• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2019

The $S{\bar{u}}tra$ of Great Dhāraṇī of the Uṣṇīṣa-cittā is one of the most widely published scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasty. The sutra is often referred to as a Buddhist medical scripture whose recitation is believed to allay diseases such as difficult birth, chest pain, and infectious and incurable diseases. It utilizes two major methods for healing: reciting and copying the sutra or copying the dharani and talisman which appear at the end of the text with fine cinnabar and ingesting them with aromatic water. In order to understand the medical and historical value of this sutra, this study examines the historical background of its establishment in early China and its migration to Korea in the Goryeo period. This study also investigates the identity and value of the scripture in Buddhist medical history. The oldest known printed texts of the sutra in Korea are dated to the late 11th century. Because of the material benefits of the text, the tradition of printing and distributing the sutra was very popular between the 13th and 19th centuries. Therefore, examples of the sutra having been used for medicinal purposes during rites are found in historical records. Finally, the study tries to identify the relationship between the treatment methods of the Sutra and those of Korean traditional medicine focusing on several Korean traditional medical texts such as the Hyangyak-Jibseongbang (Compilation of Native Korean Prescriptions), the Donguibogam, and the Euibang-Hapbu.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

This study analyzed "Bukgwol Dohyeong (Drawing Plans for the Northern Section of Gyeongbokgung Palace)", which is an important source material for the restoration of the palace, by applying Paltaekron, the geomantic principle of bearings, in order to clarify the building layout principle of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace shows the typical geographical conditions that meet the principle of Baesan Imsu (mountain in the back and water in the front) which takes Baegaksan Mountain as the main mountain and the overall layout of the buildings that meet the principle of 'Jeonchak Hugwan (narrow in the front and broad toward inside)' by using the natural topography that meets the principle of 'Jeonjeo Hugo (low in the front and higher toward back).' It is estimated that this layout and arrangement must have been led by geomantic principle of bearings. The analysis of the building layout plan of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the late Joseon Dynasty Period suggests the application of two methods: one is to divide central area from Gwanghwamun Gate to Geoncheongung Hall into eight layers and the other is to apply the bearings of the Eight Trigrams based on the building that becomes the center. As a result, the gate, main hall, and kitchen of all major buildings where the royal family lived are located in the auspicious bearings according to the geomantic principle of bearings while the spaces where people other than the royal family such as those who served the royal family and the officials operated in the palace or the hall that enshrines the ancestors such as Taewonjeong Hall are located in the ominous bearings. Therefore, the buildings of Gyeongbokgung Palace are arranged based on the geomantic principle of bearings.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

This study describes a large recumbent fold, which occurs at the north entrance slope of the Batjae tunnel, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, and interprets its formation mechanism. The several-hundred-meter scale fold, developed in the Jeongseon Limestone of the Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup, has a nearly horizontal axial plane and its head is facing north. Stretching lineations ($L_1$) observed on the composite foliations of bedding and axial plane cleavage plunge southward at about $10^{\circ}$. Small A-type or eye-shaped sheath folds together with S-shaped asymmetrical folds are often observed in the fold limbs and their axes are nearly parallel to the lineations ($L_1$) within center and rear parts of the fold. It is thus interpreted that the recumbent fold is a large sheath fold produced by the top-to-the-north ductile shearing due to the Songrim orogeny during the late Paleozoic to Triassic.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

"Hon-Chon-Jeon-Do" is a woodcut star map with the size of $79.4cm{\times}127.5cm$, and was widely disseminated as it was made into a set with Kim, Jung Ho's "Yeoji-Jeon-Do". This study confirmed that Yixiang kaocheng xubian ("의상고성속편") star catalogue was used as a source to produce the star map, and the stereographic projection was applied with the projection center being the mid-point (Q) between the celestial and ecliptic north poles. The 'mid-circle' around the Q is arisen between the equator and the ecliptic, and on this circle, the hour angle and the ecliptic longitude of a star can be marked using the same scale. This means that the hour of the day and the season of the year can be read on the same dial of the mid-circle, and the application of this character in the practical use was the key point of the star map production. By observing either transits or positions of the 28 xiu (宿), it is easy to find the corresponding season and time by simply reading the dial on the mid-circle. This is just the function of a portable almanac and thus by disseminating it widely, the convenience of the people would have been promoted. For this reason, it can be stated that "Hon-Chon-Jeon-Do" was a practical astronomical tool which was produced by the western astronomical projection method and was used to find time and season. Choi, Han Ki and Kim, Jung Ho are strong candidates for the makers of this star map. The time of production is estimated to be 1848 ~ 1857, and "Hon-Chon-Jeon-Do" could be regarded as a good contributor to popularization of astronomy in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine adaptation types of urban tissue in Ipjeong-dong area, Seoul. Ipjeong-dong area has urban tissue those were made during Joseon dynasty and this is remaining even in the present time. This area was originally urban hanok residential districts till late 1950s. However, it has changed into machinery manufacture business area after demolition of Cheonggyechon shantytown. After several workshops and stores moved in this area, manufacturer and merchants required for more spaces due to lack of room for machinery. To place more workshops in the block, lot alteration were happened and accessibility to workshops inside the block were required. Adaptive road network which is main form of adaptative urban tissue were made to adapt in this kind of poor urban condition. To research about adaptive urban tissue making, distribution were explored and comparison tasks between various cadastral map of 1940, 1964, 1970s and 2017 were conducted. From these tasks, certain types of adaptive urban tissues and characteristics of these elements were found. First of all, forms of adaptive road depend on the surrounded environment. Connecting internal building corridor with original road system is categorized as Type A. Altering a portion of the buildings to make adaptive roads is categorized as Type B. Second, there were two types of formation of adaptive road. Type 1 is for adaptive road which is independent gesture from original road network. Type 2 is for adaptive road which is altering the form of original road network by lengthening or connecting two different dead-end roads.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.129-140
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to reconsider existing hypotheses on the orinination and changes of changbang-anchogongs and their types and suggest an alternative hypothesis. The earliest changbang-anchogongs in $17^{th}$ century is presumed to originate as imitations of chungbang ppaelmoks for ornamental and reinforcing parts for changbangs. They were framed whole sides of buildings equally, and were used in small numbers of extant royal buildings and Buddhist halls. From late $17^{th}$ century, enlarged dragon shape changbang-anchogongs applied to Buddhist halls maily to decorate and strengthen front side of buildings. As a result of exchange between changbang-anchogongs and Ikgong type brackets, combined changbang-anchogongs in Buddhist halls were invented for stronger connection with upper bracketing units and have been spread during $18^{th}$ century. Danpyeongbang anchogongs were originated by the connection between short pieces of pyeongbangs and early type of anchogongs similar to ppaelmoks. They belong to minority subtype, but were drawn in illustrations by mistake, as parts of main halls of royal palaces from $19^{th}$ century, because of painter's confusion about new techniques for changbang-anchogongs. Combined changbang-anchogongs for royal buildings were presumed to be invented in 1790s by stimulation from a Buddhist hall related to royal tomb. However, unlike Buddhist precedence, they were used to reinforce and decorate whole sides, even corners, of buildings, and their frameworks and shapes were imported from Daeryang-anchogongs at flanks of ritual halls in royal tombs and royal shrines from $17^{th}$ century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 2022

Research on the birth (起源) and names (語源) of foods such as kimchi is important to understand traditional food culture. kimchi, an 'add flavored, fermented, pickled, vegetable food' was initially prepared with the simple purpose of increasing storage capabilities, but later, through a complex process of change, morphological diversification occurred. In addition to the basic name of 'kimchi', each variety has its unique name and history. This study was conducted through qualitative research using various research methods, such as oral records and interviews, as well as investigation of data from literature, including ancient literature, modern cookbooks, newspapers, magazines, papers, and videos. The study sought to investigate the context and the meaning of the name Chonggak kimchi. In addition, it is a compilation of how the name spread through the ages and evolved to its current name. The name Chonggak kimchi did not exist during the Joseon Dynasty and Japanese occupation and first appeared in the records in the late 1950s. Nevertheless, the original name of 'Altarimu kimchi' evolved and finally became a part of the standard Korean language (標準語) in 1988. In the process of the name spreading and becoming popular, the movie "Chonggak kimchi (1964)," starring Shin, S.I., and Eom, A.R. played a significant role. It was also confirmed that this was a meaningful and valuable case of contentization of traditional food culture, regardless of the intention behind the same.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

The embroidered Kasaya is the twenty-five column Kasaya of Triratna: Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. Even though it is a representative artifact of embroidery, the method of manufacturing heavily depends on the collector's reports. This study focuses on the prayer's recorder: Gonmyeong Park, born in Muja, and Ven. Haebung, who acted as a historical investigator of embroidered Kasaya. The beginning of Haebung's public record was in 1815, and his entrance into nirvana in 1826. The birth year of prayer in Muja was 1768. Therefore, the embroidered Kasaya was manufactured at the end of the 18th century or the early 19th century. Haebung appears to have played a critical role in historical investigation, and consequently the 125 icons of Triratna are almost identical in three treasures: the Kasaya at Seonamsa Temple, the embroidered Kasaya, and the painting of the embroidered Kasaya at Cheongnyongsa Temple. The embroidered Kasaya was particularly affected by the religion of a thousand Buddhas and by Triratna in the late Joseon era. Unlike the Kasaya of a thousand Buddhas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the embroidered Kasaya shows the Triratna in detail, suggesting that the icons of Triratna were newly created.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

This study investigated the stone Angbu-ilgu (scaphe sundial) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the Seoul Museum of History (SMH). Since the first Angbu-ilgu was produced in Korea in 1434 (the year of the reign of King Sejong), Angbu-ilgu has been reproduced with various materials. The upper surface of these two stone Angbu-ilgus symbolizes the horizon. On the hemisphere concave at the center of the horizon, the South Pole, the time line, and the season line are engraved. On the horizon of both the KMA and SMH Angbu-ilgus, the schematic, typeface, and composition of the inscription completely coincide with each other. In this study, it was estimated that the appearance of the KMA Angbu-ilgu, which was damaged at some point previously at least once, was similar to that of the SMH Angbu-ilgu, and this means that it is superficially similar with Treasure No 840, the stone horizontal sundial. In the concave hemisphere of both the stone Angbu-ilgus of the KMA and SMH, there are hour lines and 24 solar-term lines (13 line), and there is an intersection point where these lines meet the horizon, respectively. It can be verified that these intersections of these two Angbu-ilgus can be calculated as having a latitude of +37°39'15". The hour lines of the two stone Angbu-ilgus show that they were made after about 1900.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

Korean architecture classifies Banja (the decorated flat of the ceiling visible from the inside) of Royal Palaces into two types: Woomul(water-well, 井) banja, which inserts rectangular wooden board into lattice frame, and paper banja, which applies paper to the flat ceiling. Such classification was established in the 19th century. Before that, Banja was classified according to what was inserted into the lattice frame, either wooden or paper board. At first, the banja that used paper board was widely installed regardless of the purpose or nobility of the building. However, since the 17th century, the use of paper board banja became mostly restricted to Ondol (Korean floor heating system) rooms which are characterized by private usage and the importance of heating, and it was considered inferior to wooden board banja in terms of rank or grace. The contemporary paper banja was mainly installed in low-rank ondol rooms until the late 19th century to early 20th century, when roll-type wallpaper was introduced from the West and the paper banja came to decorate the King's and Queen's bedrooms. The traditional paper board banja benefits heat reservation, reduces the weight of the ceiling, and allows the adjustment of the lattice frame size. Furthermore, it can feature unique artistry if covered with blue, white, or red Neung-hwa-ji (traditional flower pattered paper).