopressin release tallowing the hemorrhage was attenuated by icv Ang ll antagonists: the effect was more pronounced in SHR than in WKY rats. Centrally administered losartan and saralasin produced remarkably similar effects on the cardiovascular function and vasopressin responses to hemorrhage. These data suggest that brain Ang ll acting primarily through AT, receptors plays an important physiological role in mediating rapid cardiovascular regulation and vasopressin release in response to hemorrhage especially in Hypertensive rats.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.997-1005
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• 2005

The extinction characteristics of low strain rate normal gravity (1-g) nonpremixed methane-air flames were studied numerically and experimentally. A time-dependent axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) model considering buoyancy effects and radiative heat transfer was developed to capture the structure and extinction limits of 1-g flames. One-dimensional (1D) computations were also conducted to provide information on 0-g flames. A 3-step global reaction mechanism was used in both the 1D and 2D computations to predict the measured extinction limit and flame temperature. A specific maximum heat release rate was introduced to quantify the local flame strength and to elucidate the extinction mechanism. Overall fractional contribution by each term in the energy equation to the heat release was evaluated to investigate the multi-dimensional structure and radiative extinction of 1-g flames. Images of flames were taken for comparison with the model calculation undergoing extinction. The two-dimensional numerical model was validated by comparing flame temperature profiles and extinction limits with experiments and ID computation results. The 2D computations yielded insight into the extinction mode and flame structure of 1-g flames. Two combustion regimes depending on the extinction mode were identified. Lateral heat loss effects and multi-dimensional flame structure were also found. At low strain rates of 1-g flame ('Regime A'), the flame is extinguished from the weak outer flame edge, which is attributed to multi-dimensional flame structure and flow field. At high strain rates, ('Regime B'), the flame extinction initiates near the flame centerline due to an increased diluent concentration in reaction zone, which is the same as the extinction mode of 1D flame. These two extinction modes could be clearly explained with the specific maximum heat release rate.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2017

Purpose: Stiffness in the first metatarsophalangeal joint after surgery for hallux valgus has been reported. The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of releasing plantar aponeurosis for improving the range of extension in the first metatarsophalangeal joint that was limited after hallux valgus surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients (1 man, 12 women [17 feet]; median age, 54.4 years; range, 44~69 years) with limited first metatarsophalangeal joint extension after hallux valgus surgery, who underwent an additional procedure of plantar aponeurosis release between March 2015 and August 2015, were included. Subsequently, the passive range of extension in the first metatarsophalangeal joint was evaluated via knee extension and flexion positions. Hallux valgus angle, inter-metatarsal angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, and talo-first metatarsal angle were measured on weightbearing dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs of the foot preoperatively. Results: The mean range of extension for the first metatarsophalangeal joint improved significantly, from $2.5^{\circ}$ to $40.9^{\circ}$ in the knee extension position (p<0.00). The mean extension range for the first metatarsophalangeal joint also improved, from $18.2^{\circ}$ to $43.2^{\circ}$ in the knee flexion position (p<0.00). In all patients, congruence of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was recovered. Conclusion: Plantar aponeurosis release is an effective additional procedure for improving the extension range of the first metatarsophalangeal joint after hallux valgus surgery.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this case is to report the improvement after treatment about a patient with meralgia paresthetica. Methods : We treated the patient with acupucture therapy, cupping therapy, electroacupuncture therapy, percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation and myofascial release technique by Turbo SASO from $26^{th}$ June 2015 to $3^{rd}$ July 2015 by evaluating femoral function with VAS score. Results : After 5 times of treatment, this patient achieved excellent outcome following the technique, showing that clinical symptom as able to walked and pain was disappeared, VAS changed from 10 to 3 and the result of patrick test came out negative. Conclusions : The various symptoms appear in the Meralgia paresthetica such as numbness, paresthesia, and pain in the anterolateral thigh, which may result from either an entrapment neuropathy or a neuroma of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve(LFCN). Oriental medical treatment for meralgia paresthetica resulted in satisfactory results by diminishing the symptoms progressively during the five days of treatment. Differential diagnosis was based on careful physical examination. More research of meralgia paresthetica is needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2019

Objective: Myofascial release (MFR) is used to restore tissue extensibility of the fascia tissue and is considered to be useful in a number of clinical settings, such as low back pain (LBP). Dynamic myofascial release (DMFR) is the manual therapy, which combined the conventional MFR with the joint mobilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the DMFR on trunk mobility, and furthermore, whether the increase of trunk mobility can carry over the improvement of dynamic standing balance in persons with chronic nonspecific LBP. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty persons with chronic non-specific LBP participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the DMFR group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). DMFR was performed for two sessions (15 minutes/session) per week for four weeks for the treatment group. Both the DMFR and control groups were allowed to perform low-intensity physical activities during the treatment period. The Modified-modified $Sch{\ddot{o}}ber$ test (MMST) for trunk mobility and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) for dynamic standing balance were measured before and after the treatment period in both the DMFR group and the control group. Results: The MMST value of DMFR group increased significantly in all trunk range of motion (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation) after treatment, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the FRT value of the DMFR group improved significantly after treatment, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that DMFR have a positive effect on trunk mobility and standing balance in persons with chronic LBP.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how the movements occurring during the follow-through phase after releasing an arrow among elite compound archers, are associated with the arrow impact points on the target. Method: Nine elite archers performed consecutive compound archery shooting under conditions identical to actual competitions using their own bows and equipment. Motion capture system and force platform were utilized to record the changes in joint positions and center of pressure, respectively. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the patterns in which multidimensional joint positions and COP changes were organized with horizontal and vertical coordinates of arrow impact points. Subsequently, correlation analysis quantified the relationship between individual variables and the coordinates of arrow impacts on the target. Results: We found a common organizational pattern in which the two axes of the impact point coordinates were grouped into the first two principal components. The movements of the upper and lower limbs following release exhibited opposite patterns in the anterior-posterior axis, with significant correlations observed between the arrow impact points of the horizontal axis and the left shoulder, right elbow, left hip, and both knees. Additionally, the lateral movements induced by the reaction force upon arrow release showed significant associations with the vertical coordinates of the impact points. Particularly, the correlations between the movements of the left shoulder and elbow, as well as the bilateral hip and right knee, were consistently observed among all participants. Conclusion: These findings implied that the post-release movements could significantly influence the trajectory and impact points of the arrows in compound archery. We suggest that a consistent and controlled movement during the follow-through phase may be more beneficial for optimizing shooting accuracy and precision rather than minimizing movements.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.988-996
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• 2005

Flame structure and extinction mechanism of counterflow methane/air non-premixed flame diluted with nitrogen are studied by NASA 2.2 s drop tower experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations with finite rate chemistry and transport properties. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is examined through the comparison among results of microgravity experiment, 1D and 2D simulations with a finite burner diameter. A two-dimensional simulation in counterflow flame especially with a finite burner diameter is shown to be very important in explaining the importance of multidimensional effects and lateral heat loss in flame extinction, effects that cannot be understood using a one-dimensional flamelet model. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is quite different from that at high strain rate. Low strain rate flame is extinguished initially at the outer flame edge, the flame shrinks inward, and finally is extinguished at the center. It is clarified from the overall fractional contribution by each term in energy equation to heat release rate that the contribution of radiation fraction with 1D and 2D simulations does not change so much and the overall fractional contribution is decisively attributed to radial conduction ('lateral heat loss'). The experiments by Maruta et at. can be only completely understood if multi-dimensional heat loss effects are considered. It is, as a result, verified that the turning point, which is caused only by pure radiation heat loss, has to be shifted towards much lower global strain rate in microgravity flame.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of combined first metatarsal and calcaneal osteotomy for static cavovarus deformity of the foot. Materials and Methods: We performed a dorsal closing wedge $1^{st}$ metatarsal osteotomy and a lateral and upward displacement calcaneal osteotomy for 9 patients, 12 feet (6 male and 3 female). The mean age at the time of operation was 37 years and the mean followup period was 27 months. The causes of deformity were 2 poliomyelitis, 1 cerebral palsy, 1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and 5 idiopathic type. Five lateral ligament reconstructions of the ankle and six percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthenings were added. The surgical results in terms of pain, function and alignment of the foot were evaluated by means of AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal, calcaneus-$1^{st}$ metatarsal and calcaneal pitch angles were checked with weight bearing radiographs in lateral projection. Results: Talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal and calcaneal pitch angles were reduced from the mean preoperative values of $21^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$ to $12^{\circ}$ and $19^{\circ}$, respectively, at last followup. Also, calcaneus-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle was increased from the mean $114^{\circ}$ to $114^{\circ}$. The mean AOFAS score was improved from 44.5 points preoperatively to 89.2 points at followup. There were 1 metatarso-cueiform joint nonunion, 1 sural nerve injury and 3 remaining symptomatic claw toes. Conclusion: Combined first metatarsal and calcaneal osteotomy appears to be an effective procedure for the treatment of adult static cavovarus foot.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.773-780
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• 2009

강-콘크리트 계면거동의 성질을 정의하는 계면변수를 파악하고, 구성모델의 성격을 정의하는 구성변수의 물리적 특성 파악과 값의 크기를 결정하기 위해 강-콘크리트 계면에 대한 거동실험을 수행하였다. 구성변수는 포괄적인 적용을 목적으로 부착계면 뿐만 아니라 비부착계면의 거동까지 포함하기 위해 최근에 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴규준에 근거하여 제안된 구성모델을 기준하여 결정하였으며, 구속압을 받는 계면의 취성으로부터 연성까지의 파괴거동 성질을 고려하기 위해 낮은 구속압 및 중간크기의 구속압을 포함하는 네 종류의 구속압을 고려하였다. 실험 결과에 대한 분석을 통해 최대평균전단응력과 잔류응력 및 모드 II 파괴에너지 방출률과 구속압 간의 관계는 각 경우가 선형적 관계에 있음을 확인하였다. 이 논문에서 얻어진 실험 결과에 근거하여 이어지는 후속 논문에서는 해석적 방법에 의한 계면상수 값의 결정과 결정된 계면상수 값을 이용한 계면유한요소해석을 수행하여 계면상수 값의 적절성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2002

Some studies report that electroacupuncture(EA) boost natural killer cell(NK cell) activity. And also it is well known that hypothalamus is deeply related to effects of EA on analgesia. Some reports said that especially lateral hypothalamic area(LHA) is related to splenic NK cell activity. In order to investigate the relation between hypothalamus and effects of EA at ST36 point on NK cell activity of Spraque-Dawley rats. Lesions were made bilaterally at lateral hypothalamic area(LHA). And NK cytotoxities of normal and lesioned rats were measured with 51Cr release immunoassay after EA stimulation for 2 and 14 days. NK cell activity of EA group was significantly higher than sham group at 2nd, 14th day in normal rats. And LHA lesions abolished effects of EA on NK cell activity at 2nd day. But LHA lesions did not affect the effects of EA at 14th days. We also had an evidence that the decrease of NK cell activity was almost recoverd at 14th day. These results strongly suggest that LHA is deeply related to increase of NK cell activity induced by EA.