• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1991

A SEM study was performed on the surface of adult P. habayashii Park, 1940, recovered from the snake, Elaphe rufodorsata. The anterior part of the worms was cup-shape and equipped with oral, ventral suckers, pseudosuckers, and tribocytic organ, and the posterior one was finger-like and round-ended, The tegument of the anterior body was covered with 3~4 pointed small spines on the midventral surface and 1~2 pointed ones on the lateral surface. Sensory papillae such as type II, dome-shape ones, and papillae with an opening were distributed over the ventral surface of the anterior portion. The round tribocytic organ was bearing small stout spines laterally, whereas the surface Which comes in contact with the host tissues consisted of numerous long fibrillar fibers. The lip of the oral sucker contained type II papillae. Lateral margin of the anterior body revealed type III papillae.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to know the change of somatic characteristics according to the time. To find out the change of body type of the early twenties who were in 1990 and 1999, the anthropometric and the photographic measurements of the two periods were compared respectively. T-test was applied and the figure of body frame and lateral body type were analyzed. By comparing the anthropomentric measurements of 1999 with 1990, it was known that the proportion of lower half of body increased and the legs and arms became longer. The shape of bust was slightly centered and the angle of shoulder decreased. From the analysis of the photographic measurements and the comparison the body type of 1999 with that of 1990, the tendency of change in upper body was to bend backward and the ratio of straight type increased in 1999.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.897-904
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• 2011

When whole-body is exposed to vertical vibration, asymmetry shape of human body affects the response on the translational(fore-aft, lateral, vertical) and rotational(roll, pitch, yaw) motion. While the translational motion has been studied with various titles, it has been rare to study the rotational motion of human body exposed to vertical excitation because of lack of experimental equipment. This study was performed by using a 6-axis force plate installing strain gage type sensors for the rotational response. Sixteen male subjects were exposed to vertical vibration on rigid seat in order to investigate apparent mass of three translational motion and apparent eccentric mass of three rotational motion. Random signal was generated to make excitation vibration which was on an effective frequency range of 3~40 Hz, and magnitude of 0.224 m/$s^2$ r.m.s. The frequency range and magnitude used was selected for the vibration of passenger vehicle on idling condition. As the result, cross-axis apparent masses of fore-and-aft and lateral direction were not significant showing 20 % and 3 % of vertical apparent mass relatively. And apparent eccentric mass of pitch motion was dominant when compared to that of roll and yaw motion, which is reasoned by asymmetry direction of human body sitting on a seat.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2017

A 4-year-old, weighing 7.6 kg, castrated male, Pug presented with ingestion of gastric cavity foreign body. Physical examination revealed panting, retching and hyper-salivation. Blood chemistry and complete blood cell count were normal, but hypophosphatemia was observed. An abdominal radiograph revealed the foreign body (FB), round shape and 2 cm length, at the pyloric region of stomach. A thoracic radiograph revealed an incidental metal FB, 3.5 cm length, at the cranial portion of the diaphragm. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to remove the FB in the stomach and then a peach-pit was removed. However the metal FB was not found in the esophagus therefore a lateral thoracotomy was performed. A right lateral thoracotomy through the $7^{th}$ intercostal space was accomplished to expose the right caudal lung lobe. After open the thoracic cavity, foreign body was not observed by gross evaluation and caudal lung lobe was attached to the diaphragm. The FB was identified inside the lung lobe and surrounded by granulation tissue. The metal FB (sewing needle) was removed with blunt dissection and incised lung lobe was sutured using absorbable suture material PDS 4-0 with interrupted suture. A thoracotomy tube was inserted into the thoracic cavity during surgery. Patient's respiration became stable after surgery. A chest tube was removed 3 days after surgery. No complications were noted and the dog was discharged 4 days after surgery. In small animal, foreign body ingestion is a common reason for emergency. After ingestion of the FB, perforation through the esophagus and migration to inside the lung lobe is not common in small animals. In this case, thoracic metal FB was identified incidentally and removal of a thoracic FB with thoracotomy was performed successfully.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2006

A draconematid nematode species, Dracograllus filipjevi Allen and Noffsinger, 1978, is described from the washings of shallow littoral coralline algae at Guryongpo in the eastern coast of Korea. This species is recognized by the following characteristics: larger body size, number of posterior sublateral adhesion tubes (9 in male and 12-13 in female) and subventral adhesion tubes (8-9 in male and 9-10 in female), the absence of cephalic acanthiform setae on rostrum, the presence of longitudinally areolated body cuticle with dot-like punctations, the presence of some cuticular collar in swollen pharyngeal region, the shape of amphidial fovea (large, elongate, and loop-shaped in both sexes), the absence of preanal corniform setae, and the absence of lateral differentiation on narrow body region. Morphological features of the species using differential interference contrast photomicrographs are described in detail in the present work. The is the first report of D. filipjevi in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-641
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

Although three-dimensional measurement systems for the human body have been studied, there is still an error between the measurements by the two-dimensional measurement method and the three-dimensional scanning method. Especially, in the case of the breast, the outline is not clear. The breast is made up of subcutaneous fat and mammary gland tissue, and it is easy to deform, making it difficult to grasp the exact shape. It is also more difficult to measure photogrammetry or three-dimensional measurement because it is difficult to obtain subjects because of the shame they are reluctant to expose. In this study, the angle and length of the line connecting the measurement points of the breast detail measurement items were compared with the unchanged measurement items such as breast width and center front length using the frontal and lateral photographs taken before and after breast enlargement surgery. The results of the study are as follows. The types of breast before and after surgery were classified into two groups and showed high accuracy rate. Therefore, it was possible to classify the breast type using the frontal and lateral views of the breast, and it was found that The PRM method can distinguish the characteristics of the breast type. Therefore, it can be useful for classifying and discriminating breast types.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 1998

Twenty seven species of pufferfishes (family Tetraodontidae) have been examined to find their generic characters based on olfactory organ, lateral line system, prickles, body form and color characters of specimens collected in 20 places along the coast of Korea from September, 1989 to July, 1994. Based on nostril shape, the genera of Takifugu, Lagocephalus, Plurancanthus, Spheoides and Feroxodon have two nostrils, and those of Ephippion and Canthigaster have a single nostril or nasal tentacle, while Boesernanichthys, Arothron and Chelonodon have no nostril. In the genera of Lagocephalus, Spheoides, Boesemanichthys, Arothron and Feroxodon have only a single well-developed lateral line on the body, in those of Takifugu and Plurancanthus usually have two lateral lines, and those of Chelonodon and Ephippion have two lateral lines merged on the caudal peduncle. Based on the lateral line system and olfactory organ, genus Canthigaster has different characters from the other genera of the family Tetraodontidae. In Ephippion guttifer, the prickles on the dorsal and lateral of the body are enormously enlarged into plates forming a partial carapace. Of the 22 species which have prickly spines, the genera, Lagocephalus, Takifugu stictonotus and Arothron Stellatus have the larger ventral pricklyy spines than the dorsal ones. In genera Lagocephalus most of the species have prickly spines that coverd both the back and belly, while L. inermis has no prickly spines.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out changes in muscle activity and body heat of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles according to the area touching the ground through the areas of different heel heights using electromyography and infrared thermography. Method: This study was carried out for 15 healthy women. After walking for 30 minutes, the body temperature was measured in a standing state in front of the measuring instrument, and the distance between the treadmill and the thermography was about 50M, which may cause an error in measurement. Result: The results of the comparison of changes in muscle activity and body heat showed significant differences all in tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius muscle an lateral gastrocnemius muscle. The changes in body heat of tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles according to the shape of the heel were lower as the area of the heel touching the ground was wider. Conclusion: This study was conducted to find out changes in muscle activity and body heat of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle depending on the area touching the ground through different heel areas.