• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2022

This paper focuses on how the coupling of the columns and walls through the structural slab contributes to the overall stiffness and strength of lateral systems. The rationale and procedures behind the design approach, which may offer a shift from more conventional assumptions made regarding compatibility and connectivity of gravity and lateral structural systems, will be introduced. The impacts on serviceability and strength design will be discussed, and observations on key design and analysis approaches will be featured. Mass and stiffness assumptions will also be reviewed. A case study on the topic will be presented describing implementation of slab coupling into engineering of a building project.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

In this paper, the structural characteristics of a lightweight soundproof tunnel to reduce the dead load imposed on the bridge are investigated. Subsequently, the design procedure of soundproof tunnel structures is reviewed and a design practice for the lightweight soundproof tunnel is carried out according to the reviewed procedure. Next, design compatibility for the lightweight soundproof tunnel is verified through a detailed finite element analysis. The result for evaluation of design compatibility shows that the lightweight soundproof tunnel has structural safety in structural members, welding zones and foundation parts. It is also confirmed that serviceability and buckling safety is excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.277-283
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• 1993

The model of rotary tillers under side loads established here is statically in determinate system. By means of FEM method, the deformation of side gearbox and right side board are calculated. Therefore the side deformations of rotary tillers under different lateral loads are discussed systematically. The results show that the rotary tiller system would bear the loads and deform unequally. Author's calculation also indicates that the lateral deforming values of right side board and side gearbox are almost the same, and more than 98% of the loads is born by the side.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.934-939
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• 2004

Railway wheel/rail contact conditions have an influence on dynamic behavior of rolling stock. If there are problems of incompatibility between wheel and rail, damages like wheel wear, wheel spalling, rail wear, etc are occurred. Especially wheel and rail profiles are important factor of vehicle curving performance, so compatibility study between wheel and rail has to be carried out preferentially, In this study, we have analyzed the compatibility between wheel and rail of KNR conventional line to improve the maintenance efficiency of wheel and rail. Thus we showed the results relating to wheel/rail geometric contact, vehicle running performances as the change of wheel/rail combination.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.461-472
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability according to types of spreader and compatibility of accessory cone used in lateral condensation method. 120 plastic blocks with canal preformed were instrumented with K-,H-files and Gates-Gllidden bur. Shaped plastic blocks were divided into six experimental groups according to spreader and accessory cone used in lateral condensation. Then they were obturated by lateral condensation method without -sealer. Six experimental groups were as follows: Group 1 : Filling with #30 spreader & #25 gutta-percha cone Group 2 : Filling with #30 spreader & Fine accessory cone Group 3 : Filling with #3 spreader & #25 gutta-percha cone Group 4 : Filling with #3 spreader & Fine accessory cone Group 5 : Filling with #20,#30 spreader & #25 gutta-percha cone Group 6 : Filling with #2, #3 spreader & Fine accessory cone All the blocks were stored in 100% humidor at room temperature for 2 days. Each block was placed in centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. Apical leakage was mesured from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of- dye leakage in millimeter under a stereoscope. The data were analysed by ANOVA. The obtained results were as follows; 1. In groups using two spreaders(Group 5,6), the linear leakage was less than one spreader using groups(Group 1-4). 2. Tn groups using two spreaders(Group 5,6), there was no significant difference in linear leakage between standardized -spreader group and non standardized group (p>0.01). 3. When one spreader was used(Group 1-4), standardized-spreader groups showed less linear leakage than nonstandardized spreader groups(P<0.01). 4. In case of using same spreader(Groupl,2 & Group 3,4), there was no significant difference in linear leakage according to accessory cone type. 5. It needs to use one more spreaders to increase apical sealability.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to recycle coal ash as structural backfill materials from electric power plants. Two million tons of coal ash are produced annually. The laboratory test was executed for the basic compatibility as substitution for structural backfill materials and the optimal mixture ratio(fly ash : bottom ash) was decided. In addition the model test was performed using medium scale earth pressure model with small size earth pressure cells model box data logger and some other apparatuses. Mixed coal ash and excellent backfill materials(coheisonless soil SW) were compared in the view of lateral earth pressure variation depending on wall displacement. The reduction of earth pressure when coal ash was used as a bockfill material was monitored comparing to that of cohesionless soil. the cost and environmental pollutants by treating coal ash can be reduced through developing the recycling technology.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2014

This study generalizes the lateral load-displacement relationship of reinforced concrete shear walls from the section analysis for moment-curvature response to straightforwardly evaluate the flexural capacity and ductility of such members. Moment and curvature at different selected points including the first flexural crack, yielding of tensile reinforcing bar, maximum strength, 80% of the maximum strength at descending branch, and fracture of tensile reinforcing bar are calculated based on the strain compatibility and equilibrium of internal forces. The strain at extreme compressive fiber to determine the curvature at the descending branch is formulated as a function of reduction factor of maximum stress of concrete and volumetric index of lateral reinforcement using the stress-strain model of confined concrete proposed by Razvi and Saatcioglu. The moment prediction models are simply formulated as a function of tensile reinforcement index, vertical reinforcement index, and axial load index from an extensive parametric study. Lateral displacement is calculated by using the moment area method of idealized curvature distribution along the wall height. The generalized lateral load-displacement relationship is in good agreement with test result, even at the descending branch after ultimate strength of shear walls.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.745-758
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• 2010

12 typical laminated composite reinforced concrete (RC) walls with different concrete ages and 3 cast-in-place RC walls subjected to low frequency cyclic load were carried out in this study. The failure mode, force-deformation response and energy dissipation capacity of these specimens were investigated. Differences of structural behaviours between composite RC walls and common cast-in-place RC walls were emphasized in the analysis. The compatibility of the composite specimens with different concrete ages was discussed based on the experiment. Test results indicated that the differences between the lateral bearing capacity and the displacement ductility of the composite walls and the common walls were not so obvious. Some of the composite specimen even has higher bearing capacity under the experiment loading situation. Besides, the two parts of the laminated composite specimens demonstrates incompatibility at the later loading sequence on failure mode and strain response when it is in tension. Finally, this laminated composite shear walls are suggested to be applied in rapid reconstruction structures which is not very high.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.255-272
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• 2023

Spatial cable systems can provide more transverse stiffness and torsional stiffness without sacrificing the vertical bearing capacity compared with conventional vertical cable systems, which is quite lucrative for long-span earth-anchored suspension bridges' development. Higher economy highlights the importance of refined form-finding analysis. Meanwhile, the internal connection between the lateral and vertical sags has not yet been specified. Given this, an analytic algorithm of form-finding for the earth-anchored suspension bridge with spatial cables is proposed in this paper. Through the geometric compatibility condition and mechanical equilibrium condition, the expressions for cable segment, the recurrence relationship between catenary parameters and control equations of spatial cable are established. Additionally, the nonlinear general reduced gradient method is introduced into fast and high-precision numerical analysis. Furthermore, the analytic expression of the lateral and vertical sags is deduced and discussed. This is very significant for the space design above the bridge deck and the optimization of the sag-to-span ratio in the preliminary design stage of the bridge. Finally, the proposed method is verified with the aid of two examples, one being an operational self-anchored suspension bridge (with spatial cables and a 260 m main span), and the other being an earth-anchored suspension bridge under design (with spatial cables and a 500 m main span). The necessity of an iterative calculation for hanger tensions on earth-anchored suspension bridges is confirmed. It is further concluded that the main cable and their connected hangers are in very close inclined planes.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the compatibility of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) synthesized cephalograms with conventional cephalograms, and to find a method for obtaining normative values for three-dimensional (3D) assessments. Materials and Methods: The sample group consisted of 10 adults with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces. They were imaged using conventional and CBCT cephalograms. The CBCT cephalograms were synthesized from the CBCT data using OnDemand 3D software. Twenty-one angular and 12 linear measurements from each imaging modality were compared and analyzed using paired-t test. Results: The linear measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) except for the U1 to facial plane distance. The angular measurements between the two imaging modalities were not statistically different (p>0.05) with the exception of the gonial angle, ANB difference, and facial convexity. Conclusion: Two-dimensional cephalometric norms could be readily used for 3D quantitative assessment, if corrected for lateral cephalogram distortion.