• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.338-343
• /
• 2005

Objective : The sacroiliac joint complex is often related with functionally incapacitating pain in old aged people. The purpose of this study is to delineate the investigation strategies and to determine the long-term effect of radiofrequency [RF] neurotomies for pain arising from sacroiliac Joint dysfunction[SIJD]. Methods : Sixteen patients were diagnosed as having chronic pain from SIJD by comparative controlled blocks on L5 dorsal rami, sacroiliac Joints and deep interosseous ligaments. After confirming the positive response [more than 50% of pain relief], sensory stimulation was applied to detect the 'pathological' branches. Subsequently, RF neurotomies were performed on the selected nerve branches. Surgical outcome was graded as successful, moderate improvement, and failure after a 6month follow-up period. Results : Stimulation intensity was 0.45V to elicit pain response in the L5 dorsal rami and lateral sacral branches. The number of RF-lesioned nerve branches was 6per patient. The average number of lesions for each branch was 1.3. Most commonly selected branches were L5 dorsal ramus [88%] and S2-upper division [88%]. Ten patients [63%] reported a successful outcome according to the outcome criteria after 6months of follow-up, and five patients [31%] reported complete relief [100%]. Five patients [31%] showed moderate improvements. One patient reported failure. Conclusion : RF neurotomy of lateral sacral branches is an excellent treatment modality for the pain due to SIJD, provided that comparative controlled block shows a positive response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.525-535
• /
• 2018

This study presents a new beam-column model comprising material nonlinearity and joint flexibility to predict the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures. The nonlinear behavior of connections has an outstanding role on the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures. In presented research, the joint flexibility is considered applying a rotational spring at each end of the member. To derive the moment-rotation behavior of beam-column connections, the relative rotations produced by the relative slip of flexural reinforcement in the joint and the flexural cracking of the beam end are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the considered spread plasticity model, unlike the previous models that have been developed based on the linear moment distribution subjected to lateral loads includes both lateral and gravity load effects, simultaneously. To confirm the accuracy of the proposed methodology, a simply-supported test beam and three reinforced concrete frames are considered. Pushover and nonlinear dynamic analysis of three numerical examples are performed. In these examples the nonlinear behavior of connections and the material nonlinearity using the proposed methodology and also linear flexibility model with different number of elements for each member and fiber based distributed plasticity model with different number of integration points are simulated. Comparing the results of the proposed methodology with those of the aforementioned models describes that suggested model that only uses one element for each member can appropriately estimate the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1999

Soft tissue defect on heel area of the foot present difficult problems particularly because of anatomic property of plantar surface of the foot. There is a paucity of available local tissue in the foot for coverage. In addition to having little expandable tissue, the foot's plantar surface has a unique structure, making its replacement especially challenging. Plantar skin is attached to the underlying bone by fibrous septa, preventing shear of the soft-tissue surfaces from the underlying skeleton. Plantar surface of foot is in constant contact with the environment. Protective sensibility also would be maintained or restored in the ideal reconstruction. So the ideal flap for reconstruction of the heel should include thin, durable hairless skin with potential for reinnervation. The aim of this article is to present a clinical experience of free lateral arm neurosensory flap for reconstruction of the heel. From March 1995 to December 1997, a total 16 lateral arm free flaps were performed to soft tissue defects on the weight-bearing area of the hindfoot. we used tibial nerve as recepient nerve in 11 and calcaneal branch of tibial nerve in 5 for restoration of sensibility of flap. All cases survived completely. A static two-point discrimination of 14 to 34mm was detected in the flap. Radial nerve palsy which was caused by hematoma in donor site occured in one case, but recorverd in 3 weeks later completely. In conclusion, the lateral arm free flaps are versatile, reliable and sensible cutaneous flap and especially indicated for soft tissue defect on plantar surface of the hindfoot which are not good indications for other better-known flaps.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제86권3호
• /
• pp.399-415
• /
• 2023

This paper presents the experimental and numerical evaluations on the circular SFRC columns reinforced GFRP rebars under the axial compressive loading. The test programs were designed to inquire and compare the effects of different parameters on the columns' structural behavior by performing experiments and finite element modeling. The research variables were conventional concrete (CC), fiber concrete (FC), types of longitudinal steel/GFRP rebars, and different configurations of lateral rebars. A total of 16 specimens were manufactured and categorized into four groups based on different rebar-concrete arrangements including GRCC, GRFC, SRCC, and SRFC. Adding steel fibers (SFs) into the concrete, it was essential to modify the concrete damage plastic (CDP) model for FC columns presented in the finite element method (FEM) using ABAQUS 6.14 software. Failure modes of the columns were similar and results of peak loads and corresponding deflections of compression columns showed a suitable agreement in tests and numerical analysis. The behavior of GFRP-RC and steel-RC columns was relatively linear in the pre-peak branch, up to 80-85% of their ultimate axial compressive loads. The axial compressive loads of GRCC and GRFC columns were averagely 80.5% and 83.6% of axial compressive loads of SRCC and SRFC columns. Also, DIs of GRCC and GRFC columns were 7.4% and 12.9% higher than those of SRCC and SRFC columns. Partially, using SFs compensated up to 3.1%, the reduction of the compressive strength of the GFRP-RC columns as compared with the steel-RC columns. The effective parameters on increasing the DIs of columns were higher volumetric ratios (up to 12%), using SFs into concrete (up to 6.6%), and spiral (up to 5.5%). The results depicted that GFRP-RC columns had higher DIs and lower peak loads compared with steel-RC columns.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 1991

Although the existence of nerve cells which determine the activity of sympathetic nervous system in ventrolateral medulla is advocated recently, there are wide varieties on the location and function of them according to authors. Present study aimed to identify and characterize the medullospinal tract cells in rostral and caudal medulla of cats .which branch to the lateral horn of the upper thoracic spinal cord. Cats were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$. The upper thoracic spinal cord and floor of the IVth ventricle were exposed. Medullospinal tract cells in rostral and caudal medulla were identified by anti-dromic stimulation of the intermediolateral nucleus in the upper thoracic cord and then the location and physiological characteristics of these cells were studied. A total of seventy cells in medulla had constant latency and responded to high frequency stimulation to thoracic cord. Among them fifty-six cells were identified as medullospinal tract cells either by collision with spontaneous activities or activities evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation(27/56), or by determining the refractory period (29/56). Thirty-one of these cells branched to the contralateral thoracic spinal cord, twenty-one cells to the ipsilateral side and remaining four cells branched to both sides. The conduction velocity of cells branching to the contralateral side was $29{\pm}2.9\;m/sec$ and that of cells to the ipsilateral side was $39.1{\pm}6.0\;m/sec$. When medulla was devided into two by a horizontal plane at 3 mm rostral to the obex, fifty-one among seventy cells were in the rostral medulla and nineteen were in the caudal medulla. The conduction velocities of these two groups were $21.6{\pm}1.0\;and\;33.3{\pm}3.9\;m/sec$, respectively. In this study, we confirmed the existence of two groups of medullospinal tract cells in rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla, which branch to the lateral horn of thoracic cord and these cells have relatively few spontaneous activities and rapid conduction velocity, so we concluded that these cells are different from the previously known sympatho-related cells in ventrolateral medulla.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.573-579
• /
• 2006

한국 자생 개맨드라미를 초장생장을 억제시켜서 분화식물로서의 이용 가능성을 검토하기위하여 적심 및 왜화제처리에 따라서 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 적심의 횟수가 1회부터 3회까지 증가할수록 초장, 절간장 및 화서장은 월등히 작아지고 화서의 수, 엽수 및 측지수는 증가하였다. Diniconazole 12.5-$50.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, hexaconazole 10.0-$40.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 및 daminozide 3,400-$13,600mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 처리는 개맨드라미의 초장, 절간장 및 엽장 등의 생장을 감소시켰고 화서의 수 및 잎의 수는 증가되었다. 특히 diniconazole $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 및 daminozide $6,800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리는 대조구의 초장이 81.3cm에 비교하여 50cm 이하로 월등히 작았고 화서의 수는 2.7개로 대조구 1개보다는 월등히 많았다. 한편 hexaconazole과 daminozide는 농도 및 처리횟수가 증가할 수록 초장이 감소하는 경향이었으나 diniconazole은 차이가 없었다. 따라서 개맨드라미를 왜화시키기 위해서는 12cm 정도 자란, 생육 초기에 diniconazole $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 및 daminozide $6,800mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 1회 경엽에 살포하거나 $2{\sim}3$회 정도 적심해주는 것이 바람직하다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator(DIEP) free flap is known to be the most advanced method of utilizing autologous tissue. The DIEP free flap method saves most of the rectus abdominis muscle as well as anterior rectus sheath. Therefore, the morbidity of the donor site is minimized and the risk of hernia is markedly decreased. Methods: We chose the internal mammary artery and its venae comitantes as recipient vessels, and deep inferior epigastric vessels as donor vessels. The number and location of the perforators derived from medial or lateral branch of deep inferior epigastric artery(DIEA) in 23 DIEP flaps were identified. Ten patients underwent evaluation of their abdominal wall function preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively by using Lacote's muscle grading system. Results: Of the 23 patients, a patient with one perforator from lateral branch of DIEA experienced partial necrosis of flap. Total flap loss occurred in one patient. Mild abdominal bulging was reported in one patient 4 months postoperatively probably because of early vigorous rehabilitational therapy for her frozen shoulder. Postoperative abdominal wall function tests in 10 patients showed almost complete recovery of muscle function upto their preoperative level of upper and lower rectus abdominis and external oblique muscle function at 6 months postoperatively. All patients have been able to resume their daily activities. Conclusion: The breast reconstruction with DIEP free flap is reliable and valuable method which provide ample soft tissue from abdomen without compromising the integrity of abdominal wall. Selection of reliable perforators is important and including more than two perforators may decrease fat necrosis and partial necrosis of flap.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Reconstruction of a full thickness defect of the nose is a difficult task for plastic surgeons because the anatomical characteristic, shape, and function of the nose all need to be taken into consideration. Most often, a local flap or a composite graft is used, but for a large defect, reconstruction using free flaps is the most ideal method. In free flap reconstruction, the chondrocutaneous preauricular area can be a suitable donor site. We performed a chondrocutaneous preauricular free flap with an interpositional vascular graft for reconstruction of a nasal ala. Methods: A 46 year-old male presented to the hospital with a right alar deformity induced by a dog bite. During the surgery, the existing scar tissue was removed and thereby a newly formed full thickness defect was reconstructed using the chondrocutaneous preauricular free flap with an interpositional vascular graft harvested from the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessel between the facial and superficial temporal vessels of the free flap. Results: The flap survived without flap loss and showed symmetry in its overall shape, contour, texture, and color. The patient was satisfied with the results and the surgery yielded no additional scars at the nasolabial fold area. Conclusion: The chondrocutaneous preauricular free flap is a valuable method in reconstruction of full thickness defects of the nose, and using the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vessel as the interpositional vascular graft at the anastomotic site produces reliable results.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.121-124
• /
• 2010

발바닥 부위에 반복적인 저 에너지의 자극이 가해지는 선수들에게는 건염, 피로 골절, 또는 과사용 증후군과 같은 병변이 자주 관찰된다. 운동 선수들에게 발생하는 발뒤꿈치 통증의 대부분의 원인은 족저 근막염이고, 이 는 족저 근막의 반복적 자극에 의해 발생한다. 대부분 보존적인 치료 방법으로 증상의 호전을 보이고 운동에 복귀한다. 흔하지는 않지만, 발뒤꿈치 통증의 원인이 되는 신경 압박병증도 반복적인 자극에 따른 신경의 주변조직 비후에 의해 발생할 수도 있다고 한다. 저자들은 발 부위에 저 에너지의 반복적인 자극이 가해지는 농구 선수에게서 만성 족저 근막염이 동반된 외측 족저 신경의 압박병증을 관찰하였고, 발생 가능한 기전과 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2007

Soft-tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle has long been a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Limitations in the available local tissue and donor-site morbidity restrict the options. In an effort to solve these difficult problems, the authors have begun to use a subcutaneous fascial pedicled lateral supramalleolar flap. This report presents the authors' experience with five patients treated with this flap. The patients’ ages ranged from 26 to 72 years; four of the patients were male and one was female. The cause of the soft-tissue defects involved acute trauma and malignant melanom. All flaps survived and provided satisfactory coverage of the defect. Compared with the classic lateral supramalleolar flap, when the perforating branch is interrupted in its course, it is possible to elevate this subcutaneous fascial pedicled flap. The distally based flap with a compound pedicle which is continuous with a vascular axis and a band of subcutaneous fascial pedicle has long pedicle. This procedure is valuable for remote defect of the foot. It is believed that this flap is versatile and effective and is a good addition to the available techniques used by reconstructive surgeons for coverage of the foot and ankle.