• Korean small business review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to explore differences between small and medium-sized companies and large-sized companies in the impact of human resource innovativeness(HRI), learning orientation(LO), and HRI-LO interaction on innovation effect and business performance. Although learning orientation has long been considered as a key factor influencing good performance of a business, little research was devoted to exploring the effect of HRI-LO interaction on innovation effect and business performance. In this study, it is investigated whether there is a synergy effect between innovative human workforce and learning orientation corporate culture, in addition to each by itself, to generate good business performance as well as a success of new innovations in the market. Research hypotheses were as follows, including H1) human resource innovativeness(HRI), learning orientation(LO), and interactions of HRI and LO(HRI-LO interaction) positively affect innovation effect, H2) there is a difference of the effect of HRI, LO, and HRI-LO interaction on innovation effect between large-sized and small-sized companies, H3) HRI, LO, HRI-LO interaction, innovation effect positively affect business performance, and H4) there is a difference of the effect of HRI, LO, HRI-LO interaction, and innovation effect on business performance between large-sized and small-sized companies. Data were obtained from 479 practitioners through a web survey since the web survey is an efficient method to collect a national data at a variety of fields. A single respondent from a company was allowed to participate in the study after checking whether they have more than 5-year work experiences in the company. To check whether a common source bias is existed in the sample, additional data from a convenient sample of 97 companies were gathered through the traditional survey method, and were used to confirm correlations between research variables of the original sample and the additional sample. Data were divided into two groups according to company size, such as 352 small and medium-sized companies with less than 300 employees and 127 large-sized companies with 300 or more employees. Data were analyzed through t-test and regression analyses. HRI which is the innovativeness of human resources in the company was measured with 9 items assessing the innovativenss of practitioners in staff, manager, and executive-level positions. LO is the company's effort to encourage employees' development, sharing, and utilizing of knowledge through consistent learning. LO was measured by 18 items assessing commitment to learning, vision sharing, and open-mindedness. Innovation effect which assesses a success of new products/services in the market, was measured with 3 items. Business performance was measured by respondents' evaluations on profitability, sales increase, market share, and general business performance, compared to other companies in the same field. All items were measured by using 6-point Likert scales. Means of multiple items measuring a construct were used as variables based on acceptable reliability and validity. To reduce multi-collinearity problems generated on the regression analysis of interaction terms, centered data were used for HRI, LO, and Innovation effect on regression analyses. In group comparison, large-sized companies were superior on annual sales, annual net profit, the number of new products/services in the last 3 years, the number of new processes advanced in the last 3 years, and the number of R&D personnel, compared to small and medium-sized companies. Also, large-sized companies indicated a higher level of HRI, LO, HRI-LO interaction, innovation effect and business performance than did small and medium-sized companies. The results indicate that large-sized companies tend to have more innovative human resources and invest more on learning orientation than did small-sized companies, therefore, large-sized companies tend to have more success of a new product/service in the market, generating better business performance. In order to test research hypotheses, a series of multiple-regression analysis was conducted. In the regression analysis examining the impact on innovation effect, important results were generated as : 1) HRI, LO, and HRI-LO affected innovation effect, and 2) company size indicated a moderating effect. Based on the result, the impact of HRI on innovation effect would be greater in small and medium-sized companies than in large-sized companies whereas the impact of LO on innovation effect would be greater in large-sized companies than in small and medium-sized companies. In other words, innovative workforce would be more important in making new products/services that would be successful in the market for small and medium-sized companies than for large-sized companies. Otherwise, learning orientation culture would be more effective in making successful products/services for large-sized companies than for small and medium-sized companies. Based on these results, research hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported. In the analysis of a regression examining the impact on business performance, important results were generated as : 1) innovation effect, LO, and HRI-LO affected business performance, 2) HRI by itself did not have a direct effect on business performance regardless of company size, and 3) company size indicated a moderating effect. Specifically, an effect of the HRI-LO interaction on business performance was stronger in large-sized companies than in small and medium-sized companies. It means that the synergy effect of innovative human resources and learning orientation culture tends to be stronger as company is larger. Referring to these result, research hypothesis 3 was partially supported whereas hypothesis 4 was supported. Based on research results, implications for companies were generated. Regardless of company size, companies need to develop the learning orientation corporate culture as well as human resources' innovativeness together in order to achieve successful development of innovative products and services as well as to improve sales and profits. However, the effectiveness of the HRI-LO interaction would be varied by company size. Specifically, the synergy effect of HRI-LO was stronger to make a success of new products/services in small and medium-sized companies than in large-sized companies. However, the synergy effect of HRI-LO was more effective to increase business performance of large-sized companies than that of small and medium-sized companies. In the case of small and medium-sized companies, business performance was achieved more through the success of new products/services than much directly affected by HRI-LO. The most meaningful result of this study is that the effect of HRI-LO interaction on innovation effect and business performance was confirmed. It was often ignored in the previous research. Also, it was found that the innovativeness of human workforce would not directly influence in generating good business performance, however, innovative human resources would indirectly affect making good business performance by contributing to achieving the development of new products/services that would be successful in the market. These findings would provide valuable managerial implications specifically in regard to the development of corporate culture and education program of small and medium-sized as well as large-sized companies in a variety of fields.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

We performed the two analyses of variance to determine the total quality management practices in the environmental pollution prevention industry by classifying the companies based on the size (large or medium/small) and on the type (manufacturing or service). A few previous studies reveal that in Korea the large companies are not the same as the medium/small companies in the TQM practices while the practices are not alterated by the type of companies whether manufacturing or service. But in the United States the TQM practices are not affected by the size of the company. Su, pp.rting the previous studies on the Korean industry our studies show that the TQM practices are significantly influenced by the company size, but not by the type of the company. Taking the results of our studies into consideration we would also like to propose a revision of examination criteria for National Quality Management Award with special emphasis given to medium/small companies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1231-1232
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• 2005

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.359-363
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• 2002

Several innovations for reducing the bulkiness of glass bulbs for flat and large CRTs have been made and further technologies are being developed by using material and structural approaches. The integrated glass technology based on these innovations will provide a lightweight shallow glass bulb for the realization of a half- depth CRT.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2022

Most of the prior studies on the servitization of manufacturing companies have been actively studied, focusing on the performance and cases of servitization at the single company level. According to the results, most of the servitization at the single company level has been expanded based on the relevance of the company's core products. However, the form of companies that form a large axis of the Korean economy is a large-scale business group, and these business groups incorporate service affiliates for various purposes, so they show different characteristics from that of a single corporate. In addition, since the purpose of forming a business group is different for each business group, the service relevance between affiliates within the business group is different. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of service relevance between affiliates within a business group on the management performance of each business group. To this end, an empirical analysis will be conducted using panel data for 10 years from 2011 to 2020 for a total of 98 affiliates listed on KOSPI and KOSDAQ of 9 domestic business groups. Based on these results, the direction for improving management performance and establishing future servitization strategies for large business groups in Korea will be expected to be made.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

As the government announced Real Estate Policies on August 02, most areas except for Seoul cities face increasing business risks. Moreover, the government control over financial sectors' loan leads to the highly possible contraction of new distribution markets. The market trend could bring about the reduction of new demand in PF (Private Financing) business that large construction companies mainly concentrate on, and even the business already obtained has a high risk of being distributed, which could result in substantially low profitability. The currently unstable financial structure of most construction companies is caused by the hike of the prime cost of foreign plants except for that of a few construction companies. If PF (Private Financing) business also faces a difficult situation in such a financial condition, even large construction companies come to have the high possibility of a deficiency in credit rating. Accordingly, the major business that large construction companies concentrate on needs the sufficient business review. It is desirable to make a bid for business guaranteeing stability rather than business solely in consideration of profitability, when participating in a competition for a new construction contract.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.698-698
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• 2014

According to the analysis of special medical examination and work environment monitoring data, the rate of C1 and D1 on noise hazard exceeded 90% among those of total hazardous factors. The rate of company exceeding noise exposure limit was also more than 90%. The analysis result shows that main ages diagnosed with C1 and D1 was age of 50s. The majority scale company having workers diagnosed with C1 and D1 was the companies employing 5~49 workers. Types of industries which have a large number of companies exceeding noise exposure limit were automobile and trailer manufacturing, metal processing industry and primary metal manufacturing. A large number of work processes exceeding noise exposure limit were forming and processing work, cutting and bending work and grinding. To reduce the number of company exceeding noise exposure limit, the reduction counterplan should be focused on the type of industry and the work process which exceeded noise exposure limit frequently. However, the reduction counterplan is preemptively necessary to the type of industry and the work process which exceeded noise exposure limit consecutively if the purpose of reduction counterplan is not to merely reduce the number of company exceeding noise exposure limit but to abate workers' suffering from noise.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

With the aim of achieving half the regulated value of EURO-3 Emission Regulations, an ultra low emission motorcycle has been developed based on a motorcycle with an 1800 $cm^3$, horizontal opposed 6-cylinder engine. For the fuel supply system, an electronically controlled fuel injection system was applied. For the emission purification system, three-way catalysts, a feedback control system with a LAF(Linear Air-Fuel ratio) sensor, and a secondary air induction system were applied. To reduce CO and HC emissions during cold starting, an early catalyst activation method combining RACV(Rotary Air Control Valve) and retarded ignition timing was applied. After the catalyst activation, air-fuel ratio was controlled to maximize the purification ratio of the catalyst according to vehicle speed. For the air-fuel ratio control system, the LAF sensor was used. Furthermore, fine adjustment by the LAF feedback control reduced torque fluctuation due to the air-fuel ratio change. As a result, smooth ride feeling was maintained. Owing to these technologies, half the regulated value of EURO-3 has been achieved without any negative impact to the large-scaled motorcycles' drivability. This paper presents the developed ultra low emission technologies including the control method using an LAF sensor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.201-213
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of large company's corporate social responsibility(CSR) on trust and relationship commitment of partner companies' members. This study is different from previous studies with respect to inclusion of safety/environment responsibility as one of CSR components and inclusion of supplier company's members as one of major stakeholders in CSR. Corporate social responsibility activities, which are independent variables, are composed of four components: economic, legal, ethical, and safety/environment responsibility. The trust is composed of the dependent variables as the parameter. For the empirical analysis, data were collected from 186 members of supplier companies of 'S' large companies. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 to verify the hypothetical relationship. The results of this study are as follows. First, social responsibility activities have an effect on trust and relationship commitment, and trust has a positive effect on relationship commitment. In the relationship between social responsibility activities and relationship commitment, trust was found to play a full mediating role. Based on these results, implications were discussed in terms of theory and practice, limitations were pointed out, and some research directions for future research were also proposed.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2020

As the COVID-19 outbreak has prolonged, social distancing movements are encouraged and non-face-to-face lifestyle trends are spreading. As a result, it is necessary for general restaurants and small marts to provide delivery services like large-scale distribution companies. Large distribution companies have also suffered significant economic losses from COVID-19 because epidemiological investigations were conducted after the distribution center was closed due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in several large domestic distribution companies. In this thesis, in order to examine whether COVID-19 actually affects distribution companies, we attempt to understand the relationship between the number of confirmed cases per month and the sales share and growth rate by categories of distribution companies.