• Title/Summary/Keyword: large-scale air pollution

Search Result 50, Processing Time 0.045 seconds

Numerical Analysis of the Inner Flow of a 3-pass Rotary Dryer (3단 회전식 건조기의 내부 유동에 관한 수치해석)

  • Kim, T.S.;Kim, Y.K.;Choi, Y.H.;Choi, K.;Lee, Y.W.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
    • /
    • v.9 no.4
    • /
    • pp.51-57
    • /
    • 2005
  • In order to prevent the environmental pollution, the dryers are commonly used to treat sludge that one of sewages is polluting the quality of water. Generally, the drying method is various as to the property of material and use. Rotary dryer is a good apparatus to treat them. The rotary dryer is the way that is to make substance transmission and heating using hot air between sludge particles and heated gas. In this paper, we performed a numerical analysis of the inner air flow of the 3-pass rotary dryer through the changing rotational speed from 3rpm to 10rpm. In this result, we found that 3rpm is effective to dry material in terms of heat transfer because large scale velocity fluctuation is occurred inside the first and second drum. Also we confirmed that 5rpm and 8rpm showed up uniform flow at the center area of the first drum.

  • PDF

A Study on the Administration for the Han River Water Quality Control (漢江 水質保全 行政에 관한 硏究)

  • Kim, Kwang Hyop
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.9-40
    • /
    • 1984
  • This thesis purports to overview the diverse administrative and organizational factors and plannings developed by the government organizations, municipal or otherwise, to tackle the Han River water pollution issues in the past years. This thesis also looks into the ever-worsening Han River water pollution problems, in particular, in terms of the various government plans ostensibly designed to reduce the pollution level but with little success. Also dealt with are the efficiencies with which the laws and decrees on water pollution the administrative organizations put to use in the prosecution of the diverse antiwater pollution projects involving the Han River basin. From the early 1960's up to the 1970's the government had concentrated on the growth-oriented economic policy with the result that little attention had been paid to the water pollution and other environmental issues that are bound to arise from the massive economic growth. Belatedly, the five-year Hah River Development Project was initiated in 1982 with emphasis on reducing the water pollution level at Hah River to the minimum. The following are the gists of the thesis and recommendations for the future antiwater pollution plans by the administrative organizations: 1. Documents to date indicate that the irrigation projects along the Han River area had been the main focus of attention during the Yi Dynasty and under the Japanese rule of the country. 2. Despite that the water pollution issue became the subject of many debates among the academic and research institutions in the 1960's and in the 1970's, the administrative organizations in charge of the Han River water quality control failed to come up with a concrete plan for the river's water quality control. 3. Nevertheless, the water pollution of the Han River area in fact began in the 1950's, with the unprecedented concentration into Seoul of population and the industrial facilities on a larger scale, in particular, enforced by the government's strong growthoriented policy in its Economic Development plans in the 1960's. 4. Starting in the 1960's, the Han River water pollution level dramatically increased, but the government was reluctant to promulgate or put into effect strong measures to curb the many factors contributing to the river water pollution, thus worsening the environmental issues along the Han River basin. 5. The environmental protection law and other laws and decrees relating to the antiwater and air pollution issues that were subsequently put into effect underwent so many changes that efficient anti-water pollution policies could not be effected for the Han River basin. The frequent organizational reshuffle within the administrative units concerned with environmental problems has resulted in the undue waste in personnel management and finance. 6. The administration on the environmental protection could not be efficiently carried out due to the organizational overlapping. Under the existing law, frequent organizational frictions and inefficiency are bound to occur among the central government offices themselves, as well as between the central government and the Seoul city administration, and among the city's administrative offices over the conservation of the Han River basin and over the river's anti-water pollution issue. 7. In the planning and prosecution of the Han River project, political influences from the president down to the lower-level politicious appear to have been involved. These political influences in the past had certainly had negative influence on the project, nevertheless, it appears that in the recent years, these political influences are not all that negative in view of the fact that they serve as a positive contributing factor in developing a better water quality control project along the Han River basin. The following are a few recommendations based on the data from the thesis: First, officials in charge of the Han River water quality control should pay attention to a careful screening of the opinions and recommendations from the academic circles and from the public should be made so that the government could better grasp the core issues in the environmental problems that require preventive and other necessary measures. Second, vigorous redistribution policies of population and industrial facilities away from the Seoul area should be pursued. Third, the government should refrain from revising or revamping too frequently the laws and decrees on the anti-water pollution, which is feared to cause undue inconveniences in the environmental administration. Fourth, a large-scale streamlining should be made to the existing administrative organization in an effort to do away with the inter- and intra-organizational friction. It is recommended that a secretariat for the Hah River basis conservation be established. Fifth, High-level administrative officials, with a thorough knowledge and vision on the Han River water quality control, should be prepared to better deal with the budgeting and personnel management for the Han River water pollution control not only at the control government, but also at the Seoul city municipal government levels. Environmental issues should be kept distinct from political issues. Environmental issues should not serve as a window-dressing for sheer political purposes. Sixth, the Hah River proiect should also include, along with the main Han River basin, those areas covering North Han River, South Han River, and the tributaries to the main river basin. The 'Han River Basin Water Quality Control Board' should be established immediately as a means of strengthening the current Han River basin water quality control policy. Seventh, in drawing up the Han River proiect, the administrative officials should be aware that Han River basin is a life line for those people in the region, providing them with not only a sheer physical space, but with a psychological living space for their everyday life.

  • PDF

Lead Pollution and Lead Poisoning among Children in China

  • Zheng, Yuxin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
    • /
    • 2003.06a
    • /
    • pp.24-25
    • /
    • 2003
  • Lead is ubiquitous in the human environment as a result of industrialization. China's rapid industrialization and traffic growth have increased the potential for lead emissions. Lead poisoning in children is one of the most common public health problems today, and it is entirely preventable. Children are more vulnerable to lead pollution and lead in their bodies can affect their nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems. Children are exposed to lead from different sources (such as paint, gasoline, and solder) and through different pathways (such as air, food, water, dust, and soil). Although all children are exposed to some lead from food, air, dust, and soil, some children are exposed to high dose sources of lead. Significant sources of lead for China's children include industrial emissions (often close to housing and schools), leaded gasoline, and occupational exposure that occurs when parents wear lead-contaminated clothing home from work, burning of coal for home heat and cooking, contaminated food, and some traditional medicines. To assess the blood lead level in children in China, a large-scale study was conducted in 19 cities among 9 provinces during 1997 to 2000. There were 6502 children, aged 3-5 years, were recruited in the study The result indicates that the mean blood lead level was 8.83ug/dl 3-5 year old living in city area. The mean blood lead level of boys was higher than that of girls (9.1l ug/dl vs 8.73ug/dl). Almost 30 percent childrens blood lead level exceeded 10ug/dl. The average blood lead level was higher than that of in 1985 (8.83ug/dl vs 8.lug/dl). An epidemiological study was carried on the children living around the cottage industries recycling the lead from battery. Nine hundreds fifty nine children, aged 5-12 years, living in lead polluted villages where the lead smelters located near the residential area and 207 control children live in unpolluted area were recruited in the study. The lead levels in air, soil, drinking water and crops were measured. The blood lead and ZnPP level were tested for all subjects. The results show that the local environment was polluted. The lead levels both in the air and crops were much higher than that of in control area. In the polluted area, the average blood level was 49.6ug/dl (rang 19.5-89.3ug/dl). Whereas, in the unpolluted area, the average blood level was 12.4ug/dl (rang 4.6-24.8ug/dl). This study indicates that in some countryside area, some cottage industries induce seriously lead pollution and cause children health problem. For the introducing of unleaded gasoline in some large cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the blood lead level showed a declined trend since 1997. By 2000, the use of leaded gasoline in motor vehicles has been prohibited in China. The most recent data available show that levels of lead in blood among children in Shanghai decreased from 8.3ug/dl in 1997 to 7.6ug/dl in 1999. The prevalence rate of children lead poisoning (blood lead >10ug/dl) was also decreased from 37.8% to 24.8%. In children living in downtown area, the blood lead level reduced dramatically. To explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms and individual susceptibility of lead poisoning, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted among children living in lead polluted environment. The result showed that the subjects with ALAD2 allele has higher ZPP level, and the subjects with VDR B allele has larger head circumference than only with b allele. In the present study, we demonstrated that ALAD genotypes modify lead effects on heme metabolism and VDR gene variants influence the skull development in highly exposed children. The polymorphism of ALAD and VDR genes might be the molecular inherited factor modifying the susceptibility of lead poisoning. Recently, Chinese government pays more attention to lead pollution and lead poisoning in children problem. The leaded gasoline was prohibited used in motor vehicles since 2000. The government has decided to have a clampdown on the high-polluted lead smelters for recycling the lead from battery in countryside. It is hopeful that the risk of lead poisoning in children will be decreased in the further

  • PDF

A Study on the Reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds by Fatsia japonica and Ardisia pusilla (팔손이와 산호수에 의한 휘발성유기화합물 저감효과에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Jeong Eun
    • KIEAE Journal
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.77-82
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study conducted the experiment of reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and Formaldehyde concentration by Native plants, Fatsia japonica and Ardisia pusilla. The two plants are advantageous in that they are highly available as they grow wild, and being easy to get. Fatsia japonica is a plant of its wide and large leaf diverged 7 or 8 parts, which is thought to have a high effect of air purification. Ardisia pusilla has a smaller leaf than Fatsia japonica, which is characterized by more leaves and beautiful. Field measurements were performed using Fatsia japonica and Ardisia pusilla which were verified as air-purifying plants in Korea. The effect of reducing the concentration of VOCs and Formaldehyde by plant studied in a full scale mock-up model. The dimensions of the two models were equal. The concentration of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, Stylene, Formaldehyde were monitored, since they were known as most toxic materials. The concentration of VOCs was monitored three hours after the plants were placed and three days after the plants were placed. Field measurements were performed in models where the plants were placed and were not. As a result, they had all an effect of reducing pollution. In all cases of experiment of planting and growing volume, the more planting volume, the more excellent the effect. Toluene was more effective in Fatsia japonica and Ardisia pusilla planted, Formaldehyde was more effective in Fatsia japonica planted respectively. In planting and growing and placing experiment, the placement at sunny spot was more effective than that at scattered growing. When Fatsia japonica was placed at sunny spot, the reduction effect of Formaldehyde was the most excellent, and when Ardisia pusilla was placed at sunny spot, the reduction effect of Toluene was the most effective.

Analysis of Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide over East Asia

  • Lee, S.H.;Choi, G.H.;Lim, H.S.;Lee, J.H.
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
    • /
    • 2003.11a
    • /
    • pp.615-617
    • /
    • 2003
  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the important trace gases because its concentration in the troposphere directly influences the concentrations of tropospheric hydroxyl (OH), which controls the lifetimes of tropospheric trace gases. CO traces the transport of global and regional pollutants from industrial activities and large scale biomass burning. The distributions of CO were analyzed using the MOPITT data for East Asia, which were compared with the ozone distributions. In general, seasonal CO variations are characterized by a peak in the spring, which decrease in the summer. The monthly average for CO shows a similar profile to that for O$_3$. This fact clearly indicates that the high concentration of CO in the spring is possibly due to one of two causes: the photochemical production of CO in the troposphere, or the transport of the CO into East Asia. The seasonal cycles for CO and O$_3$ in East Asia are extensively influenced by the seasonal exchanges of different air mass types due to the Asian monsoon. The continental air masses contain high concentrations of O$_3$ and CO, due to the higher continental background concentrations, and sometimes to the contribution from regional pollution. In summer this transport pattern is reversed, where the Pacific marine air masses that prevail over Korea bring low concentrations of CO and O$_3$, which tend to give the apparent summer minimums.

  • PDF

A study on the enhancement and performance optimization of parallel data processing model for Big Data on Emissions of Air Pollutants Emitted from Vehicles (차량에서 배출되는 대기 오염 물질의 빅 데이터에 대한 병렬 데이터 처리 모델의 강화 및 성능 최적화에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Seong-In;Cho, Sung-youn;Kim, Ji-Whan;Kim, Hyeon-Joung
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
    • /
    • v.20 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 2020
  • Road movement pollutant air environment big data is a link between real-time traffic data such as vehicle type, speed, and load using AVC, VDS, WIM, and DTG, which are always traffic volume survey equipment, and road shape (uphill, downhill, turning section) data using GIS. It consists of traffic flow data. Also, unlike general data, a lot of data per unit time is generated and has various formats. In particular, since about 7.4 million cases/hour or more of large-scale real-time data collected as detailed traffic flow information are collected, stored and processed, a system that can efficiently process data is required. Therefore, in this study, an open source-based data parallel processing performance optimization study is conducted for the visualization of big data in the air environment of road transport pollution.

Estimation of Pollutant Sources in Dangjin Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Carbon Isotopes (탄소 안정동위원소를 이용한 석탄화력발전소 인근 오염원 기원 추정 : 당진시를 중심으로)

  • Yoon, Soohyang;Cho, Bong-Yeon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.567-575
    • /
    • 2021
  • Residents in Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province, in which large-scale emissions facilities such as coal-fired power plants and steel mills are concentrated, are very much concerned about their health despite the local government's aggressive efforts to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases. To understand the impact of coal-fired power plants and external factors on local air pollution, the origins of local pollutants were investigated using stable carbon isotopes that are generally used as tracers of the provenance of fine or ultrafine dust. The origins of the pollutants were analyzed with the data library, built using the seasonally measured data for the two separate locations selected considering the distance from the coal-fired power plant and the analysis of previous studies, and with the back trajectory analysis. As a result of analyzing stable isotope ratios, the tendency of high concentration was found in the order of winter > spring > fall > summer. According to the data matching with the library, the mobile pollutants and open-air incineration had a relatively higher impact on the local air pollution. It is believed that this study, as a pilot study, should focus on securing the reliability of the study results through continuous monitoring and data accumulation.

The Optimal Design of Explosion Prevention for LPG Storage Tank (폭발방지를 고려한 LPG 저장탱크 최적설계)

  • Leem, Sa-Hwan;Huh, Yong-Jeong;Son, Seok-Woo;Lim, Jae-Ki
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
    • /
    • 2010.05b
    • /
    • pp.949-952
    • /
    • 2010
  • The utilization of LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is increasing as an environmental-friendly fuel in all countries making green growth new paradigm, and use of gas is spread fast as motor fuels to decrease air pollution. Loss of lives by explosion and fire is happening every year as gas use increases, and gas accident in large scale storage property is causing serious problems socially. To minimize this problem, underground containment type storage tank is being presented as an alternative recently. In this study, to minimize explosion occurrence in underground containment type storage tank, the suitable storage tank is designed to consider explosion prevention that makes exposure surface area minimize in confined contents volume and flame to construct storage tank by the most suitable condition in the underground containment room. As a result of the design of storage tank having the most suitable condition by this research, underground containment space was minimized on diameter 3m, length 4.83m in 20 tons storage tank and its safety was improved as exposure surface area in flame decreased by 89.4%, compared with the existent storage tank.

  • PDF

Treatment of Red Tide in Ocean Using Hydroxyl Radical

  • Zhitao Zhang;Mindong Bai;Xiyao Bai;Xue, Xiao-Hong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
    • /
    • 2004.05a
    • /
    • pp.38-42
    • /
    • 2004
  • A pilot-scale experiment for the treatment of red tide in the enclosure was done in sea area of Shandong Province, P. R. China on Aug. 25, 2002. With the method of strong dielectric barrier discharge in microgap, $O_2$in air and $H_2O$ in seawater are ionized and dissociated into large numbers of OHㆍradicals, and then dissolved into a part of seawater to form OHㆍsolution of high concentration. With OH' concentration of 0.68mg/L, the kill efficiencies of 29 kinds of red tide organisms such as Chaetoceros lorenzianus and so on reached 99.89%, in which the kill efficiencies of bacterium and vibrio were 100%, and that of Gonyaulax cysts and Prei. Cysts were up to 100%. At the same time, the content of chlorophyll-a was decreased into the lowest limit of test. DO saturation of seawater was greatly increased to 100% because the residual OHㆍradical was decomposed into $H_2O$ and $O_2$after 20 minutes, Therefore the treatment of red tide using OHㆍradicals is a kind of advanced oxidation technology, which realizes zero pollution, zero emission and zero residual in the process of the production of OHㆍradicals and the treatment of red tide.

  • PDF

Health and environmental risk assesment of air pollutants in Gyeongju and its vicinities(I) (경주 주변지역 대기오염물질의 보건.환경 위해성 평가(I))

  • Jung, Jong-Hyeon;Choi, Won-Joon;Leem, Heon-Ho;Park, Tong-So;Shon, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.10 no.12
    • /
    • pp.3740-3747
    • /
    • 2009
  • To protect the citizens' health of Gyeongju and to secure basic data for the assessment of health and environmental risk, distribution characteristics of meteorological elements were investigated and numerical simulation of wind field using RAMS model was carried out. In addition, measurement and analysis of air pollutants, forecasting the behavior air pollutants using ISC-AEROMOD view, and health and environmental risk-influenced zones were defined through managing air polluting materials to prevent health damage and property damage. According to the survey results of air pollution in Gyeongju and surroundings, average annual concentration of air pollutants in Gyeongju was slightly lower than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas, but concentration of particulate matters and nitrogen dioxide at Gyeongju Station Square and Yonggang Crossing were sometimes higher than that in Pohang and Ulsan areas. Results of the modeling of moving and diffusion of air pollutants that affect citizens' health showed that parts of the 1st through 4th industrial complexes together with POSCO were included in particulate matters and sulfur dioxide influenced areas in Pohang Steel Complex area, and that Haedo-dong, Sangdae-dong, Jecheol-dong and Jangheung-dong in Pohangnam-gu represented locally worsened air quality due to a quantity of air pollutant emission from dense steel industries and large scale industrial facilities.