• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection' of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC' s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

The experiment was conducted to investigate effects of bensulfuron-methyl{methyl 2-((((((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino)carbony)amino)sulfonyl)methyl)benzoate}on bud sprouting, percent regrowth, and regrowth from growth cessation in Eleocharis kuroguwai. Application of bensulfuron-methyl resulted in sprouts of two of three lateral buds in addition to the apical bud of E. kuroguwai. With bensulfuron-methyl the culms elongated from the sprouted buds were killed soon after emergence. However, the buds remained biologically active. During the period of growth cessation the tuber buds respired in a minimum rate, but respiration began to increase with regrowth. At regrowth increase in the respiration was greater in the lateral buds than in the apical bud. Days required to regrowth was 35 days in the suppressed apical bud when applied at the rate of 51 g a. i. ha bensulfuron-methyl, while the suppressed lateral buds sprouted first and second required 29 and 28 dyas, respectively. After regrowth number of new culms was two to three times greater in the lateral buds than in the apical bud.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.558-564
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• 2001

For the study of morphological variation in winter buds of Q. variabilis $B_L$. natural populations in Korea, 16 populations were selected through the country in consideration of latitude, longitude, altitude, and geographical characters. Thirty trees were randomly selected from each population and 30 terminal and 30 lateral buds were sampled below 1/3 crown length of each tree. Four morphological characters including length and width of terminal and lateral buds were measured. 1. Length and width of terminal and lateral buds were in the ranges 6.9~11.3cm, 3.0~3.7cm, 6.1~8.9cm, and 2.5~3.1cm, respectively. The coefficient of variation were in about 20% in all the characters investigated. 2. All the characters were significantly different among populations as well as among individuals within populations. The degree of contribution of variance among individuals within populations was higher than that among populations. 3. Length of terminal bud showed positive correlation with length and width of lateral bud; and width of lateral bud with width of terminal bud and length of lateral bud. Also, positive correlations were observed between longitude and width of terminal bud, between latitude and length of terminal and lateral bud. 4. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method for winter bud characters showed two groups to Euclidean distance 3.4. They were group I of population 8 and group II of populations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. However, group II was divided into two at Euclidean distance 1.5 that are a group including populations 1, 2, 7, 9, and 11(groupII-1) and the other group including populations 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16(groupII-2).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.987-993
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• 2020

This study investigated the effective harvest of 'Kyoho' grapevines by examining their characteristics including bud development, necrosis types and flower primordium formation. The size of the axillary bud did not show any difference in the 5th node or more, but it was smaller because it was closer to the base in the 4th node or less. In the 1st node, the rates of main bud necrosis (MBN), accessory bud necrosis (ABN), and whole bud necrosis (WBN) were high, and the rate of flower primordium formation was low, but there was no significant difference in the other nodes. Therefore, it was expected that using other nodes than the 1st node would be advantageous to secure production. Because the growth progresses after sprouting, the main bud necrosis rate increases, showing a very low flower primordium formation rate in March of the following year. Therefore, a method is needed to increase the storage nutrients in the winter and the rate of flower primordium formation after March. This study found that the thickness of the shoots should be less than 8.5 mm between the 3rd and 4th nodes, and the length should be less than 60 cm for nodes up to the 10th node.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the changes of growth characteristics, mineral and chlorophyll content of young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon grown under greenhouse and open fields. Results showed that growth of young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon was somewhat accelerated in greenhouse compared to the open field. In case of apical bud growth, several parameters such as plant height, number of branch, fresh weight and chlorophyll content showed similar tendency in both greenhouse and open field. In the changes of minerals, N content in apical buds recorded significant increase to 3.1 times compared to that of later buds. Its content was 1.2 times higher in greenhouse than that of open field. Mineral contents including P, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly increased in greenhouse. Highest ascorbic acid content was observed in lateral buds grown in greenhouse and then it was followed such as lateral bud in open field, apical bud in open field, and apical bud in greenhouse, in turn. These results indicate that greenhouse culture could be applicable to new culture in order to produce young leafy vegetable of Chinese toon with high quality.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment time and concentration of a chemical pinching agent, dikegulac, on branches and growth of Rhododendron simsii 'California Sunset'. R. simsii 'California Sunset' developed lateral branches naturally but the number of them was few. Treatment of dikegulac delayed the terminal bud development, increased in size, the chlorophyll contents of the leaf, and the number of lateral branches in June. Especially, the number of lateral branches were better at $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dikegulac than the others. But growth in August of R. simsii 'California Sunset' was naturally lower than June, there was no effect of lateral branches by dikegulac.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2003

The hormonal requirement suiting micropropagation of Morus alba during any season throughout the year was studied. Sprouting frequency from axillary buds of M. alba was greatly influenced by the time of explant collection, the highest value was achieved when nodal explants were collected at the end of bud dormancy period (late in March) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of BAP, kinetin or IBA (85-68%). In addition, they showed higher axillary bud sprouting on growth-regulators-free medium (49%) than others collected in autumn or winter and cultured on medium supplemented with various growth regulators (47-48%). Regardless of that period, young explants with greenish buds collected in summer exhibiting high sprouting frequency (66%) on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 0.5 mg/L GA3. Shoot multiplication via adventitious bud formation was achieved when the nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IBA. Further multiplication via nodal explants of in vitro grown shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mglL BAP and 0.5 mg/L GA3. While half strength MS medium supplemented with low concentration (0.5 mg/L) of IBA, IAA or 2,4-D stimulated adventitious root formation, IBA was the best. After transfer the plantlets to the soil, acclimatization for three weeks was essential prerequisite for survival in high frequency (92%). Peroxidase activity is related to break of bud dormancy where maximum enzyme activity was detected when the lateral buds were induced to commence growth under field condition (early in spring) or in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.273-276
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• 1995

In vitro propagation of Neoregeria carorinae 'Tricolor' was achieved by using immature flowers and lateral buds, and the plantlets from tissue culture were transplanted and cultivated in greenhouse. The picking times of explants to decrease disappearance of stripes, and in vivo the growth and flowering of regenerated plantlets as influenced by in vivo healed nun were investigated. The normal plantlet were obtained at a frequency of 67%, in the culture of immature flowers picked at 4 weeks after flower bud differentiation, while all leaf stripes disappeared in the culture of immature flowers picked 1 and 5 weeks after flower bud differentiation. In vivo growth of plantlet from immature flower buds was better than those from lateral buds, and the flowering of 27.8% showed in the greenhouse culture of plantlet from immature culture, but the plantlets from lateral buds did not flower at all. The plantlets rooted on the medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA were the most favorable in green house culture, and the kinds and concentrations of auxin in vitro did not have any influence on variation of plane cultured in greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of in vitro culture condition and among lines on growth pattern of lateral buds from nodal cuttings of Phalaenopsis flower stalks. The ratio of bud growing into shoot from nodal cuttings of flower stalks were 90.9% and 54.4% on MS and hyponex medium, respectively. The number of buds grown vegetatively were increased remarkably on the MS medium containing 5 mg/L BA. The rate of buds grown vegetatively was higher in basal and middle parts than in upper part of flower stalks. The flower stalk sections cultured at 25~28$^{\circ}C$ showed the highest ratio of vegetative growth. Medium contamination was decreased by pretreatment of etiolation to the flower stalk. However, the pretreatment did not show specific effects on shoot development and reduction of phenolic compound. Average shoot number which was formed from flower stalk segments in 27 of 30 accessions were 3.17, while high number of shoots were obtained from Phal. 3020 and Phal. 3039. The growth pattern of lateral buds in F$_1$hybrids was similar to that of their parents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

The explants of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig & Endlicher) were cultured to invest th8e dedifferentiation condition, and formative callus from leaf was cultured to find the regeneration and micro-crown bud formation. Basal MS medium was more effective to form callus than 1/2 MS and B$_{5}$ medium. Calli formations from leaf, petiole and lateral bud were more effective on MS medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2, 0.4 mg/L kinetin or BA than 1.0, 2.0 mg/L NAA and 0.2, 0.4 mg/L kinetin or BA. Formative callus from leaf was proliferated about 70% on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA. When callus was proliferated, 63% regeneration rate was shown on medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0 mg/L BA in case of subculture for 3~4 months but was not shown on medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0 mg/L kinetin. Micro-crown bud formed as addition of BA at 3~4 months after callus culture and then was obtained many at 5~6 months, it was most formed about 82% on medium supplemented with 5 mg/L BA. Rate of micro-crown bud formation was increased as more over 5 mg/L BA concentration, when this time, however, shoot had thick leaves and short internodes, and then withered before long, Micro-crown bud was formed about 88.0% on medium supplemented with 5% sucrose, that was more increased 28% than with 3% sucrose. The buds of crown bud between harvested in field and formed in vitro were difference only in size, but both were similar in shape according to histological view.