• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

Eggs obtained from 46 and 42 weeks old meat (Hybro) and layer (Leghorn) breeders flocks, respectively were used to examine the effects of genetic type of birds and egg size (small, medium and large) on variables of eggshell characteristics and hatchability traits. The variables measured were egg weight (EW), egg surface area (ESA) and eggshell characteristics (shell conductance (EC), per cent shell (PS), shell thickness (ST), shell volume (SV), shell density (SD) and hatchability traits (per cent hatchability (HP), early dead embryos (ED), late dead embryos (LD), pips with live embryos (PL) and pips with dead embryos (PD)). Genetic type of bird influenced all egg characteristics and HP of eggs. Eggs produced by the small Leghorn bird had lower EW, ESA, EC, ST, SV and HP than those produced by the heavy Hybro bird. The reduction of HP was associated with an increase in the percentage of ED and PL. Egg size influenced all variables measured except ST. Small size eggs had lower EW, ESA and EC and higher PS and SD than those of large eggs. Medium size eggs produced a higher HP when compared with that of large size eggs. The reduction of HP in large eggs was associated with higher percentage of ED, LD and PL. There were significant interactions between the genetic group of birds and egg size on LD and HP. Large egg size of Hybro birds had higher LD and lower HP than those of small size eggs produced by the same flock. However, There was no difference in HP and LD among the different egg sizes produced by Leghorn birds. It was concluded that genetic make up of birds and egg size influence eggshell characteristics and HP. The type of bird (heavy or small) influences the optimum egg size for successful hatching. Attention should be given to the size and eggshell characteristics of eggs of breeders' flocks for achieving maximum HP.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2010

The existing most studies on the apartment sales prices have been limited to relatively small size apartment complexes and have not categorized the apartment complexes based on the number of households. Some of them uses the apartment-related indices such as regional value estimates, sales unit price, and view right values. In the case of Seoul Metropolitan Area, the size of apartment complex has been growing to the level of large complex over more than 1,000 households through new town development, redevelopment and reconstruction. People prefers to choose a large scale complex instead of small complex based on their perception that a large scale apartment complex provides more conveniences in living. The result of this analysis revealed that the variables chosen as important determinants of the hedonic price model for large scale apartment complexes were square meters of apartment unit, rent/price ratio, number of bays, distance to the nearest subway station, and heating system method. This means that the sales price of apartment unit will be higher as the square meters of apartment unit increase, as the rent/price ratio decreases, as the distance to the nearest subway station increases, and as the number of bays increase.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2022

Purpose: As the medical environment changes, the size of medical facilities continues to change. Of course, it is not easy to analyze the correlation between changes in the medical environment and changes in facility size in a rigorous scientific method. However, the results of investigating and analyzing changes in the size that occurred for any cause be able to serve as important references for future medical facility architectural plans. Methods: This study surveyed 68 general hospitals in Seoul for 15 years from 2005 to 2020. The change in the number of beds was investigated with data from the Ministry and Welfare. The gross area change was confirmed by analyzing the of all hospitals. Results & Implications: As a result of the survey, general hospitals in Seoul show a common phenomenon in which all hospitals except one case have expanded their size in the direction of increasing the gross area per bed over the past 15 years. However, in the method, a relatively small hospital with less than 500 beds mainly chose to reduce the number of beds. Large hospitals increased both the number of beds and the gross area, however showed a significant increase in the gross area.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1984

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical and ideal model of science laboratory enrolled 48-60 students by studying optimal facilities such as laboratory tables and chairs proper to elementary school settings. The science laboratory model was figured out in terms of the following six procedures; (1) Current status as well as problems of science laboratory and its facilities was identified by means of the questionnaires conducted to 201 elementary schools, using stratified cluster sampling tehnique, under the consideration of the school size and the regional characteristics across the country. (2) Collected were the anthropometric data with respect to sitting height, popliteal height, buttock popliteal length, elbow rest height, and back width from the 747 students, 4th-6th grade, in Seoul area. (3) It was measured the work apace necessary for individual student to perform his experiment. (4) Using the data of the process (2), we determined the optimal sizes of laboratory tables and chairs fitted for Korean elementary school students. (5) The optimal area of science laboratory for 48-60 students is determined in terms of the data obtained in (3) for individual work space in addition to the appropriate table size figured out by (4). (6) A practical and ideal model for a science laboratory in elementary school was designed according to the above procedures. For the optimal model of science laboratory, the results of this study can be summarized as follows: The sizes of chair and table are categorized into three groups such as small, medium, and large depending on students' physical outfit. The small size base on the 12.5th percentile point of students' sitting height is used for students of the 0-25th percentile ranks. The medium size base on the 50th percentile point of students' sitting height is used for students of the 26-75th percentile ranks. The large size base on the 87.5th percentile point of students' sitting height is used for students of the 76-100th percentile ranks. (1) Sizes of chairs: The small size is 28cm in width and 33cm in height. The medium size is 31cm in width and 36cm in height. The large size is 35cm in width and 38cm in height. (2) Sizes of laboratory tables: The small size is 120cm in length, 86cm in width, and 60cm in height. The large size is 120cm in length, 86cm in width, and 60cm in height. The large size is 120cm in length, 86cm in width, and 65cm in height. (3) Size of science laboratory: The optimal science laboratory for 48-60 elementary school students, which can install the 12 laboratory tables, is 12m in length and 10m in width.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 2006

The objective of this research works is to develop back panel dies of PDP TV with a large size. In order to design the geometry of the dies and an initial size of blank optimally, the finite element analysis has been carried out using AUTOFORM V4.2. The conner radius of the upper trimming area and the distance from the outer line of the blank holder to the outer line of the blank have been selected as design parameters to remove the wrinkling of the trimming area. The results of the analyses have been shown that a feasible product without wrinkles and skid lines can be obtained when the conner radius ranges from 6mm to 8mm and the distance lines in the range of 40-60mm. From the proposed design of the dies and an initial blank size, the final die set of the back panel has been successfully manufactured.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2004

Male red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, use chemical cues to locate and select potential mates. To investigate whether large and small males respond differentially to chemical cues from conspecifics, we conducted a series of two-choice Y-maze tests with odorant stimuli from two large females (LF/LF), one large versus one small female (LF/SF), and one large female placed with four males versus one small female (LF+4M/SF). We found that males responded more rapidly in a LF/LF choice situation than in those involving LF/SF or LF+4M/SF. In addition, small males chose more quickly than did large males. These results suggest that both body size and odorant context affect the speed of odorant responses. By responding differentially to conspecific chemical cues, small males may arrive earlier at a courting area, increasing their chances of successfully guarding and mating with a female.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.08a
• /
• pp.544-547
• /
• 2006

In this study, the characteristics of large area internal linear ICP sources of $1,020mm{\times}920mm$ (substrate area is $880mm{\times}660mm$) were investigated using a multiple linear antennas with U-type parallel connection. Using the multiple linear antennas with U-type parallel connection, a high plasma density of $2{\times}10^{11}/cm^3$ and a high power transfer efficiency of about 88% could be obtained at 5kW of RF power and with 20mTorr Ar. A low plasma potential of less than 26V and a low electron temperature of $2.6{\sim}3.2eV$ could be also obtained. The measured plasma uniformity on the substrate size of 4th generation $(880mm{\times}660mm)$ was about 4%, therefore, it is believed that the multiple linear antennas with U-type parallel connection can be successfully applicable to the large area flat panel display processing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.446-450
• /
• 2016

Background Perineal defects are commonly encountered during the treatment of conditions such as malignancy, infectious disease, and trauma. Covering large defects in the perineal area is challenging due to its complicated anatomy and the need for functional preservation. Methods Fourteen patients who underwent reconstructive surgery with multiple perforator flaps for defects >$100cm^2$ in the perineal area were included in this retrospective cohort study. Characteristics of the perforator flap operation and postoperative outcomes were reviewed. Results Reconstruction was performed using 2 perforator flaps for 13 patients and 3 perforator flaps for 1 patient. Internal pudendal artery perforator flaps were mainly used for covering the defects. The average defect size was $176.3{\pm}61.8cm^2$ and the average size of each flap was $95.7{\pm}31.9cm^2$. Six patients had minor complications, such as wound dehiscence and partial necrosis of the flap margin, which were corrected with simple revision procedures. Conclusions Multiple perforator flaps can be used to achieve successful reconstructions of large perineal defects that are difficult to reconstruct with other coverage methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.14-15
• /
• 2021

Recently, the size of tiles used for bathroom walls in apartment houses is gradually increasing in size. The problem is that when these large-sized tiles are attached by the sticking method, due to the nature of the method, there is a concern about the stability of the attachment to the part (pupil) where the tile and the adhesive are not attached. The problem is serious as it leads to lawsuits in the outbreak court. In addition, it is urgent to verify the adhesion stability of the sticking method because secondary damage occurs due to a safety accident caused by the falling of the tile. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport [Investigation of defects in apartment houses, calculation of repair cost and defect determination criteria] ① The tile adhesion strength is 0.39N/mm² or more and ② It is specified to fill 80% or more of the base area of the tile backside, but this is currently trendy. It is considered that large-sized tiles need to be verified from multiple angles, and as part of that, we intend to verify the adhesion stability according to the area to be attached to large-sized tiles.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 1999

We intended to make the activated carbon fibers which could separate, remove and recover the volatile organic compounds of benzene, toluene, acetone and methanol. Changing activation temperature and time, large specific surface area and narrow pore distribution could be obtained. The activated carbon fibers have large adsorption capacity and selectivility for those organic compounds. We characterized the adsorption capability of the activated carbon fibers for benzene, toluene, acetone and methanol by BET specific surface area and pore size and micropore volume measurements. In the result of activation, the maximum value of BET specific surface area of the fibers was $1100\m^2$/g at $800^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes and $K_2$O was reduced actively in this condition. Their average pore size was 5.8~5.9$\AA$. The activated carbon fibers prepared in this work had high adsorption rate to saturation and the selectibility for the above organic compounds. The adsorbed amount of acetone and methanol(diameter of$ 4.3\AA$ and $4.4\AA$ respectively) which are smaller than micropore diameter in size was 43~49%, which was larger value than benzene and toluene(in the same diameter as $5.9\AA$).