• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2023

Objective: Reconstructed oocytes after polar body genome transfer constitute a potential therapeutic option for patients with a history of embryo fragmentation and advanced maternal age. However, the rescue of genetic material from the first polar body (PB1) through introduction into the donor cytoplasm is not yet ready for clinical application. Methods: Eighty-five oocytes were obtained following in vitro maturation (IVM) and divided into two groups: PB1 nuclear transfer (PB1NT; n=54) and control (n=31). Following enucleation and PB1 genomic transfer, PB1 fusion was assessed. Subsequently, all fused oocytes underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and were cultured in an incubator under a time-lapse monitoring system to evaluate fertilization, embryonic morphokinetic parameters, and cleavage patterns. Results: Following enucleation and fusion, 77.14% of oocytes survived, and 92.59% of polar bodies (PBs) fused. However, the normal fertilization rate was lower in the PB1NT group than in the control group (56.41% vs. 92%, p=0.002). No significant differences were observed in embryo kinetics between the groups, but a significant difference was detected in embryo developmental arrest after the four-cell stage, along with abnormal cleavage division in the PB1NT group. This was followed by significant between-group differences in the implantation potential rate and euploidy status. Most embryos in the PB1NT group had at least one abnormal cleavage division (93.3%, p=0.001). Conclusion: Fresh PB1NT oocytes successfully produced normal zygotes following PB fusion and ICSI in IVM oocytes. However, this was accompanied by low efficiency in developing into cleavage embryos, along with an increase in abnormal cleavage patterns.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 1986

소금쟁이 (Gerris paludum insuralis)성체의 호흡률을 $25^\\circ C, 30^\\circ C, 35^\\circ C$ 및 $40^\\circ C$에서 암, 수별로 각각 1시간동안 매 5분간격으로 산소소비율을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) $30^\\circ C$에서는 시간경과에 따른 산소소비량의 변화가 다른 온도군에 비해 매우 적었으며, 첫 5분간과 마지막 5분간의 양이 거의 비슷하여 생활적온으로 판단되며, 그 외의 온도에서는 시간경과에 따라 단위시간당 산소소비량은 주기적인 감소상을 나타내었다. (2) 산소소비율은 대체로 수컷이 암컷보다 많았다. (3) 산소소비량은 $25^\\circ C, 30^\\circ C, 35^\\circ C$ 및 $40^\\circ C$에서 각각 0.42, 0.49, 0.79 및 1.11 $\\mu$l/mg/hr로서 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. (4) $Q_10$은 수컷에서는 $25^\\circ C \\sim 35^\\circ C$의 온도간격에서 높았고, 암컷은 $30^\\circ C \\sim 40^\\circ C$의 온도간격에서 높았다. 평균 $Q_10$은 2.12였다. (5) 생체량 10 mg, 건조중량 5 mg이상에서는 체중이 높을수록 산소소비량은 감소하였다. (6) 호흡정지고온과 호흡정지저온은 각각 $48.31^\\circ C$와 $17.68^\\circ C$였다. (7) $30^\\circ C$를 제외한 세 온도군에서 호흡이 정지되는 시간은 약 110분 후로 추정되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2008

인위적인 토양내 수분처리 결과 물푸레나무와 들메나무 모두 6월<8월<9월로 갈수록 엽록소 함량이 증가하였다. 생육기간이 지나는 동안 엽록소 a는 0.89mg/g에서 1.67mg/g로, 엽록소 b는 0.18mg/g에서 0.44mg/g을 나타냈으며, 두 수종 모두 6월보다 8월과 9월에 높은 함량 증가를 보였다. 두 수종의 광합성율을 보면, 물푸레나무는 각 토양수분 처리구마다 광합성율의 차이를 보였으며, 충분한 토양수분처리구($90{\sim}78%$)의 묘목이 상대적으로 낮은 토양수분조건에서 자란 묘목보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 들메나무 역시 물푸레나무와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 토양수분이 높을수록 광합성률이 높게 나타났고, 감소할수록 광합성률이 감소하였다. 광합성율의 생육시기별 변화는 두 수종 모두 9월>8월>6월 순으로. 9월에 상대적으로 높은 광합성률을 나타냈다. 이로 미루어보면 두 수종은 생장시기에 상관없이 수분함량이 높은 처리구에서 광합성이 활발히 이루어지는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.104-114
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• 2019

본 연구는 부동산건설 관련된 대표적 소송인 도시정비사업의 시행주체인 조합설립과 관련된 소송의 승소요인에 대한 분석을 진행하였다. 이를 위해 조합설립인가 쟁송에 대한 전국의 제1심 행정법원 판결 441건을 분석대상으로 본안전항변사유와 본안전쟁점사항을 구분하여 계량법학적으로 승소확률표에 의한 빈도분석 및 계단식 예측방법에 의한 행렬표식 분석을 실행하였다. 인용률을 활용한 분석결과로 본안전항변사유와 관련하여 과거법률관계 항변, 인가고유하자아님 항변, 조합원지위 또는 소유권 없음 항변, 제소시간 도과 항변, 법률상이익 없음 항변 등, 본안쟁점사항과 관련하여 동의율하자산정, 동의서관련하자, 구역지정전승인, 총회관련하자, 구역지정하자 등의 순서로 빈도가 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 계단식 예측방식에 의한 행렬표식 분석을 통해 핵심예측변수인 '과거법률관계'와 '조합원지위 또는 소유권 없음'을 이용하여 본안승소판결에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 승패소구분을 위한 기준을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 도시정비사업에서 참여자별 소송결과의 예측가능성에 대한 이해도를 높이고 분쟁해결의 빈도를 낮춰 과다한 사회적 비용을 방지하는데 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1980

빛에 대한 어류의 행동을 조사하기 위항 돌돔 Oplegnathus fasciatus 과 복섬 Fugu niphobles 에 빛의 세기가 서로 다른 여섯가지 백색인공광원으로 광을 주어, 그에 대한 반응을 주야에 각각 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제한된 실험수내에서의 광에 대한 구간별분포는 두 어종이 모두 구간에 많이 모여 분포은 대체로 U자형이되었다. 2. 돌돔은 수중도가 어떤값보다 높아지거나 낮아지면 광원쪽에 더 많이 모이는 경향을 보였으며, 주야간에 비슷하였다. 복섬은 수중도가 어떤 값보다 높아지거나 낮아지면 광원에서 멀리 떨어지는 경향을 보였으며 주야간에 다소의 차이가 있었다. 3.집어솔이 최대가 되는 평균수중조도(적정조도)는 돌돔이 162.0 lux (104.3-238.1 lux)로서 주야간에 같았으며, 복섬은 주간에 16.6 lux (10.6-24.5 lux), 야간에 1.9 lux (1.2-2.9 lux)로서 주간에 더 높았다. 4. 조명시간에 따른 집어솔은 돌돔의 경우 점등후 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 야간보다 주간에 그 변화가 심했다. 복섬은 시간이 경과함에 따라 완만하게 증가하였으며, 야간보다 주간에 그 변화가 다소 심했다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2003

This study was to examine characteristics of treating toluene vapor, which gets to be problematic due to its harmful carcinogenicity and mass generation from various sources, through a biological treatment facility which is environment-friendly and adopts a high-efficient and low-cost clean technology. In order to identify whether Alnus Firma Fruit (AFF) can be used as a media for a bioreactor, its utility and basic operating factors, a study was conducted on pressure drop, supply of nutrient substances and retention time which are operating factors of a biofilter, and eliminating characteristics were compared between AFF and the conventional biological activatedcarbon (BAC) widely used as filter media. In the case of AFF, the initial microbial deposits was 2.3${\times}$10$^{7}$ CFU/g dry AFF, which represents the initial microbial density higher than the case of BAC showing 5.5${\times}$10$^{6}$ CFU/g dry BAC And it took about 2 weeks to acclimate until its eliminating rate got to be increased over 90%. As a result of comparing pressure loss taking place with the lapse of time between BAC and AFF, after 130 days passed at SV 25h$^{-1}$ , BAC showed that its eliminating efficiency had a tendency to drop greatly due to a great pressure loss (0.53\longrightarrow54.7 mm$H_2O$/m) caused by an excess of biomass as accumulated. On the other hand. AFF showed that the pressure drop was 0.53 mm$H_2O$/m, about 2 times as much as the initial pressure loss of 0.4 mm$H_2O$/m, which represents no great change in the pressure loss, and its eliminating efficiency was also shown to be continuously high. Therefore, when AFF was used as a filler for a biological treatment facility, a biological filter enabling improvement of the purifying efficiency to be promoted could be provided, and moreover, the pressure loss was so small that the filler replacement cycle or the back flushing cycle could be extended. So, even in terms of the operating cost, it was identified to be an economical filler When an inorganic material was used as a filler, the biofilters performance acted sensitively on whether nutrient substances were supplied or not. In the case of AFF with low adsorptivity, addition of ethyl-alcohol increased the solubility of toluene, and consequently, biodegradation got to be actively made by microbes, and thus, its eliminating rate could be increased. As the flow velocity and the inflow concentration got to be more increased, its eliminating rate got to be lower, and particularly, an increase in the flow velocity made its eliminating rate drop more greatly than an increase in the concentration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

This study was carried out to find out how space allowance affect the social behavior of Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Twelve Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers were used as subjects, each of which was 30-month-old and observation period was from June to July 2003. Five (T1) and seven (T2) steers were allotted to two pens of $5m{\times}10m$ in a building with slate roof and open sides respectively. They were fed at 09:00 h and 16:00 h, twice a day. The behaviors of steers were recorded from 06:00 h to 17:00 h, using two color CCD cameras (Samsung SDC-411, Korea), one B/W CCD cameras (Samsung SBC-340, Korea), one multiplexer (Samsung SDM-081, Korea) and a time lapse VCR (Samsung SRV-30, Korea). The behaviors of each steer were recorded every 2 min using an instantaneous point sampling method. While the mean percentage of time budget in WA of T1 was lower than that of T2 (p<0.05), the mean percentage of time budget in SF of T1 was higher than that of T2 (p<0.05). When it gets hot, steers in T1 rested from 10:00 h to 14:00 h when it gets cool, showing 40~80% of LD rate while steers in T2 rested from 12:00 h, when it very hot to 17:00 h, showing 20~50% of LD rate, which is relatively low. Steers in T1 were fed from 06:00 h to 08:00 h when it was cool and from 16:00 h to 18:00 h, showing 20~45% of EA rate while steers in T2 were fed from 08:00 h to 14:00 h when it was hot, showing 25~50% of EA rate. In conclusion, it turned out that the number of steers affected their social behavior, and T1 was better environment than T2 in terms of welfare.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.250-263
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Ti-alloy has been used widely since it was produced in the United States in 1947 because it has high biocompatibility and anticorrosive characteristics. Purpose: The pure titanium, however, was used limitedly due to insufficient mechanical charateristics and difficult manufacturing process. Our previous study was focused on the development of a new titanium alloy. In the previous study we found that the Ti-Ta-Nb alloy had better mechanical characteristics and similar anticorrosive characteristics to Ti-6Al-4V Material and methods: In this study, the cytotoxicity of the Ti-Ta-Nb alloy was evaluated by MTT assay using MSCs(Mesenchaimal stem cells) and L929 cells(fibroblast cell line). The biocompatibility of the Ti-Ta-Nb alloy was performed by inserting the alloy into the femur of the rabbits and observing the radiological and histological changes surrounding the alloy implant. Results: 1. In the cytotoxicity test using MSCs, the 60% survival rate was observed in pure titanium, 84% in Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 95% in Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy. 2. In the animal study, the serial follow-up of the radiographs showed no separation or migration revealing gradual bone ingrowth surrounding the implants. Similar radiographic results were obtained among three implant groups pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy. 3. In the histologic examination of the bone block containing the implants. the bone ingrowth was prominent around the implants with the lapse of time. There was no signs of any tissue rejection, degeneration, or inflammation. Active bone ingrowth was observed around the implants. In the comparison of the three groups, the rate of bone ingrowth was better in the Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy group than those in pure titanium group or Ti-6Al-4V alloy group. In conclusion, Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy revealed better biocompatibility in survival rate of the cells and bone ingrowth around the implants. Therefore we believe a newly developed Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy can replace currently used Ti-6Al-4V alloy to increase biocompatibility and to decrease side effects. Conclusion: In conclusion, Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy revealed better biocompatibility in survival rate of the cells and bone ingrowth around the implants. Therefore we believe a newly developed Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy can replace currently used Ti-6Al-4V alloy to increase biocompatibility and to decrease side effects.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of long-term and short-term embryo culture to assess whether there is a correlation between culture duration and clinical outcomes. Methods: Embryos were divided into two study groups depending on whether their post-warming culture period was long-term (20-24 hours) or short-term (2-4 hours). Embryo morphology was analyzed with a time-lapse monitoring device to estimate the appropriate timing and parameters for evaluating embryos with high implantation potency in both groups. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the confounding factors across groups. The grades of embryos and blastocoels, morphokinetic parameters, implantation rate, and ongoing pregnancy rate were compared. Results: No significant differences were observed in the implantation rate or ongoing pregnancy rate between the two groups (long-term culture group vs. short-term culture group: 56.3% vs. 67.9%, p=0.182; 47.3% vs. 53.6%, p=0.513). After warming, there were more expanded and hatching/hatched blastocysts in the long-term culture group than in the short-term culture group, but there was no significant between-group difference in embryo grade. Regarding pregnancy outcomes, the time to complete blastocyst re-expansion after warming is shorter in women who became pregnant than in those who did not in both culture groups (long-term: 2.19±0.63 vs. 4.11±0.81 hours, p=0.003; short-term: 1.17±0.29 vs. 1.94±0.76 hours, p=0.018, respectively). Conclusion: The outcomes of short-term culture and long-term culture were not significantly different in vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer. Regardless of the post-warming culture time, the degree of blastocyst re-expansion 3-4 hours after warming is an important marker for embryo selection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2237-2244
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 GIS 공간 수문자료를 입력 자료로 활용하는 물리적기반의 분포형 강우유출모형(K-DRUM, K-water Distributed RUnoff Model)을 고도분포에 따른 기온변화와 융 적설 모의가 가능하도록 확장 개발하여 파키스탄 Kunhar강 유역($2,500km^2$)을 대상으로 융 적설을 고려한 장기 유출량 모의결과를 비교 분석하였다. 기온 및 강우 시계열 자료 분석 결과 동일한 유역 내 표고에 따른 기온 및 강우차가 국내유역과는 달리 매우 심하게 나타나 기온 및 고도감율을 적용하여 모형의 입력값으로 산정하였다. 해발고도 4,000m차이의 융 적설 특성을 반영한 유출량 재현성은 비교적 양호하였으며, 연중 유출패턴은 여름철 기온상승에 의해 융설로 인한 유출이 강하게 나타나고 있었다.