• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10697-10703
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• 2015

The laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in the head and neck. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis induce ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL-receptors (DR4, DR5, DcR1, DcR2) are known as important members of TRAIL-mediated biochemical signaling pathway. Associations between polymorphisms in these genes and clinicopathological characteristics of human laryngeal carcinoma are not well defined. This study therefore aimed to investigate a possible relationship among the TRAIL and TRAIL-DR4 polymorphisms and sTRAIL levels in the risk or progression of LSCC. A total of 99 patients with laryngeal cancer and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. DR4 C626G and TRAIL 1595 C/T genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and sTRAIL levels were measured by ELISA. There were significant differences in the distribution of DR4 C626G genotypes and frequencies of the alleles between laryngeal cancer patients and controls (p<0.001) but not in TRAIL 1595 C/T. We found the increased frequency of the DR4 C626G homozygote CC genotype in patients than in controls (p<0.001). Haplotype analysis revealed that there was also a statistically significant relationship between TRAIL and TRAIL-DR4 polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer. Serum sTRAIL levels in the laryngeal patients with CC genotype who had advanced tumour stage were lower than those of patients with early tumor stage (p=0.014). Our findings suggest that DR4 C626G genotypes and sTRAIL levels might be associated with progression of laryngeal cancer in the Turkish population.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-33
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• 2015

The extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma is uncommonly occurred in larynx, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasm. In general, the laryngeal lymphoma is appeared as submucosal mass without mucosal ulceration and is most commonly found in supraglottis. The primary laryngeal lymphoma constitute a diagnostic challenge because they are characterized by absence of clinical and gross differential criteria, compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We encountered a 74-year-old man with hoarseness and lump sensation in the throat. On direct laryngoscope, multiple ulcerative and exudative mass in glottis and supraglottic areas were observed. The patient was finally diagnosed as large B-cell lymphoma through the laryngeal microsurgery. He received radiation therapy and there is no evidence of recurrence. Although the laryngeal mass has superficial mucosal change, primary laryngeal lymphoma must be included in the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Among the patients presented with the chief complaint of voice change, the one with unilaterally injected vocal fold was occasionally found at the out patient clinic. The most patients had rarely improved in symptom with conservative treatment under the impression of chronic laryngitis. Some papers were reported that the injected vocal fold(s) is due to laryngeal tuberculosis hick is sometimes associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated six patients presented unilaterally injected vocal fold with videolaryngoscope and performed histopathologic confirm with laryngeal biopsy respectively. There were low cases of laryngeal tuberculosis, one case of squamous cell carcinoma and one case of chronic larngitis. Proper management was done according to the tissue diagnosis. Pretretment and posttreatment videolaryngoscopic findings as well as some literature review were done.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2975-2979
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• 2015

Background: Telomere length is closely associated with cellular radiosensitivity and WRAP53 is required for telomere addition by telomerase. In this research we assessed radiosensitivity of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cell lines after WRAP53 inhibition, and analyzed the molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods: phWRAP53-siRNA and pNeg-siRNA were constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells with lipofectamine. Expression of WRAP53 was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western-blottin, radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cells was assessed colony formation assay, and the relative length of telomeres was measured by QPCR. Results: The data revealed that the plasmid of phWRAP53-siRNA was constructed successfully, and the mRNA and protein levels of WRAP53 were both obviously reduced in the Hep-2 cell line transfected with phWRAP53-siRNA. After Hep-2 cells were irradiated with X-rays, the $D_0$ and $SF_2$ were 2.481 and 0.472, respectively, in the phWRAP53-siRNA group, much lower than in the control group ($D_0$ and $SF_2$ of 3.213 and 0.592) (P<0.01). The relative telomere length in the phWRAP53-siRNA group was $0.185{\pm}0.01$, much lower than in the untreated group ($0.523{\pm}0.06$) and the control group ($0.435{\pm}0.01$). Conclusions: Decreasing the expression of WRAP53 using RNA interference technique can enhance the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 cell lines by influencing the telomere length. WRAP53 is expected to be a new target to regulate the radiosensitization of tumor cells.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 1994

Neck dissection has become an integral part of the staging and management of head and neck tumors. This paper reports a series of head and neck patients who had pathological findings in their neck dissection specimens, which were unrelated to their primary tumors. In 7 cases, there was unexpected pathology in the cervical lymph nodes which was not related to the primary tumor. Four cases were squamous cell carcinomas and 3 were thyroid carcinomas. In 3 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, there were no evidence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in neck dissection specimen; however, the lymph nodes were found to be involved by metastatic papillary carcinoma in one larynx cancer, metastatic adenocarcinoma in the other larynx cancer, tuberculosis in one nasopharynx cancer. In three of neck dissection specimen of carcinoma(two thyroid carcinomas, one laryngeal carcinoma), dual nodal pathology was found: Each of these specimen contained carcinoma with tuberculosis of the lymph nodes in three cases. In one thyroid carcinoma, there was no evidence of metastasis; however, the lymph nodes were found to be involved by tuberculosis. Preoperative assessment did not reveal any findings to alert us to the possibility of a synchronous pathological process in the cervical nodes of this group of 7 patients. In particular, there was no evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in the 5 patients with active lymph node disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

Tumor of the trachea are uncommon. Trachea tumor are usually diagnosed late in their natural history, because the tracheal lumen may be extensively involved before symptoms occur, and because symptoms may be confused with those of asthma. Some 19% to 29% of the trachea tumor have laryngeal or lung malignancy. Squamous carcinoma is by far the most frequent among tracheal tumor, although adenocarcinoma and oat cell carcinoma have been described so. Oat cell carcinoma in the trachea are aggressive tumors as they are in the lung and elsewhere. Oat cell carcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma are related with tobacco exposure. We presented a case of small cell carcinoma nearly obstructing the trachea and right main bronchus which was partially removed after bronchoscopic ethanol injection, along with a review of the literature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6541-6544
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• 2015

Background: Laryngeal malignancy is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. Affected patients usually present with features that are characteristic of certain subsites. The larynx is oncologically divided into three: supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Studies from Western countries have shown that the glottis is the commonest subsite to harbour laryngeal malignancy. However, the supraglottis has been reported to be the commonest subsite in developing countries, including examples in the Indian subcontinent. To our knowledge, no study has been carried out in western Nepal about the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer to date. The purpose of this study was to analyse the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in relation to its risk factors, age distribution,and preferred subsites and to see if there is any recent change in the subsite wise distribution of laryngeal malignancy in western Nepal. Materials and Methods: Patients of all ages and both sexes with suspected laryngeal malignancy were enrolled in the initial study. Detailed history taking and clinical examination was performed to find out the involved subsite in relation to the clinical features. Direct laryngoscopy was performed to further confirm the subsite and to take biopsy from the growth under general anesthesia. After confirmation of malignancy from the biopsy report, patients were finally included in the study. Data were analysed and observations were made to find out the distribution of laryngeal malignancy in different subsites. Results: The supraglottic larynx was the commonest subsite to harbor laryngeal malignancy. Smoking and alcohol were found to be the common risk factors. The mean age of the patients was in their sixties. Conclusions: Laryngeal malignancy is common in elderly individuals. Supraglottic laryngeal malignancy is the commonest laryngeal malignancy in people who smoke and drink alcohol in Nepal. Avoidance of alcohol use and smoking will be a milestone to reduce the incidence of laryngeal cancers and associated mortality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2187-2191
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• 2015

Background: Protrusive structures formed by migrating and invading cells are termed lamellipodia, filopodia, invadopodia and podosomes. Lamellipodia and filopodia appear on the leading edges of migrating cells and function to command the direction of the migrating cells. Invadopodia and podosomes are special F-actin-rich matrix-degrading structures that arise on the ventral surface of the cell membrane. Invadopodia are found in a variety of carcinomatous cells including squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region whereas podosomes are found in normal highly motile cells of mesenchymal and myelomonocytic lineage. Invadopodia-associated protein markers consisted of 129 proteins belonging to different functional classes including WASP, NWASP, cortactin, Src kinase, Arp 2/3 complex, MT1-MMP and F-actin. To date, our current understanding on the role(s) of these regulators of actin dynamics in tumors of the orofacial region indicates that upregulation of these proteins promotes invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma, is associated with poor/worst prognostic outcome in laryngeal cancers, contributes to the persistent growth and metastasis characteristics of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, is a significant predictor of increased cancer risk in oral mucosal premalignant lesions and enhances local invasiveness in jawbone ameloblastomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2753-2758
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• 2012

Rubia cordifolia Linn, which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, is a well-known herb used in Ayurvedic medicine. In the present study, we investigated the influence of a methanolic extract (RC) on the induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 (human laryngeal carcinoma) cell line, as evidenced by cytotoxicity, morphological changes and modification in the levels of pro-oxidants. Inhibition of cell proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased in a time and dose-dependent manner. Further, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferase (GST) and protein levels decreased and lipid peroxidation increased significantly on RC treatment in a dose dependent manner when compared to controls. Based on the results we determined the optimal dose as 30mg/ ml and the apoptotic effect of RC extract (30 mg/ml) on HEp-2 cells was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based on morphological and ultrastructural changes. RC extract suppressed the proliferation of HEp-2 oral cancer cells inducing apoptotic cell death in vitro. These results point to potential of RC extract as an agent for the treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 1995

The laryngeal cancer is a cancer of secondary sex organ, such as malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and prostate. The clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers are considered somewhat to be different from that of male. As cancer of the larynx is principally a disease of men, many investigations have showed the characteristics of the male laryngeal cancers. For understanding the clinical characteristics of the female laryngeal cancers, we analyzed 21 cases of laryngeal cancer in women, diagnosed and treated in our institute during the last 10 years. The results were, 1) In female subjects, supraglottis was most common subsite of laryngeal cancer(85.7%). 2) On histopathologic grade, the moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (80.9%). 3) The positive neck nodes were 19 %, considered to be lower than that of total laryngeal cancer. 4) The treatment results, the 2 year disease free rate and 5 year survival rate were 88.9%, 83.3%, respectively. These results suggest, therefore, female laryngeal cancers are more likely to be supraglottic cancer than glottic cancer. In spite of high incidence of supraglottic cancer, the nodal metastases are rare, the prognosis appeared to be good.