• Title/Summary/Keyword: larval development

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Distribution and Migration of Larval and Juvenile Sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus in the Coastal Waters off Gangwondo, Korea (강원도 연안의 도루묵(Arctoscopus japonicus) 자치어 분포와 회유)

  • Yang, Jae Hyeong;Yoon, Sang Chul;Park, Jeong-Ho;Choi, Young Min;Lee, Jae Bong;Yoon, Byoung Sun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.649-652
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    • 2013
  • Distribution and migration of larval and juvenile sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus in the coastal waters off Gangwondo were determined monthly from samples collected by a rectangular bottom net in the coastal waters off Gangwondo from March to July, 2011. Fish were collected in abundance from the northern waters from March to June. The average total length (${\pm}SD$) was $11.5{\pm}1.6$ mm in March increased up to $53.5{\pm}3.3$ mm in June. The size distribution of sandfish by depth suggested that the fish grew waters less than 50 m deep until June, before moving deeper waters of around 100 m.

Changes of Serotonin-Immunoreactive Neurons in Developing Larval Brains of Cabbage Butterfly Artogeia rapae (발생중인 배추흰나비의 유충 뇌에서 세로토닌 면역반응성 신경원의 변화)

  • 권도우;윤혜련;정계헌;이봉희
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.348-355
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    • 1995
  • This Investigation was carried out to map the morphological development of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the larval brain of the cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae, during five larval stages. Both the first instar larva and the second instar larva contained twenty serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTi) neurons in each brain. The fibres of 5-HTI commissure was interconnected to two cerebral hemispheres in both brains. However, the 5-HTi commissural fibres was Increased in number in the second-instar larva brain. In the brain of the second Insar larva these 5-HTi fibres formed rich arborization in contralateral neuropils, especially In the posterior parts of it. The third-Instar larva braIn, which Included twenty two 5-HTi neurons, had three groups of 5-HTi commissural fibres. In the fourth Instar larva, the number of 5-HTi fibres as well as 5-HTi cell bodies increased in the brain. The fifth-instar larva brain, which contained fifty four 5-HTi cell bodies, showed the largest number of 5-HTi cell bodies In developing larval brains. The 5-HTi fibres formed richest commissural fibres and some of them run parallel to anteroposterior axis.

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Effects of several insect growth regulators on the development of housefly, Musca domestica L., larvae (IGR계 살충제가 집파리 유충의 발육에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 1998
  • Laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of several insecticides with insect growth regulator (IGR) properties on the larval development of housefly, Musca domestica, which was collected at a large pigpen in Hamyang, Gyeongnam, Korea in 1997. Commercial formulations of the chemicals were diluted with tap water into a range of concentrations, and mixed with larval media. In addition to the IGRs, imidacloprid 5% WP was tested, too. The IGRs treated at the 2nd instar stage induced higher larval mortalities than percentages of malformed pupae. The result were, however, opposite when the IGRs were treated at the 3rd instar stage. Overall mortality resulting from larval death and malformed pupae was dependent on concentration. Diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, flufenoxuron, tebufenozide, and imidacloprid, treated to the 2nd instar larvae, showed mortality over 95 % at concentrations of 5 ppm, 3 ppm, 30 ppm, 5 ppm, over 1000 ppm, 1000 ppm, respectively. Higher concentrations were needed to get the same level. of mortality in the 3rd instar larvae as that in the 2nd larvae. Overall mortality over 95% at the 3rd instar could be get at concentrations of 100 ppm, 10 ppm, 300 ppm, 10 ppm of diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, flufenoxuron, respectively. Tebufenozide (1,000 ppm) and imidacloprid (300 ppm) were less effective than the other chemicals, showing only 36.7% and 86.7% mortalities, respectively. The chemicals also affected pupal weight at high concentrations. Decrease of pupal weight was distinct at high concentrations of teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, tebufenozide, imidacloprid. Diflubenzuron and triflumuron were less effective. From these results it could be concluded that the IGR insecticides can be used as control agents by interfering with moulting and pupation process of housefly, by reducing pupal weight which could be resulted in low fertility and less oviposition.

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Nutrition composition differences among steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powders made from 3 Bombyx mori varieties weaving different colored cocoons

  • Ji, Sang-Deok;Kim, Nam-Suk;Kweon, HaeYong;Choi, Bo Hye;Kim, Kee-Young;Koh, Young Ho
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 2016
  • The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori has been one of the most important domestic animals which have provided with silk fibers for weaving fabrics and a food for a protein and lipid source. In addition, various health improvement effects of diverse silkworm larval powders were reported. Recently we found that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) generated using white-jade (also known as Backokjam) silkworm variety extended healthspan and increased resistance to Parkinson's disease in animal models. Because the colors of cocoons in silkworm varieties were caused by altered signal transduction pathways transporting phytochemicals from intestinal lumens to silk glands, we performed the proximate, amino acid, mineral, carbohydrates, fatty acid, and cholesterol composition analyses of SMSPs of 3 silkworm varieties which were weaving light yellow, golden, and red cocoons. Although most of nutrient compositions among 3 SMSPs were similar, there were significant differences in certain amino acids, minerals, and fatty acid compositions. Red silk silkworm (RS)-SMSP had higher contents of crude proteins and total amino acids than other SMSPs. In addition, the ratio of n-3/n-6 unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the other SMSPs. In contrast Golden silk silkworm (GS)-SMSP had higher ratio of potassium/sodium than the other SMSPs. These nutrient analysis results suggested that 3 SMSPs might have common and unique health improvement effects. Thus, further studies in the functionalities of the 3 SMSPs will reveal unknown their health improvements effects.

Effect of Temperature on the Development of Egg and Larvae of Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) (북쪽말똥성게 (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)의 난발생과 유생의 발달)

  • 이채성;김완기;김두호;정세한;박기영
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.94-98
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    • 2003
  • Effect of temperature (5, 10, 15, 18, 21$^{\circ}C$) on pre-and post-embryonic development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius was studied. The egg, which measured 122.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, became globular. At 18$^{\circ}C$, it attained 4 celled stage at 3 hours after fertilization, hatched after 15 hours, 4-armed larval stage after 3 days and 8- armed larval stage after 20 days. The relationships between temperature (WT) and time (1, hour) required for each of the selected developmental stages are: Hatching: 1/t=0.0036WT+0.0088 Pyramid: 1/t=0.0014Wl-0.0016 4- armed: 1/t=0.0009WT-0.0020 6- armed: 1/t=0.0004WT-0.0005 8-armed : 1/t=0.0002WT+0.0002 Biological minimum temperature for the egg and larval development is calculated as 1.61$^{\circ}C$.

Food of the Larval Gunnel, Enedrias fangi (흰베도라치, Enedrias fangi 치자어기의 식성)

  • KIM Jong Man;KIM Dong Yup;YOO Jae Myung;HUH Hyung Tack
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.484-490
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    • 1985
  • Gut contents of larval gunnels collected in Kyonggi Bay, Yellow Sea were examined in order to understand the feeding habit of the fish. There were some differences in the gut contents depending upon the body length of the fish. Most important food organisms were Copepoda followed by Appendicularia, fish eggs and Decapoda larvae. Although major food organisms were closely related to the size of zooplankton population, the fish showed a positive food selectivity for Copepoda with increasing body lengh, while there was a negative selectivity for Chaetognatha regardless of body length. However, there appeared to be no size preference on the food organisms by the larval gunnel.

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Establishment of Optimal Rearing Conditions for the Production of Tenebrio molitor Larvae (갈색거저리 유충 생산을 위한 효율적인 사육조건 확립)

  • Kim, Sihyeon;Kim, Jong Cheol;Lee, Se Jin;Kim, Jae Su
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.421-429
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    • 2016
  • Tenebrio molitor larvae contain large amounts of proteins, lipids and other functional materials, enabling this insect to be used as an edible food source in animal feeds and for industrialization. Although many efforts have been made to set up mass rearing systems, few studies have been conducted to establish optimal rearing conditions for the production of high quality T. molitor larvae. Herein we investigated 1) the effects of additional diets on the survival and fecundity of the insect, 2) the relationship between oviposition period and the uniformity of larval size, 3) the effects of rearing density and temperature on insect development, and 4) the storage stability of eggs and pupae at low temperatures given possible temporary production discontinuation. The addition of carrot and zucchini to the traditional wheat bran diet significantly increased the survival and fecundity rate of adult T. molitor. Of the three different oviposition sampling periods (3, 7, and 14 days) used to investigate the uniformity of the hatched larvae in each treatment, the period of 3 and 7 days provided higher uniformity than the 14 days oviposition period. Larval development was faster at $30^{\circ}C$ than at 20, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$. Interestingly, oviposition rates were highest at $20^{\circ}C$ but showed much slower larval development and lower uniformity at $30^{\circ}C$. Regarding the effect of larval rearing densities (1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 larvae per 90 mm diam. dish), larval weight was significantly reduced at higher rearing densities, but larval longevity and length were not influenced by rearing density. The 30 larvae/dish is suggested to be a reasonable density to be applied to mass production systems. When kept at $4^{\circ}C$, T. molitor eggs showed a significant reduction in hatching rate; however, when stored under the same conditions, pupae emergence rates remained high until 10 weeks, suggesting that storage at low temperatures is more suitable for the pupal stage than the egg stage. Our findings suggest that an increase in T. molitor adult survival and fecundity rates and a uniformity of hatched larval development can be achieved with the following recommendations: a combination diet (including wheat bran), a 7-day oviposition period; a larvae-rearing temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, a rearing density of 30 larvae/dish, and the storage of pupal stages at low temperatures in the case of rearing discontinuation. This study serves as a strong foundation for the successful mass production of high quality T. molitor larvae.

Complete Larval Development of Chiromantes haematocheir (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae), with a Key to Seven Sesarminid Zoeas in Korea

  • Oh, Seong-Mi;Chung, Dah-Eun;Ko, Hyun-Sook
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2007
  • The complete larval development of Chiromantes haematocheir was obtained by laboratory rearing. Five zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated in detail. Morphological characteristics of the larvae slightly differ from those of Lee (1988), especially in the setal presence of mouthpart appendages. Seven sesarminid zoeas (Parasesarma acis, Parasesarma pictum, Perisesarma bidens, Sesarmops intermedius, Chiromantes dehaani, Chiromantes haematocheir, and Nanosesarma gordoni) can be distinguished from each other in characters of the carapace spines, the antennal exopod and the fork of telson. A provisional key is first provided to aid the identification of seven sesarminid zoeas in Korea.

Larval Development of Balanus trigonus Darwin(Cirripedia: Thoracica: Balanidae) reared in the laboratory

  • LEE Chu;KIM Chang-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.457-467
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    • 1990
  • Sessile barnacle, Balanus trigonus Darwin, was collected from the intertidal rocks and the external shells of bivalve Mylius coruscus. The nauplius and cyprid larvae were cultured in a constant temperature cabinet at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and a light regime of 14 h light and 10 h darkness. Larval development includes the six nauplius stages and a cyprid stage prior to settlement and metamorphosis to the young adult. Morphological characteristics including antennules, antennae and mandibles are described and illustrated. All nauplius larvae have trilobed labra typical in balanoides. The developmental time taken from newly hatched nauplius I to cyprid was $9\~13$ days and averaged 11 days.

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Expression of CyI Cytoplasmic Actin Genes in Sea Urchin Development

  • Hahn, Jang-Hee;Raff, Rudolf A.
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.474-480
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    • 1996
  • We present a study of evolutionary changes in expression of actin genes among closely related sea urchin species that exhibit different modes of early development. For this purpose, polyclonal antisera raised against peptides from the carboxyl terminus of the HeCyI cytoskeletal actin of Heliocidaris erythrogramma were used. H. erythrogramma is a direct developing sea urchin that proceeds from embryonic to adult stages without an intervening feeding larval stage. Expression patterns of the CyI actin isoform were compared with those of Heliocidaris tuberculata and to a related sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, which both produce a feeding pluteus larval stage. The CyI actin of all three species is expressed in the same cell types. However, its expression patterns have been changed with reorganization of early cell lineage differentiation, which is apparent among the three species. Thus. evolutionary changes in CyI actin gene expression patterns are correlated with not only phylogenetic relationship, but developmental mode. The implication of this observation is that evolutionary changes in expression patterns of histospecific genes may underlie the emergence of novel developmental processes.

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