• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.809-816
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• 2002

Since a natural language has inherently structural ambiguities, one of the difficulties of parsing is resolving the structural ambiguities. Recently, a probabilistic approach to tackle this disambiguation problem has received considerable attention because it has some attractions such as automatic learning, wide-coverage, and robustness. In this paper, we focus on Korean probabilistic parsing model using head co-occurrence. We are apt to meet the data sparseness problem when we're using head co-occurrence because it is lexical. Therefore, how to handle this problem is more important than others. To lighten the problem, we have used the restricted and simplified phrase-structure grammar and back-off model as smoothing. The proposed model has showed that the accuracy is about 84%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06c
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• pp.138-143
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• 2010

현대의 데이터베이스 서버는 거대하고 복잡한 소프트 시스템의 구조이다. 복잡한 SQL(Structured query language) 언어는 점점 늘어가고 ANSI 표준을 바탕으로 새로운 형태로 발달하고 있다. 데이터베이스 서버를 테스트하는 작업은 꾸준히 진행되어 왔으며 앞으로도 계속 도전하고 있는 과제중 하나이다. 그 과제에 적합한 새로운 테스트 기법의 개발을 위해서는 보편적으로 막대한 인력과 비용이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 수동적인 테스트에서의 막대한 인력과 비용의 문제로부터의 해결책을 제공하기 위해서 자동화된 SQL 쿼리 테스트 프레임워크를 제시한다. 본 프레임워크는 SQL의 기본이 되는 SQL BNF(Backus-Naur Format) 문법을 기본으로 하여 문법적, 의미적으로 정확한 "지능적인" SQL 쿼리를 랜덤하게 자동적으로 생성 한다. 생성된 "지능적인" 쿼리는 논리적 모델에서 얻어지고, 통계적인 정보를 통해 사용자에게 유용한 체크리스트를 제공한다. 각각의 데이터베이스 개발업체는 그들의 데이터베이스와 새롭게 개발되는 데이터베이스를 통합적으로 테스트 환경을 제공함에 따라 테스트 과정에서의 인력과 비용의 문제를 해결하고, 데이터베이스의 장단점을 파악하는 기준을 제공하여 품질 향상에 도움이 될 것이다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.133-152
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• 2010

There is disagreement, among researchers, on the benefits of corrective feedback on L2 learners' written output. Some scholars advocate the usefulness of corrective feedback while some claim that error correction is ineffective and even harmful. So far, however, research outcomes cannot settle this debate. Based on this debate, this study examines whether there is a difference among diverse types of feedback on the effects of L2 learners' writing improvement. This study found that teacher's direct feedback was more effective than any other types of feedback on the effect of participants' writing improvement. In particular, teacher's direct feedback helped their improvement on grammar, mechanics, and form. Among the types of peer feedback, self-correction was the most effective. In teacher feedback, form-focused feedback had more effects than content-focused feedback, but no difference with regard to peer feedback. In addition, teacher's content-focused feedback was more effective than peer's content-focused feedback. Overall, in all types of feedback, teacher feedback was more effective than peer feedback. However, direct (form-focused) feedback was the most effective in teacher feedback, and self-correction in peer feedback. The least effective feedback in both teacher and peer feedback was indirect (form-focused) feedback, which is simple underlining of errors.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.3
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• pp.13-42
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• 1997

The purpose that the curriculum appropriate for the student's level pursues is to offer to a student the curriculum that can satisfy the student's interest, aptitude, and requirements. This curriculum has recently enforced all over the country, but the careful research and the plan for verification on its effect are required so that it may accomplish its purpose. This study, centered on the reading comprehension ability of Freshman English of the High School, aims to suggest a more desirable procedure for organizing and enforcing the curriculum appropriate for the students' level. In order to provide the best curriculum appropriate for the student's level. (1) the diagnosis of the individual student's level should be made first ; (2) the syllabus focused both on the grammar and on the communicative functions should be prepared ; (3) the teaching material on the basis of the syllabus should be selected considering the student's interest. and requirements. The new method of teaching-learning English should also be developed with the enforcement of the new curriculum discussed here. The curriculum appropriate for the student's level has many kinds of problems but these disadvantages should be overcome for providing the better educational system for the individual student.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.47-58
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• 2000

For the learners of English as a foreign language, oral repetition of model sentences is an e essential practice to improve their listening and speaking abilities of English. Skill training of both speech perception and production is involved in this practice. This paper reports on an observation of production e$\pi$ors in such practice made by Japanese college students in my class. The teaching material used is intended for acquainting the learners with basic English rhythm and intonation p patterns. The students were required to repeat each sentence in a series of conversations after a model reading. Although the vocabulary and expressions were rather limited, I monitored different kinds of errors in their repetition. Putting aside intonation, their difficulties are classified into five types; 1. Omission of words or morphemes, 2. Addition of unnecessary words or morphemes, 3. Replacement of words, 4. Japanization of English sounds, 5. Wrong rhythm caused by improper stress assignment. Accurate listening, especially to weakly stressed syllables and to assimilated sounds, as has often been pointed out, is the most difficult part in perception for them. Japanese sound system interferes in production of English sounds. More often than not their knowledge of grammar or the context does not work at all to guess the words they are hearing

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4958-4970
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• 2019

As technology advances, the amount of fake news is increasing more and more by various reasons such as political issues and advertisement exaggeration. However, there have been very few research works on fake news detection, especially which uses grammatical transformation on deep neural network. In this paper, we shall present a new Fake News Detection Model, called FAGON(Fake news detection model using Grammatical transformation On deep Neural network) which determines efficiently if the proposition is true or not for the given article by learning grammatical transformation on neural network. Especially, our model focuses the Korean language. It consists of two modules: sentence generator and classification. The former generates multiple sentences which have the same meaning as the proposition, but with different grammar by training the grammatical transformation. The latter classifies the proposition as true or false by training with vectors generated from each sentence of the article and the multiple sentences obtained from the former model respectively. We shall show that our model is designed to detect fake news effectively by exploiting various grammatical transformation and proper classification structure.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

This study examines how young speakers of Seoul Korean produce tri-consonantal clusters /1kt/ and /1pt/ as in palk-ta ('to be bright') and palp-ta ('to step on'). Production data were collected from 20 speakers of Seoul Korean. The results of narrow transcription of the data showed that simplification is not obligatory as some speakers often preserve all three consonants. When simplified, there was a clear asymmetry between /1kt/ and /1pt/. Speakers showed no clear preference for either C1 preservation (C1=/1/) or C2 preservation (C2=/k/ in /1kt/ and /p/ in /1pt/) in production of /1kt/, but in production of /1pt/, strong preference was found for C1-preserved to C2-preserved variant. When compared with production data in Cho (1999), simplification patterns appear to have changed over the past 10 years, in a direction to preserve the first member of the cluster (/1/) more often, especially with /1kt/. There was no substantial between-item variation, indicating that simplification patterns are not lexically specified. Finally, the results suggest that the process of tri-consonantal simplification has not been fully phonologized in the grammar of the language as evident in substantial inter- and intra-speaker variation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.58-63
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• 2000

Since some methodologies of using Internet on English reading have been appeared, most of them have just led students to find some articles on the Internet and translate them into their first language. However, these methodologies have been criticized in that they can not provide naturalistic environment for practical English reading. There are some problems in using Internet for practical English reading. First, the level of vocabularies and grammar of articles from the Internet has not been proved to be appropriate for students. Usually, their level is too high for most students. Second, it needs computer using ability as well as English proficiency if a student successfully finds an article which he or she wants to on the Internet in a limited time. Finally, a teacher should be trained to lead students to participate in a classroom discussion to get, appropriate gists of articles. With all these problems, it is difficult only to use articles from the Internet for successful English reading. Therefore, this study tries to find out some critical problems and solve them, and construct English reading courseware system on the Internet.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.26
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• pp.509-533
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociolinguistic competence of female marriage-immigrants through analyzing their free colloquial discourse. Because previous studies on female marriage-immigrants have not been performed based on the natural illocutionary data, an accurate diagnosis of their communication method will be necessary for the efficiency of the Korean education aimed at them, and for the development of their communication ability. For this study, the colloquial discourse situation from five female marriage-immigrants from China, the Philippines and Vietnam was recorded. The sociolinguistic characteristics were analyzed centering on the use of designation, respect terms, and regional words. 'Eomma' was used as a designation for their husband's mother, which means that 'intimacy' worked for the designation of their husband's mother. The respect-word classes for others were limited to the 'haeyo' form and the 'hae' one, and the reception for listeners was often discarded. In addition, the influence of regional words was found in the vocabulary and grammar, and the more proficient the Korean language, the more frequent the regional word occurrence. Based on the above result, the teaching method of Korean for the immigrants shall be suggested as follows: the teaching has to focus on respect words positively influencing the relationship with the counterpart.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Learning C programming language in electronics education is an important basic education course for understanding computer programming and acquiring the ability to use microprocessors in embedded systems. In order to focus on understanding basic grammar and algorithms, it is a common teaching method to write programs based on C standard library functions in the console window and learn theory and practice in parallel. However, if a student wants to start a project activity or go to a deeper stage after acquiring some basic knowledge of the C language, using only the C standard library function in the console window limits what a student can express or control with the C program. For the purpose of making it easier for a student to use graphics or multimedia resources and increase educational value, this paper studies a case of applying Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL), an open source software, into the C programming language learning process. The SDL-based programming course applied after completing the basic programming curriculum performed in the console window is introduced, and the educational value is evaluated through a survey. As a result, more than 56% of the respondents expressed positive opinions in terms of improved application ability, stimulating interest, and overall usefulness, and less than 4% of them had negative opinions.