• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare two different gingival depigmentation techniques using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and rotary instruments. Methods: Two patients with melanin pigmentation of gingiva were treated with different gingival depigmentation techniques. Ablation of the gingiva by Er:YAG laser was performed on the right side, and abrasion with a rotary round bur on the opposite side. Results: The patients were satisfied with the esthetically significant improvement with each method. However, some pigment still remained on the marginal gingival and papilla. The visual analog scale did not yield much difference between the two methods, with slightly more pain on the Er:YAG laser treated site. Conclusions: The results of these cases suggest that ablation of the gingiva by an Er:YAG laser and abrasion with a rotary round bur is good enough to achieve esthetic satisfaction and fair wound healing without infection or severe pain. Prudent care about the gingival condition, such as the gingival thickness and degree of pigmentation along with appropriate assessment is needed in ablation by the Er:YAG laser procedure.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.385-390
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• 2018

Laser means "Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". Laser have unique characteristics according to wavelength. Wavelenth of Waterlase is 2780nm and it can be absorbed to water and hydroxyapatite. When laser is applied to some material, its temperature goes up due to laser's energy. But in dental treatment high temperature is not good for teeth. High temperature can make dental pulp and bone necrosis. Waterlase can be absorbed to water droplet, so when it burst, it can cut soft and hard tissue without raising temperature. so it is so proper to dental treatment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.257-260
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• 2009

Gingival hyperpigmentation may cause esthetic problems, especially in patients with a gummy smile. This report presents the use of the $CO_2$ laser for gingival depigmentation. Two cases presented with the same chief complaint of unesthetic gingiva caused by melanin hyperpigmentation. The $CO_2$ laser was setted at 0.8 watt, 40Hz, 0.01sec. The procedure were performed with non-contact mode in all pigmented areas. Ablation of the gingival hyperpigmentation areas were accomplished without any bleeding complications or postoperative pain. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks later, healing is completed and hyperpigmented gingiva appeared pink and firm.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.533-542
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• 2010

Skin aging is a natural phenomenon. There are internal and external factors of skin aging. The internal factor of skin aging is from the wearing down of the body over time. The external factors are more noticeable from habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol, malnutrition, and extended exposure to UV rays. Completely stopping skin from aging is impossible but one can slow down and treat external signs of skin aging. In western medicine, the following methods are used to reduce the appearance of skin aging: applying lotions and creams containing ingredients such as fruit acid, antioxidants, plant exracts, depigmentation, moisturizer, retinoids, and sun block; botulinum toxin injections; chemical peels, laser and other painful methods remove the top layer of skin to promote new skin growth; fillers are injected to increase soft tissue growth; surgery. In oriental medicine, the following methods are used: acupuncture into facial muscles which stimulates acupuncture point; applying topical treatments and cosmetics containing herbs are effective of preventing skin aging and wrinkles. Above all thing, medicine that helps maintain essence and blood in the skin can be fundamental.