• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.332-337
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• 2008

The supply of digital homes has been increasing but digital home services which meet consumer needs under the various conditions have not identified. The purpose of the study was to investigate the residents' characteristics living in digital apartments with comparison of their innovativeness toward technology. Residents who lived in two apartment complexes equipped with fundamental digital home services(Level 1 service) were selected to conduct the survey. A total of 500 responses were used for data analyses. Responses were classified into three groups based on their innovativeness toward technology for data analyses. The results of the study showed that residents' socio-demographic and housing related characteristics differed according to their acceptance trait of new technology. Early adopters and early majority were younger, higher income, and more educated than late adopters. Also, they were more likely to be renters and consider installation of digital home services before they moved in. Respondents who had higher innovativeness tended to experience more positive life changes after using digital home services and possessed more and many digital appliances. Remote control and remote meter reading service were the most preferable features among digital home services without no differences in three groups.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.351-353
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• 2010

To investigate the population densities of potential malaria vectors, Anopheles species were collected by light traps in malaria endemic areas, Paju and Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Five Anopheles Hyrcanus sibling species (An. sinensis, An. pullus, An. lesteri, An. kleini, and An. belenrae) were identified by PCR. The predominant species, An. pullus was collected during the late spring and mid-summer, while higher population consists of An. sinensis were collected from late summer to early autumn. These 2 species accounted for 92.1 % of all Anopheles mosquitoes collected, while the other 3 species accounted for 7.9%. Taking into account of these population densities, late seasonal prevalence, and long-term incubation period (9-13 months) of the Korean Plasmodium vivax strain, An. sinensis s.s is thought to play an important role in the transmission of vivax malaria in the study areas.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1996

The taxa of phytoplankton in the Dongbok reservoir consisted of 6 classes, 9 orders, 4 4 suborders, 21 families, 42 genus, 86 species, 4 varieties and 1 formula; totally 91 t taxa appeared. It contained 3 major groups that is Chlorophyceae 51 taxa(56.0 % the most high rate), Bacillariophyceae 23taxa(25.2%), Cyanophyceae 10taxa(10.9%). The most abundant with 47 taxa was in December, the least with 11 taxa was in March during research every month. The component ratio of biomass each main groups, Bacillariophyceae(51 %, the most h high rate), Cyanophyceae(38.9%), Chlorophyceae(9.8%). The most abundant class at the biomass component ratio were Cyanophyceae which contained 82.6-98.0 % of it in May and September, Chlorophyceae 79.0% in August, and Bacillariophyceae increased continuously, specially in winter and autumn. The seasonal dominant groups were Microcystis aemginosa belong to Cyanophyceae in spring and autumn, some species of Chlorophyceae in summer and Melosira granulata belong to Bacillariophyceae in winter and late autumn. Dominant index ranged from 0.33 to 0.95. The season of the lowest index was autumn and the highest was spring. Species diversity indices ranged from 1.09 to 3.99. The water environmental factors of the Dongbok reservoir were that the values of water temperature ranged between $2.4~28.9^{\circ}C$, pH 7.2~8.3, conductivity 77.0~105.5us/cm, and transparency 1.2~2.8m, also the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO) ranged of 6.9-14.6mg/L, total nitrogen(T-N) 0.38-1.84mg/L, total phosphorus (T-P) 0.011~0.028mg/L, and chlorophyll-a $7.0~29.9mg/m^3$. In this research the proper temperature of water for algae growth, $15~20^{\circ}C$, was maintained in April. May, November and December 1 The number of species that induced water color were 14 species, that caused taste-and-odor problems were 3 species and that caused filter clogging were 5 species. A Among them, the bloom of Anahaena macrospora that caused odor problem occurred l in May and of Microcystis aeruRinosa and M. lνensenberRii that caused filter clogging in May and September.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1996

Rye(Secale cereale L.) shows lower dry matter yield and nutrient content when it was harvested before wintering. This study was conducted to investigate how effect forage rape(Brassicu napus Subsp oleifera), which carries early maturity and can be harvested before wintering, on the increase of the forage yield and nutrient content when rye was sown mixed with the rape. Optimum sowing rate of the rye/rape mixture was also pursued in this study. The five treatment of rye single, rape single, ryel20+rape 1Okg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha were sown on 2 September 1989. Rape single plot was cut one time(l9 November 1989) and the other plots were cuted two times(19 November 1989 and 20 May 1990). In botanical composition of the mixtures, rape recorded dominant ratio with 64~69% at the autumn cut. The rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot marked the highest dry matter yield with 4.46t/ha among all the experimental plot at the autumn cut(P<0.05). In year total yield of dry matter(t/ha), rye single, rape single, rye120+rape IOkg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha marked 13.6, 4.1, 12.7, 12.9 and 11.8, respectively. In crude protein content, the rye single plot was 17.2% at the autumn cut on the other hand the mixture plots showed increasing tendency with 18.0~19.9%. In crude fiber content, the mixture plots were remarkably lower than rye single plot. In year total yield of crude protein, rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot showed the highest yield with 1.6lt/ha among all the experimental plots. Ratio of crude protein yield to crude fiber yield, rye84+rape 7kg/ha tended to be higher than the other mixture plots. It is confirmed that the rye/rape mixture can produce more forage than the rye single cropping when they are harvested in late autumn, besides the mixture forage contains higher crude protein than that rye single forage. It can be said that the rydrape mixture is more useful than the rye single cropping, and optimum sowing rate of the mixture is 84kg/ha of rye+7kg/ha of rape.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.392-395
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• 2006

This research tried to observe transition quality of unit plan for public space Korea public operated house since the 1950s. Plane of public-operated house had continually accommodated lifestyle change until present from the late 1950s. "Frontward 3 urface unit 3LDK'composition plans become settle by the representative plane after the 1990s. The process that with special quality change of public space the relation is deep. it is proposed consequently to analyze the space special quality change of the public operated house unit plan style.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2006

After incoming the notion of eco-friendly building, many organizations developed green building assessment programs and in the late of 2001, those programs were unified to one program, 'Green Building Certification(GBC)'. Many problems, however, arose after unification of programs and now the study to solve those problems is impending. The purpose of this study is to make suggestions to solve problems of GBC through analyzing characteristics of several abroad and well developed programs. The key points of the analysis were 1) characteristics of assessment organizations, 2) structures of programs, and 3) characteristics of assessment methods and systems. The results of the study showed that GBC didn't have any positive connections with the academia, the developer and the consumer, and did have lack of assessment efficiency and accuracy.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

To develop sustainable management strategies for oyster farms in Pukman Bay, Korea, we estimated primary production using a numerical model. Because oysters are filter feeders, estimations of primary production (PP) are essential in developing management strategies. The daily PP ranged from 0.07 to 1.5 gC/$m^2$/d and showed significant spatial variations. The spatial distribution of PP was strongly associated with hydrodynamic features, and distinct patterns were observed in three different regions. In the inner bay, high PP was directly influenced by urban and agricultural sewage. The middle part of the bay had low PP, whereas PP in the outer area was high. PP was relatively low during the main oyster growth season, from late autumn to early winter. These findings represent important information for developing a management model for oyster farms in Pukman Bay.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Sea surface temperature derived from infrared images of NOAA satellites showed a warm eddy in the East Korean Bight(EKB) or Donghan Man during the winter 1997${\sim}$2000. To describe the warm eddy in the EKB, hydrographic data collected in 1934 and 1936 were also analyzed. The center of the warm eddy was located at about $39^{\circ}N$ and $129^{\circ}E$. The temperature and salinity of the eddy was about $4.0^{\circ}C$ and 34.0 psu, respectively, at 100m depth. The eddy rotated anticyclonically with a geostrophic current speed of about 20 cm/s. The mean state calculated from the data of 1922${\sim}$1960 showed the existence of a warm eddy over the EKB in winter. The eddy persists until late spring, and disappears from the previous location in summertime, only to be seen again in autumn.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.273-276
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the design characteristics of apartments built in Daegu between 1970 and late 1990s as well as the changes of such characteristics through newspaper advertisements. Newspaper advertisements were limited to apartment advertisements put in Maeil Shinmun, a new paper published in Daegu, from 1970 to 1999. 299 cases of apartment advertisements were used for analysis. The analysis criteria used included indices that suggest the situations of the times and the changes of architectural contents on the basis of the previous studies and reports on housing environment evaluation indices.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

I conducted extensive analyses of daily weather data of precipitation and temperature monitored from the Surface Synoptic Meteorological Station in Seoul from 1 October 1907 to 31 December 2009 to understand how the climate is changing and the ecological implications for Seoul, Korea. Statistical analyses of the data, including the lengths of seasons and growing degree-days (GDD), showed a clear warming trend in the Seoul area over the study period. The mean daily temperature in Seoul increased by $2.40^{\circ}C$ over the period of one hundred years, which was about three times faster than the global trend and it was striking to notice that mean daily temperature in Seoul in recent 30 years was increasing with the rate of $5.50^{\circ}C$ per hundred years, which is an extremely fast rate of increase in temperature. In the last 100 years, an increase in the number of summer days was apparent, coupled with a reduction in the average number of winter days for about 27 to 28 days based on the analysis of mean daily temperature. Although the lengths of spring and autumn have not changed significantly over the century, early initiations of spring and late onsets of autumn were quite apparent. Total annual precipitation significantly increased at the rate of 2.67 mm/year over the last 100 years, a trend not apparent if the analysis is confined to periods of 30 to 40 years. The information has the potential to be used not only for better understanding of ecological processes and hydrology in the area, but also for the sustainable management of ecosystems and environment in the region.