• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.70-74
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• 2014

On this study, we researched the in-process monitoring during fiber laser welding as well as on the first paper. On the previous/formal study, we analyzed the change of emission signal on thin plate welding. On this study, however, we analyzed RMS and FFT with emission signals in laser welding on lap joint and butt joint of 8mm-thick 316L stainless steel. As the result, the movement of specific frequency peak was observed according to welding speed changes. Furthermore, frequency peak as a result of FFT on the thick plate welding are much clearer than on the thin plate welding. Therefore, it is expected that the welding parameter changes can be predicted in case of applying FFT to in-process monitoring.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

For laser welding in shipbuilding industry, gap bridging capability is one of the most important characteristics to achieve the high productivity and good weld quality. Recently, laser-GMA hybrid welding process is regarded as a distinctive method to overcome the tight gap tolerance with improving the productivity. In this study, the influence of process parameters on the bead formation was experimentally analyzed and the relationship between the process parameters and geometric imperfections was investigated. It was revealed that undercut, excessive weld metal, excessive penetration and incompletely filled groove were the major geometric imperfections. The optimized wire feeding and arc pressure were necessary to ensure the gap bridging ability. The approach to select the process parameters was conducted for butt welding with up to 2mm joint gap, in which the sound weld beads were generated without changing the welding speed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2006

Laser welding of metals has been widely used to improve a wear resistance and a corrosion resistance of the industrial parts. The objective of this research works is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as the welding for metals with CW Nd:YAG lasers. The bead-on-plate welding tests are carried out for several combinations of the experimental conditions. In order to quantitatively examine the characteristics of the butt welding, the welding quality of the cut section, stain-stress behavior and the hardness of the welded part are investigated. From the results of the investigation, it has been shown that the optimal welding condition without defects in the vicinity of the welded area and with a good welding quality is 1400W of the laser power, 0.8m/min, 0.9m/min of welding speed and $4{\ell}$ in of pressure for shielding gas.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.8 s.173
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Dissimilar-metal welds(DHWs) are used widely in various industrial applications due to the pratical importance from the technical and economic aspect. However, DMWs have several fabricative and metallurgical drawbacks that can often lead to in-service failures. For example, the most pronounced fabrication faults are hot cracks. Recently, DMWs have used the various of heat source to decrease such as faults. In this paper, the weldability on dissimilar metal welds of Austenite stainless steel and Low carbon steel using a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser was experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted to determine effects of welding parameters, on eliminating or reducing the extent welding zone formation at dissimilar metal welds and to optimize those parameters that have the most influence parameters such as focus length, power, beam speed, shielding gas, and wave length of laser.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 1995

This study deals with the quality and the optimum range of laser cutting process. Cold rolled steel sheets for automobile application were cut by a high power CO$_{2}$ laser system with beam quality of TEM$_{\infty}$ mode. Both process parameters such as travel speed and assist gas pressure, and quality factors were considered to optimize the laser cutting. It was revealed that the thinner the sheet thickness, the less effect of oxidation energy for contributing the cutting process. High speed photographs demonstrated that molten spot on the cut surface moved in a random and vigorous manner according to its viscosity and the flowing direction of assist gas, which resulted in so called striation. Laser cutting produced a very smooth surface of average roughness(Ra) about less than 1.5.mu.m at the optimum range. It was also shown that the characteristics of dross formation was influenced by the flowing durection of assist gas and the fluidity of molten metal drop..

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.978-983
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• 2008

An application of innovative laser+GMA hybrid welding process is presented for reducing bead humping defects in high speed welding and increasing side wall fusion in narrow groove welding without torch or wire oscillation. In this hybrid process, the laser heat input is applied adjacent to the weld pool at a relatively low power density to produce a wider, flatter weld bead. In bead on plate in sheet metal gauges, the hybrid process was able to produce hump-free welds from 70ipm (${\sim}1780mm/min$) to over 150ipm (${\sim}3810mm/min$) of the travel speed compared to the un-assisted GMAW process. A square-butt joint in 15mm A572 Gr50 steel welds was investigated. A square butt joint with a gap of 3.2mm was filled with 6 passes. Liquid Nitrogen calorimetry and innovative $CO_2$ laser reflective optics were also developed to demonstrate the concept of hybrid welding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 1997

This paper describes the effectiveness of laser pulse shaping in eliminating weld defects such as porosity, cracks and undercuts in pulsed Nd:YAG Laser welding. A large porosity was formed in a keyhole mode of deep penetration weld metal of any stainless steel. Solidification cracks were present in Type 303 with about 0.3%s. The conditions for the formation of porosity were determined in further detail in Type 316. With the objectives of obtaining a fundamental knowledge of formation and prevention of weld defects, the fusion and solidification behavior of a molten puddle was observed during laser spot welding of Type 310S. through high speed video photographing technique. It was deduced that cellular dendrite tips grew rapidly from the bottom to the surface, and consequently residual liquid remained at the grain boundaries in wide regions and enhanced the solidification cracking susceptibility. Several laser pulse shapes were investigated and optimum pulse shapes were proposed for the reduction and prevention of porosity and solidification cracking.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.3 s.180
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• pp.47-55
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• 2006

Laser welding of dissimilar metals has been widely used to improve a wear resistance and a corrosion resistance of the industrial parts. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as the welding for SM45C and STS304 with CW Nd:YAG lasers. The bead-on-plate welding tests are carried out for several combinations of the experimental conditions. In order to quantitatively examine the characteristics of the dissimilar welding, the welding quality of the cut section, stress-strain behavior and the hardness of the welded metal are investigated. From the results of the investigation, it has been shown that the optimal voiding condition without defects in the vicinity of the welded area and with a good welding quality is 1600W of the laser power, 0.85m/min of welding speed and $4{\ell}/min$ of pressure for shielding gas.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.54-58
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• 2008

Laser welding with AZ61 filler wire was carried out to improve formability though reduction of porosity and formation of under fill bead. Optimum welding condition and mechanical properties of butt joint for $400{\times}500{\times}1.3mm$ magnesium sheets were studied. Optimal welding conditions of laser power, welding speed, and defocusing length are 1000W, 3m/min, and 2mm, respectively. Results of tensile test indicated that both tensile strength and elongation of specimens welded with filler wire were improved at room temperature because of reduction of porosity and under-filled bead formation in addition to the precipitation hardening and microstructure refinement by Al-Mn and Mg-Al-Zn precipitates. At elevated temperature of $200{\sim}350^{\circ}C$, fracture location of tensile specimen was shifted from weld metal to base metal, indicating less softening of weld metal than base metal.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 1998

In this paper, the laser weldability of thin gage steels for automobile application is discussed. Welding was carried out with a high power carbon dioxide laser system, and the laser energy was concentrated through a plano-convex lens. Test results showed that the joint gap in the butt welding proved to be one of the critical conditions for an acceptable weld. In the case where the ratio of the gap clearance to the material thickness was slightly bigger than optimal value, the weld strength was reduced showing weld metal fracture. It was possible to obtained a weld penetration ratio of 0.91 when the vertical offset ratio was controlled to be 0.4 or smaller. Results also demonstrated that the weld strength of the lap joint was influenced by travel speed. At the travel speeds lower than 37 mm/s, the weld strength indicated higher value than that of class A recommendation strength of a resistance spot weld based on the KS code. It was clear that the complicated effect of specimen alignment should be considered so as to make a sound weld with high integrity when the laser process was applied to the long weld line.