• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.569-578
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• 2016

The PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) has been widely used for the development of digital control system of nuclear power plant. The PLC has high maintenance costs and increasing complexity, hence, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based digital control system has been considered as an alternative. However, the development of FPGA based digital control system is a challenge for PLC engineers because they are required to learn about new language to develop FPGA and knowledge and know-how acquired in the development of PLC is not transferable. In this study, we proposed and implemented an automatic translation tool for translation of FBD (Function Block Diagram), a programming language of PLC software, into VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language). Automatically translating the FBD to VHDL using this tool allows PLC engineers to develop FPGA without any knowledge of the hardware description language.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2018

In the digital era, news consumption is not confined in geological boundaries. Technological advances bring the instant dissemination of news into life and allow news audience to consume events that occur far away almost in real time. The transmission has blurred the boundary between traditional media and new media, and the one between physical and virtual world. That is, what if a journalist applies news framing to the news translation process? This paper aims to investigate the gap between the ST and the TT created when the source news texts undergo a translation process. To achieve this aim, the appraisal theory developed by White (2003) is employed to identify a difference between the ST and the TT. Furthermore, we have attempted to identify differences between soft news stories and hard news stories while the STs from both news stories are translated into the TTs. Two time-sensitive events, Hugh Grant's marriage and a U.S. and North Korea summit, were selected. The former (a soft news story) is extracted from the Telegraph and the latter (a hard news story) is from the Washington post. As a result, it was found that such strategies as attitude, engagement, and judgment were used when the source news texts from the hard news story are translated into the target news texts. Under the appraisal theory, the strategies involve evaluative language which refers to positive or negative language that judges the worth of entities. In general, it is said that a journalist frames the SS (especially from the hard news story) to convey his ideology to news consumers. Hypothetically, we assume that a similar framing process takes place in deriving the TT from the SS of the hard news story. Thus, we could conclude that the TT from the hard news story differs from the TT from the soft news story and that the difference can be explained within the framework of White's appraisal theory.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.587-597
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• 2003

The C language is widely adopted for safety-critical systems. However, it is known that the C language is an unsuitable choice for safety-critical system since the C language includes several bad language features such as heavy use of pointers. The aim of this work is to define safe subset of the C language and translate the subset into the SPARK Ada so that we can verify the program's safety using SPARK analysis tools. SPARK is a safe subset of Ada and has been successfully applied to high integrity system development. The C program translated into SPARK has the same integrity level as SPARK, and the program correctness can be verified by using Examiner which is a SPARK analysis tool. An elevator controller case study is presented and is used to demonstrate the potential use of our approach to implement a realistic system. We also developed a translator that automatically translates C code into SPARK in accordance with the translation rules.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.77-108
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• 2004

This research focuses on the humboldt's thought for language. In Korea, only two themes, 'worldview' and 'nation' , problem of 'energeia' and 'ergon', was mostly researched. But we must research all together his thoughts, in order to understand his complete thoughts. His thoughts consist six themes : 1 . relation between thought and language. 2. problem of language-generation. 3. problem of translation. 4. substance of language. 5. worldview and nation. 6. energeia and ergon. From this five themes, we can understand, what his origin thought is. Therefore, we explained sequentially five themes in our paper. The theme 1, 5 and 6 are often interpretated between the scholars in Korea. But the theme 2 and 3 are not yet known. Therefore, we tried to explain it in this paper, what the problem of language-generation and the problem of translation are.tion and the problem of translation are.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

This paper proposes a method of automatically identifying sentence types in Korean and improving naturalness in sign language generation and speech synthesis using the identified sentence type information. In Korean, sentences are usually categorized into five types: declarative, imperative, propositive, interrogative, and exclamatory. However, it is also known that these types are quite ambiguous to identify in dialogues. In this paper, we present additional morphological and syntactic clues for the sentence type and propose a rule-based procedure for identifying the sentence type using these clues. The experimental results show that our method gives a reasonable performance. We also describe how the sentence type is used to generate non-manual signals in Korean-Korean sign language translation and appropriate intonation in Korean speech synthesis. Since the method of using sentence type information in speech synthesis and sign language generation is not much studied previously, it is anticipated that our method will contribute to research on generating more natural speech and sign language expressions.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.901-909
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• 2015

In this paper, to build a parallel corpus between Korean and English in Wikipedia. We proposed a method to find similar sentences based on language resources and topic modeling. We first applied language resources(Wiki-dictionary, numbers, and online dictionary in Daum) to match word sequentially. We construct the Wiki-dictionary using titles in Wikipedia. In order to take advantages of the Wikipedia, we used translation probability in the Wiki-dictionary for word matching. In addition, we improved the accuracy of sentence similarity measuring method by using word distribution based on topic modeling. In the experiment, a previous study showed 48.4% of F1-score with only language resources based on linear combination and 51.6% with the topic modeling considering entire word distributions additionally. However, our proposed methods with sequential matching added translation probability to language resources and achieved 9.9% (58.3%) better result than the previous study. When using the proposed sequential matching method of language resources and topic modeling after considering important word distributions, the proposed system achieved 7.5%(59.1%) better than the previous study.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.470-473
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• 2018

최근 제안된 순환 신경망 기반 Encoder-Decoder 모델은 기계번역에서 좋은 성능을 보인다. 하지만 이는 대량의 병렬 코퍼스를 전제로 하며 병렬 코퍼스가 소량일 경우 데이터 희소성 문제가 발생하며 번역의 품질은 다소 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 기계번역의 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 단일-언어(Monolingual) 데이터를 학습과정에 사용하였다. 즉, 역-번역(Back-translation)을 이용하여 단일-언어 데이터를 가상 병렬(Pseudo Parallel) 데이터로 변환하는 방식으로 기존 병렬 코퍼스를 확장하여 번역 모델을 학습시켰다. 역-번역 방법을 이용하여 영-한 번역 실험을 수행한 결과 +0.48 BLEU 점수의 성능 향상을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.56-60
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• 2014

기계학습 방법에 기반한 자연어 분석은 학습 데이터가 필요하다. 학습 데이터가 구축된 소스 도메인이 아닌 다른 도메인에 적용할 경우 한국어 의미역 인식 기술은 15% 정도 성능 하락이 발생한다. 본 논문은 이러한 다른 도메인에 적용시 발생하는 성능 하락 현상을 극복하기 위해서 기존의 소스 도메인 학습 데이터를 활용하여, 소규모의 타겟 도메인 학습 데이터 구축만으로도 성능 하락을 최소화하기 위해 한국어 의미역 인식 기술에 prior 모델을 제안하며 기존의 도메인 적응 알고리즘과 비교 실험하였다. 추가적으로 학습 데이터에 사용되는 자질 중에서, 형태소 태그와 구문 태그의 자질 값을 기존보다 단순하게 적용하여 성능의 변화를 실험하였다.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.589-609
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to show that lexical equivalency in translation can be achieved when it is based on semantic prosodies of lexical items. This paper examines the semantic prosodies of two seemingly synonymous English adjectives ‘empty’ and ‘blank’ on the basis of the corpus given in Cobuild English Collocations on CD-ROM and proposes that they are different in terms of spatial dimensions. Thus when a Korean equivalent pin derived from the verb pita is translated into English, syntagmatic phraseological environments of the Korean adjective must be taken into account to attain the equivalency of the source and target languages. Relevant Korean corpus was taken from the 21st Century Sejong Plan (2002). Out of 12 examples of pin konggan, five appear to be equivalent to ‘blank’ and seven to ‘empty.’ The five to seven ratio in different usage indicates that the equivalency problem concerning the lexical item pin is not a trivial matter in translation.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.15-24
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• 1993

한국어는 구문요소의 문법기능이 표면구조상에 명시되는 구문특성을 갖고 있다. 이러한 특성은 한국어의 문법체계가 feature중심으로 전개되고 있음을 의미한다. 한국어에서의 feature 특성과 이진 결합 관계를 중심으로 하는 chart parsing 알고리즘을 제시하고 한국어 chart parser을 구현하였다.