• 한국인구학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.71-95
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• 2007

이 글은 조선후기 호적자료외 양자계승기록을 단서로 조선후기 양반가족의 가계계승 원리와 가족유형을 규명해 보고자 한다. 이 글의 분석자료는 1669년에서 1913년까지 의성김씨 호구단자이다. 분석 결과 조선후기의 가족형태와 조선전기나 조선중기의 가족형태 사이에 많은 차이가 발견되었는데, 그 변화의 방향은 부계계승원리의 강화이며 그 한가운데 양자제도가 자리하고 있었다. 분석자료의 전체 호구 평균가구원수는 5.66명으로 17세기 초에 비해 가족규모가 매우 커졌으며 가족구성원의 친족 범위도 매우 넓어져, 17세기 초 양반가의 가족원이 되는 근친자 종류가 6종의 자였던 데 비해 의성김씨 호구단자에 나타난 그것은 무려 70종이었다. 조선전기 양반가 분석결과와 달리 의성김씨 집안의 가족형태는 직계가족, 방계가족의 비율이 45%를 넘을 뿐 아니라 18세기, 19세기 모두 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 가족형태는 확대가족이고 부부가족의 비중은 1/3 수준으로 약화되는 등, 가구구성의 친족범위가 더욱 확장되었다. 의성김씨 호구단자에서 입양을 통해 가계를 계승한 사례는 전체 호구 가운데 무려 33.8%에 이른다. 적장자가 호주자리를 승계할 때까지 살아 있을 확률이 낮았던 당시의 인구학적 환경 속에서 적장자가계계승 원리를 확고하게 지키는 방법으로 활용된 것이 양자제도였음을 다시 한 번 확인할 수 있었다. 조선후기 종족집단은 자신의 직계혈통에게 가계를 계승하는 것보다도 입양을 통해서라도 '적장자 자리'라는 명분을 유지하는 것이 더욱 중요했던 사회이고 이런 양반가의 소임을 다하기 위해 적임자를 찾을 때까지 호주대리인을 내세우는 등 양자제도를 보편화시켰던 것이다. 또한 제작된 믹서는 외부의 IF 발룬을 필요하지 않아 소형화가 가능하다. 본 논문에서 설계 및 제작된 94 GHz MIMIC single balanced cascode믹서는 기존의 balanced 믹서와 비교하여 높은 격리 특성을 나타내었다.L 및 FPGA를 이용하여 실시간으로 구현 검증되었다. 0.25um CMOS 표준 셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성하였을 때, 총 게이트 수는 37K개였으며 7.5개의 라인 메모리가 사용되었다. 추적관찰이 필요하겠다.다.참굴 D상 유생을 대상으로 먹이효과를 조사한 결과 실험구와 대조구간 유생의 성장 및 생존율에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.C$에서 73.3%, $10^{\circ}C$에서 63.3% 및 $5^{\circ}C$에서 56.7%로 수온이 $30^{\circ}C$ 이내에서는 높을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 염분에 따른 잠입 실험 결과는 실험 개시 300분 경과 후 염분 30 psu에서 93.3%로 가장 높았고, 35 psu에서 90.0%, 25 psu에서 83.3%, 20 psu에서 60.0%, 15 psu 이하에서는 거의 잠입이 이루어 지지 않았다. 따라서, 적정 살포를 위한 잠입률은 치패의 크기와 상관없이 저질종류는 모래 (75%) + 뻘 (25%), 입자크기는 1 mm 모래에서 높게 나타났다. 공기 중 노출시간은 짧을수록, 수온은 $30^{\circ}C$ 이내에서 높을수록, 염분은 20-35 psu 이내에서 높을수록 잠입률이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 교수학습모형에 관련된 지식을 묻는 내용으로 주로 출제되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

19세기말부터 진행된 지구온난화를 규정하기 위해서는 기상관측목적의 지표대기온도(Surface air temperature; SAT) 측정이 시작된 19세기말 이전의 온도 자료가 필요하다. 다행히 과거의 지표온도(Ground surface temperature; GST)가 지중으로 전파되어 기록된 시추공 온도자료로 일반적으로 과거 약 1,000년 전까지의 기온변화에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 시추공 온도자료로부터 복원된 과거의 기온변화의 정보는 19세기말부터 시작된 지구온난화를 규정하고 또한 그 이전에 있었던 소빙하기(Little Ice Age)와 중세온난기(Medieval Warm Period) 같은 기후변화를 알아내는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Beginning in the late 19th century, construction of skyscrapers spread throughout Chicago, New York City, and then the world as demand of space in buildings and increase of cost of land. With this change curtain wall systems have evolved to be more visually complex; these unique profiles of the skyscraper became powerful images and symbols of our cities. A curtain wall is defined as usually aluminum-framed wall containing in-fills of glass and metal panels. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

The problem of defining the relationship between interior space and exterior envelope of a building has long been a challenging task in the field of architecture throughout its history. This research chronologically reviews some of the important turning points in various schools of thoughts concerning construction of exterior envelope, with focus on how they influenced and altered the formation of our interior environment. This research also stipulates on how technological advance in the late 20th century laid grounds for a new type of interior-exterior relations in architecture through creation of flexible and ambiguous boundary conditions. The focus of this qualitative research will be on contemporary works of Japanese architects Toyo Ito, SANAA, and related group of architects who address the issues of transparency, flexible interior layout, buffer zones, structural facade, and neutralized (homogeneous) space that produces spatial quality of non-linear, non-hierarchical, and de-materialized space as a direct alternative to modern principles of space making.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2000

Since the late 19th Century, modern architecture of definite figure and form shared similar concepts on space and from with the abstract art, pursuing the geometric purity and the abstraction. So the reductive approach had been taken in modern architecture as well as on modern art. The 1960 minimal art had experimented an extreme reduction with the cubic forms and the plane canvases, embodying so called minimal-art content, it was just another version of modernism art interpreted by the extreme reduction. The reduction is a characteristics of modernism adopted in every art field, including architecture. Not from the apparent, but from the essential quality of architectural form, figure and space resulting from the reductive approach, a building in this trend schould be judged and appreciated. In many aspects, Korean traditional architecture has been shown the characteristics of Minimal Architecture. With these points of view, this study analyzes characteristics of Korean traditional architecture with above contents through the form and space.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2018

Tall buildings which began from about 40 m tall office towers in the late $19^{th}$ century have evolved into mixed-use megatall towers over 800 m. It is expected that even mile-high towers will soon no longer be a dream. Structural systems have always been one of the most fundamental technologies for the dramatic developments of tall buildings. This paper presents structural systems employed for the world's tallest buildings of different periods since the emergence of supertall buildings in the early 1930s. Further, structural systems used for today's extremely tall buildings over 500 m, such as core-outrigger, braced mega-tube, mixed, and buttressed core systems, are reviewed and their performances are studied. Finally, this paper investigates the potential of superframed conjoined towers as a viable structural and architectural solution for mile-high and even taller towers in the future.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

Reaseach efforts regarding the handicap system for the fair determination of the ranking of yacht racing for various sizes have started in the end of 19th century led by Europe and America.The development of the handicap system started in 1952 as inshore and offshore races began. A simple empirical handicap system has been selected by IOR and IMS rule in mid 70's, and more advanced technique based on theoretical and computer simulation has been selected in late 70's by IMS rule. While each techniques have relative merits, it is found that the simple empirical handicap system is more effective than the advanced technique in term of reliability and easiness of use as more racing records are accumulated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.737-745
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• 2009

Since it's introduction in the late 19 century, the railway has taken an important role as people's feet and has conducted a stable management due to it's exclusive position for a long time. However, the competitions with other transportation devices such as cars and airlines are making it's previous position more or less weaker. In 1998, celebrating 100th anniversary, Korea Railway established the Customer Satisfaction Service Charter for the purpose of overcoming this competitive weakness, and as well to enhance it's service quality. The main purpose of this article is to depict and review the effectiveness of Customer Satisfaction Service Charter that has been adapted for a decade, and to suggest some effective supporting system that can make the charter to function more efficiently, and that would lead to the better realization of customer satisfaction service.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

The emergence of tall buildings in the late $19^{th}$ century was possible by using new materials and separating the role of structures and that of non-structural walls from the traditional load-bearing walls that acted as both. The role of structures is more important in tall buildings than in any other building type due to the "premium for height". Among the walls freed from their structural roles, façades are of conspicuous importance as building identifiers, significant definers of building aesthetics, and environmental mediators. This paper studies dynamic interrelationship between the evolution of tall building structural systems and façade design, beginning from the early tall buildings of skeletal structures with primitive curtainwalls to the recent supertall buildings of various tubular and outrigger structures with more advanced contemporary curtainwalls.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

Various materials related the names of objects were published in the late Joseon Dynasty. The medicine-related vocabulary contained in these data is important data for examining the practice of medicine at the time. Jaemulbo (Genealogy of talent and things) is a document on the names of things written by Lee Man-young in 1798. Through this study, the medical vocabulary in Jaemulbo was broadly investigated and analyzed and the following claims are made: 1. Jaemulbo provides a wealth of information on the medical terminology used in the 19th century. 2. The selection of medical vocabulary included was made according to the purpose of tools such as cultured books and dictionaries. 3. Jaemulbo is an example of using Jingyuequanshu (Whole book of Jingyue) before 1790. 4. Jaemulbo reflects the experience and knowledge of pharmacology after Donguibogam.