• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 1994

In this study, to maximize the solar energy utilization for greenhouse heating during the winter season, solar energy-underground latent heat storage system was constructed, and the thermal performance of the system has been analyzed to obtain the basic data for realization of greenhouse solar heating system. The results are summarized as follows. 1. $Na_2SO_4{\cdot}10H_20$ was selected as a latent heat storage material, its physical properties were stabilized and the phase change temperature was controlled at $13{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. 2. Solar radiation of winter season was the lowest value in December, and Jinju area was the highest and the lowest value was shown in Jeju area. 3. The minimum inner air temperature of greenhouse with latent heat storage system(LHSS) was $7.0{\sim}7.5^{\circ}C$ higher than that of greenhouse without LHSS and was $7.0{\sim}11.2^{\circ}C$ higher than the minimum ambient air temperature. 4. Greenhouse heating effect of latent heat storage system was getting higher according to the increase of solar radiation and was not concerned with the variation of minimum ambient air temperature. 5. The relative humidity of greenhouse with latent heat storage system was varied from 50 to 85%, but that of greenhouse without LHSS was varied from 30 to 93%. 6. The heating cost of greenhouse with solar energy-latent heat storage system was about 24% of that with the kerosene heating system.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.34-37
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• 2000

The effect of novel N-crotyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-methylanilinium hexafluroantimonate (CMH) curing agent on cure behavior and thermal properties of DGEBA epoxy cationic system was investigated. From DSC measurements of DGEBA/CMH system, it was shown that this system exhibits an excellent thermal latent characteristic in a given temperature and reveals complex cure behavior as indicated by multiple exotherms. The conversion and conversion rate of DGEBA/CMH system increased with increasing the concentration of initiator due to high activity of CMH. Viscoelastic properties during gel formation of DGEBA with CMH were investigated by rheological techniques under isothermal condition. The gel time obtained from the modulus crossover. point t(G')=G", was affected by high curing temperature and concentration of CMH, resulting in high degree of network formation in cationic polymerization. The thermal stabilities were discussed in terms of the activation energy for decomposition and thermal factors determined from TGA measurements.ents.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2001

새로운 열잠재성 개시제로서 N-crotyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-methylanilinium hexafluoroan-timonate (CMH) 촉매가 diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) 에폭시 양이온 중합계의 열적, 유변학적 특성 및 열정성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. DSC에 의한 DGEBA/CMH 경화계의 열분석 결과, 본 경화계는 일정 온도까지 우수한 잠재성을 지닌 반응 기구임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 개시제의 함량이 증가할수록 CMH의 높은 활성에 의해 DGEBA의 전환율 및 경화반응 속도가 증가하였다. 유변학적 특성은 레오미터를 사용하여 등온 조건 하, 저장 탄성율(G'), 손실 탄성율(G") 그리고 damping factor (tan $\delta$)를 구한 후 이들 데이터로부터 겔화 시간을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 경화 온도 및 CMH의 증가에 따른 활성의 차이로 인하여 에폭시 양이온 중합의 네트워크 구조 형성에 영향을 미쳐 겔화 시간이 단축됨을 알 수 있었다. 형성된 네트워크 구조의 열안정성은 TGA 분석을 통해 분해 활성화 에너지 및 열안정성 인자 등의 측정으로 고찰하였다.찰하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2016

In research on behavioral studies, significant attention has been paid to the stage-sequential process for longitudinal data. Latent class profile analysis (LCPA) is an useful method to study sequential patterns of the behavioral development by the two-step identification process: identifying a small number of latent classes at each measurement occasion and two or more homogeneous subgroups in which individuals exhibit a similar sequence of latent class membership over time. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates for LCPA are easily obtained by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and Bayesian inference can be implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, unusual properties in the likelihood of LCPA can cause difficulties in ML and Bayesian inference as well as estimation in small samples. This article describes and addresses erratic problems that involve conventional ML and Bayesian estimates for LCPA with small samples. We argue that these problems can be alleviated with a small amount of prior input. This study evaluates the performance of likelihood and MCMC-based estimates with the proposed prior in drawing inference over repeated sampling. Our simulation shows that estimates from the proposed methods perform better than those from the conventional ML and Bayesian method.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2023

Background: In general, measurement qualities of cross-culturally adapted quality of life (QOL) measures are altered in many aspects, although versions of them are well-validated measures. The latent trait and measurement qualities of the QOL measures for cancer-related samples should be considered when developing cross-culturally adapted measures. Objects: To investigate the latent trait of the translated into Korean World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) administered to different cancer survivors who had palliative rehabilitation care service (PRCS). Methods: A cross-sectional study with 139 cancer survivors who had an experience of cancer survivorship with PRCS were conducted with a two-step analytic procedure including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to confirm the latent trait and Rasch rating scale modeling to investigate the measurement qualities of the cross-culturally adapted WHOQOL-BREF measure. Results: While the original WHOQOL-BREF measure constitutes a 4-latent trait, the EFA reveals that 24 items constitute six substantial factors. The item loadings are predominantly spread over factors 1 through 4 in a mixed manner of the latent traits, while the loadings of 'physical health' and 'environmental health' latent traits show similarity to what the original measure intended to assess. The latent trait of the cross-culturally adapted WHOQOL-BREF measure administered to different cancer survivors is likely to reveal more dimensions than the original WHOQOL-BREF measure. Person reliability (i.e., analogous to Cronbach's alpha) and separation are measured with 0.92 and 3.48, respectively. All items except the one item (medical treatment item) fit the Rasch rating model. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the latent trait and the measurement qualities of the cross-culturally adapted WHOQOL-BREF measure should be taken into consideration when applying versions of it to various populations.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.500-507
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• 2010

In this study, physical properties were studied by using latent stretching yarn in order to develop the texturing yarn technique for super bulky yarn, which is better in bulkiness and handle than natural wool and also adds property of synthetic fiber to natural wool. In order to obtain textured conditions by analysing basic properties for manufacturing DTY yarn with super bulky property, DTY 50d/12 after spinning latent yarn spined POY 80d/12 was obtained under the two conditions of (i) false twist(T/M) level 3 in DTY texturing and (ii) draw ratio level 4 in draw texturing. For DTY texturing yarn, Elongation rate increased as the heat treatment time and temperatures increased. In addition, shrinkage became higher as false twist was higher, so that elongation rate became lower. When annealing became longer in time and higher in temperature, initial modulus increased. In addition, as the count of false twist increased, the initial modulus showed higher values. For draw texturing yarn, under the conditions of heat temperature 180 and heating time 30 minutes, shrinkage rate in draw ratio 1.55 and 1.6 draw ratio was 7%, and that in 1.65 and 1.7 draw ratio was 8.5%. High draw ratio samples' tenacity was much influenced by heating time and temperature, but low draw ratio samples' tenacity was influenced not by treated time, but by treated temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2013

A low temperature ($65^{\circ}C$) thermal deposition process was developed for depositing a silver coating on thermally sensitive polymeric substrates. This low temperature deposition was achieved by chemical reduction of a silver alkylcarbamate complex with latent reducing agent. The effects of acetol as a latent reducing agent for the silver 2-ethylhexylcarbamate (Ag-EHCB) complex and their blend solutions were investigated in terms of reducing mechanism, and the size and shape of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a function of reduced temperature and time, and PVP stabilizer concentration were determined. Low temperature deposition was achieved by combining chemical reduction with thermal heating at $65^{\circ}C$. A range of polymer film, sheet and molding product was coated with silver at thicknesses of 100 nm. The effect of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of silver coatings was investigated.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2009

It is necessary to develop a new technology for effectively controlling thermal crack caused hydration heat according to the increasing construction of large size massive concrete structures such as mat foundation of high-rise building. Therefore, to develop a new technology for reducing hydration heat of large size massive concrete in this study, it was investigated hydration heat generation properties of binder using latent heat materials. As a test result, it was confirmed that latent heat materials were advanced on the reduction of hydration heat and control of thermal crack. It is expected to be applied as the excellent technology on the management of hydration heat and thermal crack in large size massive concrete structures.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

The cure properties of self-extinguishing epoxy resin systems with different charge transfer type latent catalysts were investigated, which are composed of YX4000H as a biphenyl epoxy resin, MEH-7800SS as a hardener, and charge transfer type latent catalysts. We designed and used five kinds of charge transfer type latent catalyst and compared to epoxy resin systems with Triphenylphosphine-Benzoquinone(TPP-BQ) as reference system. The cure kinetics of these systems were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry with an isothermal approach, the kinetic parameters of all systems were reported in generalized kinetic equations with diffusion effects. The epoxy resin systems with Triphenylphosphine-Quinhydrone(TPP-QH), Triphenylphosphine-Benzanthrone(TPP-BT) and Triphenylphosphine-Anthrone(TPP-AT) as a charge transfer type latent catalyst showed a cure conversion rate of equal or higher rate than those with TPP-BQ. These systems with TPP-QH and Triphenylphosphine-Tetracyanoethylene(TPP-TCE) showed a critical cure reaction conversion of equal or higher conversion than those with TPP-BQ. The increases of cure conversion rates could be explained by the decrease of the activation energy of these epoxy resin systems. It can be considered that the increases of critical cure reaction conversion would be dependent on the crystallinity of the biphenyl epoxy resin systems.

• 유변학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 1998

잠재성 경화제인 N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate(BPH)를 Cycloaliphatic계 에폭시 (CAE)/DGEBA계 에폭시의 혼합물에 1 mol% 첨가 시킨 후 혼합 조성비에 따른 유변학적 특성과 경화 동력학에 대해 연구하였다. 잠재특성은 등온 DSC를 이용하여 각각 $150^{\circ}C$와 $50^{\circ}C$의 반응 온도에 대한시간의 함수로서 전화량을 구하여 측정하였다. 블렌드 시스템의 유변학적 특성은 레오미터를 사용한 등온 실험을 통하여 storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G") 그리고 damping factor (tan$\delta$)를 구한 후 이들 데이터로부터 겔화 시간을 측정하였다. 겔화 시간과 경화 온도를 Arrenius equation에 적용시킨 결과 가교 활성화 에너지 ($E_c$)를 구할 수 있었으며 겔화 시간과 활성화 에너지 모두 DGEBA의 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 경화 활성화 에너지 ($E_a$)를 동적 DSC를 이용하여 Kissinger method에 의해 구하였는데 활성화 에너지는 CAE의 함량이 증가할수록 감소함으로써 높은 반응성을 나타내었는데, 이는 짧은 반복 단위와 단순한 곁사슬기 그리고 반응 매질 내의 점도 등에 기인한다.기인한다.