• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2024

Carbon dioxide capture utilization and storage (CCUS) techniques have received significant global attention as they are part of efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Large-scale carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) projects are being actively pursued in North America, the North Sea, the Middle East, and Oceania. Considering the current situation in South Korea, identifying large-scale CCS sites that can secure an annual domestic carbon storage capacity of 30 million tons by 2050 is crucial Therefore, this study analyzed the formation process and geological characteristics of overseas large-scale CCS projects in terms of plate tectonics. We utilized the GPlates program to interpret the formation processes of large-scale CCS projects in North America, the North Sea, Middle East, and Oceania from the perspective of plate tectonics. Additionally, we investigated the geological structure of the CO₂ storage layer and interpreted seismic imaging results obtained from each CCS site. This study will help identify a domestic large-scale CCS site.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2018

This study examines strategies and implementation plans for commercializing $CO_2$ capture and storage, which is an effective method to achieve the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas. In order to secure cost-efficient business model of $CO_2$ capture and storage, we propose four key strategies, including 1) urgent need to select a large-scale storage site and to estimate realistic storage capacity, 2) minimization of source-to-sink distance, 3) cost-effectiveness through technology innovation, and 4) policy implementation to secure public interest and to encourage private sector participation. Based on these strategies, the implementation plans must be designed for enabling $CO_2$ capture and storage to be commercialized until 2030. It is desirable to make those plans in which large-scale demonstration and subsequent commercial projects share a single storage site. In addition, the plans must be able to deliver step-wised targets and assessment processes to decide if the project will move to the next stage or not. The main target of stage 1 (2019 ~ 2021) is that the large-scale storage site will be selected and post-combustion capture technology will be upgraded and commercialized. The site selection, which is prerequisite to forward to the next stage, will be made through exploratory drilling and investigation for candidate sites. The commercial-scale applicability of the capture technology must be ensured at this stage. Stage 2 (2022 ~ 2025) aims design and construction of facility and infrastructure for successful large-scale demonstration (million tons of $CO_2$ per year), i.e., large-scale $CO_2$ capture, transportation, and storage. Based on the achievement of the demonstration project and the maturity of carbon market at the end of stage 2, it is necessary to decide whether to enter commercialization of $CO_2$ capture and storage. If the commercialization project is decided, it will be possible to capture and storage 4 million tons of $CO_2$ per year by the private sector in stage 3 (2026 ~ 2030). The existing facility, infrastructure, and capture plant will be upgraded and supplemented, which allows the commercialization project to be cost-effective.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1980

This study was carried out to investigate the actual environmental paddy storage conditions in conventional Korean farm warehouses. The paddy storage conditions by the locations and sizes of warehouses were figured out. The effectiveness of the small insulated box for storing paddy was also examined. Observations were made at sixteen different warehouses located in Moonsan-Myeon, Jinyandg-gun, Gyungnam Province from July lst to September 28 th, the period which was considered to be the worst for storing grains. The results are as follows ; 1. the average temperatures of rough rice and air inside the warehouse were 0.9 and 0.7$^\circ$ higher than the outside air temperature. 2. The average relative humidity in warehouses was 1.5percent higher than that of the atomosphere. This fact resulted in the increased moisture content of grains. Therefore, the ventilation for equalizing the relative humidity of inside and outside of warehouses was required. 3. The dry matter of stored rough rice was decreased by 1.1 percent in average druing the observation period. In order to reduce the dry matter loss, application of new grain storing method ;hermetic storage or filling inert gas storage, was highly recommended. 4. Environmental conditions for storing rough rice in a warehouse located in a sloping site are, in general , better than those of a warehouse located in a flat site. But as far as the dry matter of rough rice was concerned, above situation is not always satisfactory. Because it is fairly frequent to observe the higher rate of moisture absorption by grains stored in a warehouse located in a sloping site. 5. Environmental conditions for storing rough rice in a large-scale warehouse were better than those in a small size warehouse. Therefore, it is advisible for farmers to store their grins in the large-scale warehouses commonly used by villagers. 6. It was undesirable to store rough in a insulated box.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.157-170
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• 2023

In South Korea, carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques have attracted considerable attention as part of efforts to achieve the 2030 Korean Nationally Determined Contribution. However, owing to delays in large-scale CCS projects in South Korea, interest in cross-border CCS projects, wherein CO₂ captured in South Korea is stored in overseas CCS facilities, has increased. In this study, we investigated the development status of the CarbonNet project in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. First, we provide a brief overview of sedimentary basins and CCS projects in Australia. Subsequently, we review the geological history of the Gippsland Basin, the site of the large-scale CCS project. Finally, we summarize the site selection process for the CarbonNet project and discuss the suitability of the Pelican site for large-scale CCS projects.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

In this paper, we describe construction of a wind stabilization demo-site and effects of output power control of wind turbines for suppression of ramp rate using ESS (Energy Storage System). It is difficult to control the output power of distributed generator such as wind turbine which of variation is very large. If the large capacity wind farm be interconnected into power system may cause blackout due to Power Quality. For these reasons, the international standards such as Grid-Code is limited to less than 10 [%/min] of renewable energy ramp rate. The case of Korea, government actively conducts propagating large-scale renewable energy for green growth policy, to interconnecting more renewable energy into power system is necessary for stabilization technology. For these reasons, the POSCO consortium has constructed a wind stabilization demo-site that is configured as 500 [kWh] battery energy storage systems can output up to 3 [C-Rate] and two wind turbines rated 750 [kW]. In POSCO consortium, which implements various methods stabilizing output power of wind turbine such as smoothing, section firming and ramp control, we derive the results of long-term demonstration that can be controlled to satisfy to the international standard about ramp rate [%/kW] of wind turbine output power.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-160
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• 2018

$CO_2$ storage is a very important technology for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and has been considered as almost the only viable and effective option for immediate large-scale $CO_2$ sequestration. Small-scale demonstration project for offshore $CO_2$ storage in the Pohang Basin is the transitional stage R&D program for technological preparation of large-scale $CO_2$ storage project in Korea. Through the extensive exploration research for prospective $CO_2$ storage sites, the offshore strata in the Pohang Basin was recommended for the storage formation of the small-scale demonstration project. The Pohang Offshore Storage Project launched at 2013, and has accomplished the technical demonstration and technological independence in a wide range of $CO_2$ storage technology, such as geophysical exploration, storage site characterization, storage design, offshore platform construction, injection-well drilling and completion, deployment of injection facility, operation of $CO_2$ injection, and $CO_2$ monitoring. The project successfully carried out $CO_2$ test injection in early 2017, and achieved its final goal for technical development and demonstration of $CO_2$ storage in Korea. The realization of $CO_2$ injection in this project is the measurable result and has been recorded as the first success in Korea. The Pohang Offshore Storage Project has a future plan for the continuous operation of $CO_2$ injection and completion of $CO_2$ monitoring system. The project has provided in-house technical and practical expertises, which will be a solid foundation for the commercial-scale $CO_2$ storage business in Korea. Additionally, the project will help to secure national technical competitiveness in growing international technology market for $CO_2$ storage.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

To evaluate the microbiological quality of pork carcasses at different slaughtering process in large and small scale slaughtering houses, swabbing method was used to analyze microorganisms on the surface of pork belly in each process of before evisceration, after evisceration, before final wash, after final wash and in chilling. In autumn time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms (10²∼10³ CFU/㎠) than those of small scale slaughterhouse (10⁴∼10/sup 5/ CFU/㎠) during all processing lines. Samples from cold room of large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic cells (10² CFU/㎠) than small scale slaughterhouse (10⁴ CFU/㎠). In winter and spring time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms than those of small scale slaughterhouse during the slaughtering process of before evisceration, after evisceration and before final wash, except spring samples from before final wash and chilling at cold room storage in spring time. After final wash, different sampling place of carcass such as belly, ham, jowl showed the different washing effect depending on the small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, ham and belly had lower aerobic cell counts, but jowl had higher aerobic cell counts than each site before final wash.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.172.2-172.2
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• 2010

This study was carried out in order to reduce the installation expense of heating system for greenhouse comparing to geothermal heat pump and develope the coefficient of performance (COP) for a heat pump. For getting plenty of heat flux from geothermal energy. Surface water in river channel was used for getting a lots of geothermal heat by penetrating water through underground soil layer of the river bank that make heat transmission to passing water. The range of water temperature after the process of Ground filtration is 13~18 degrees celsius which is very similar to low heat source of geothermal heat pump system and the plenty amount of heat source from that make the number of geothermal heat exchanging hole and the expense for geothermal heat exchanger construction reduced. Drainage well is also used for returning filtration water to the aquifer that keep the water good recirculation from losing geothermal heat and water resource. For the COP improvement of Heat pump, thermal storage tank with separating insulation plate according to the temperature difference make the COP of Heat pump that is similar to thermal storage tank with diffuser. Developed thermal storage tank make construction expense cheaper than customarily used one's. and that sand filter and oxidation sand (FELOX) are going to be used for improving ground filtration water quality that make heat exchanger efficiency better. All above developed component skill are going to be set on the Ground filtration water source heat pump system and applied for medium, large scale for protected greenhouse in riverside area and on-site experiment is going to do for optimizing the heating system function and overcome the problem happening in the process of on-site application afterward.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of beef carcasses at different slaughtering process in large (>100 cattle/day) and small (<30 cattle/day) scale slaughtering houses. Swabbing method was used to analyze the incidence of microorganisms on brisket surface of beef carcasses in each process of after dehiding, after evisceration, before and final wash, and in cold room. In winter time, large scale slaughterhouse showed lower incidence of aerobic microorganisms (10$\^$0/∼10$^2$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$) than those of small scale slaughterhouse (10$\^$0/-10$^3$ CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$) during the slaughtering process of after dehiding, evisceration and before final wash. But samples from carcasses after final wash and in cold room storage showed no difference in aerobic cell counts between large and small scale slaughterhouse. In spring time, samples showed higher incidence of microorganisms by the log scale 1 than those of winter time in both of small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, different sampling place in carcass such as rump, flank, brisket showed the different washing effect in both of small and large scale slaughterhouse. After final wash, samples from rump showed lower aerobic cell counts, but samples from flank and brisket showed higher aerobic cell counts than samples from each site before final wash.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

The world largest land reclamation project in the name of Saemangeum(Ariul) from 1991 to the present has been implementing in a part of the west coast of Korea. In the Saemangeum reclamation project, the large-scale project cost is used for the landfill reclamation. A number of landfill reclamation methods have been studied in order to reduce the large-scale cost of the Saemangeum project under construction. There are many studies related to the on-site real-time monitoring with mobile systems for operating a wide range of landfill. In order to apply the work method for efficient cost-savings in the landfill operations to the Samangeum project, this paper develops a mobile management system that is composed of a mobile interface module, a data server module for data transmission and storage, and an analysis server module to analyze the input data and derive the results. The mobile system is designed by analysing user's and system requirements, functional interactions, and data flow using unified modeling language(UML). The user interface is developed for the on-site real-time monitoring through the status and related attributes of land reclamation by using the digital maps of the Samangeum coverage via mobile devices. Finally, a mobile management system would be developed that can provide a 3D GIS service based on the Dry Internal Project Site Digging Reclamation Method(DIPSDRM).