• Title/Summary/Keyword: language assessment

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Scoring Methods for Improvement of Speech Recognizer Detecting Mispronunciation of Foreign Language (외국어 발화오류 검출 음성인식기의 성능 개선을 위한 스코어링 기법)

  • Kang Hyo-Won;Kwon Chul-Hong
    • MALSORI
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    • no.49
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2004
  • An automatic pronunciation correction system provides learners with correction guidelines for each mispronunciation. For this purpose we develope a speech recognizer which automatically classifies pronunciation errors when Koreans speak a foreign language. In order to develope the methods for automatic assessment of pronunciation quality, we propose a language model based score as a machine score in the speech recognizer. Experimental results show that the language model based score had higher correlation with human scores than that obtained using the conventional log-likelihood based score.

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A Study on the Application of Natural Language Processing in Health Care Big Data: Focusing on Word Embedding Methods (보건의료 빅데이터에서의 자연어처리기법 적용방안 연구: 단어임베딩 방법을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Hansang;Chung, Yeojin
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2020
  • While healthcare data sets include extensive information about patients, many researchers have limitations in analyzing them due to their intrinsic characteristics such as heterogeneity, longitudinal irregularity, and noise. In particular, since the majority of medical history information is recorded in text codes, the use of such information has been limited due to the high dimensionality of explanatory variables. To address this problem, recent studies applied word embedding techniques, originally developed for natural language processing, and derived positive results in terms of dimensional reduction and accuracy of the prediction model. This paper reviews the deep learning-based natural language processing techniques (word embedding) and summarizes research cases that have used those techniques in the health care field. Then we finally propose a research framework for applying deep learning-based natural language process in the analysis of domestic health insurance data.

Cross-Language Clone Detection based on Common Token (공통 토큰에 기반한 서로 다른 언어의 유사성 검사)

  • Hong, Sung-Moon;Kim, Hyunha;Lee, Jaehyung;Park, Sungwoo;Mo, Ji-Hwan;Doh, Kyung-Goo
    • Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2018
  • Tools for detecting cross-language clones usually compare abstract-syntax-tree representations of source code, which lacks scalability. In order to compare large source code to a practical level, we need a similarity checking technique that works on a token level basis. In this paper, we define common tokens that represent all tokens commonly used in programming languages of different paradigms. Each source code of different language is then transformed into the list of common tokens that are compared. Experimental results using exEyes show that our proposed method using common tokens is effective in detecting cross-language clones.

Study on Assessment and Treatment Patterns of Speech-Language Pathologists in Pediatric Vocal Problem Through Multicenter Survey (다기관 설문조사를 통한 국내 소아 음성질환 환자의 검사 및 치료 유형 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Geun;Bang, Seung-Hwan;Jeon, Jae-Min;Lee, Jung-Kyu;Kim, Angela Yun;Woo, Jeong-Soo;Cho, Jae-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2019
  • Background and Objectives : Pediatric vocal health problems are relatively common. However, it is not yet well studied whether uniform diagnosis and treatment is done properly in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods that the Korean speech therapists use to diagnose and treat pediatric voice problem. Materials and Method : An anonymous online questionnaire was administered to 32 speech language therapists registered at the Korean laryngeal speech linguistics society detailing demographics, employment institution, general management of pediatric patients with vocal problem including assessment and treatment procedures. Results : Current practice patterns were analyzed on 32 speech language therapists providing services in South Korea mostly working at tertiary university hospital. One third of pediatric patients were assessed without proceeding to treatment. One fifth of patients were treated without assessment. Perceptual assessment was the main pretreatment assessment methods used. Treatment was done in the following order : Voice rest, SOVT, yawn-sigh and resonant voice. Post-treatment evaluation was used in the following order : Instrumental assessment, clinical judgment, and recording comparison. Conclusion : Speech language therapists practice in South Korea mostly follows the ASHA practice guidelines. However, there are still great amount of cases in which only the evaluation was done without appropriate treatment. Further research is needed to make SPLs more systematic and efficient for evaluating and treating pediatric vocal patients.

Correlations between pronunciation test scores given by Korean/Nativel/ILT(Interactive Language Tutor) raters against the Korean-spoken English sentences (한국인의 영어 문장 발음에 대한 한국인/원어민/ILT(Interactive Language Tutor) 평가 점수 사이의 상관관계)

  • Rhee Seok-Chae;Park Jeon Gue
    • Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2003
  • This study carried out an experimental English pronunciation assessment to see the differences in the relationship between the different rater categories. The result shows that i) correlation between Korean and Native American raters is high(r=.98) enough to be considered reliable, ii) previous instructions about assessment rubric and the knowledge about English phonetics and phonology exert little influence on the rating scores, iii) correlation between the automatic ILT(Interactive Language Tutor) rating using speech recognition technology and Natives' rating is stronger than that between ILT and Koreans' rating.

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A Basic Study on the Development of a Grading Scale of Discourse Competence in Korean Speaking Assessment -Focusing on the Scale of 'REFUSAL' Task (한국어 말하기 평가에서 '담화 능력' 등급 기술을 위한 기초 연구 -'부탁'에 대한 '거절하기' 과제를 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Haeyong;Lee, Hyang
    • Journal of Korean language education
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.255-292
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    • 2018
  • Most grading scales of Korean language proficiency tests are based on existing grading scales that are not empirically verified. The purpose of this study is to develop an empirically verified scale descriptor. The 'Performance data-driven approach' that is suggested by Fulcher (1987) was used to develop the detailed description of characteristics for each level of performance. This study is focused on the functional phase of speech samples analysis (coding data) to create explanatory categories of discourse skills into which individual observations of speech phenomena can be scored. The speech samples that were collected through this study demonstrated stages of speech that can be a foundation of a grading scale. The data used in the study was collected from 23 native speakers of Korean. Speech samples were recorded from simulated speaking tests using the 'REFUSAL' task, and transcribed for analysis. The transcript was analyzed using discourse analysis. The result showed that the 'REFUSAL' task needs to go through four functional phases in actual communication. Furthermore, this study found specific and detailed explanatory categories of discourse competence based on the actual native speaker's speech data. Such findings are expected to contribute to the development of more valid and reliable speaking assessment.

Language Development in Cleft Palate Infants (구개파열 영유아의 언어발달 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyo-Seon;Kim, Young-Tae;Kim, Seok-Wha
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of receptive and expressive language development of cleft palate infants aged under 3. Twenty-six cleft palate infants and 52 normal infants were grouped into 3 chronological age groups with 1 year intervals: less than 1, 1, and 2 years old. The cleft palate infants were divided into 2 groups: cleft palate only, and cleft lip & palate. Each mother of the infants was asked to complete the questionnaire, Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI). Receptive and Expressive language scores of SELSI were computed. The scores of receptive and expressive language were respectively analyzed into 4 categories of language: phonology/prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the differences of language development between the cleft palate and the normal infants, were as follows: (1) expressive language scores were significantly different at age 2 between the cleft palate and the normal infants; (2) cleft plate groups aged less than 1 and 1 showed lower scores of phonology/prosody of expressive language than the normal groups; (3) cleft palate group aged 2 showed lower scores than the normal group in semantics, syntax, and pragmatics. The results, concerning the characteristics of language development between the cleft palate only and the cleft lip & palate infants, were as follows: (1) the scores of expressive and receptive language were not statistically different between the 2 groups; (2) both groups did not show any difference in .the scores of phonology/ prosody, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of receptive and expressive language.

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A Study on the Development and Operation of Integrated Assessment System for National Competency Standard Professional Basic

  • Chang, Young-Hyun
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 2018
  • This paper develops and builds an Integrated Assessment System for National Competency Standard Professional Basic. The integrated evaluation system for basic job competency in the National Competency Standards is developed to conduct examination by means of computers, smartphones and tablet PCs. The system can be used for the basic job competency test, examination for online cyber universities, job competency examination for enterprises, and the listening, reading, and speaking test in the foreign language proficiency examination and is even better in terms of facility investment and saved operating costs as well as efficient use of spaces in comparison with conventional evaluation schemes. Even greater synergy effects can be achieved by providing support for the integrated evaluation system for basic job competency in connection with the NCS qualification system. The evaluation system has been tested and practiced at a specialized high school and can be applied to the NCS education evaluation of the college and four-year college and to the selection examination of new employees of the company.

The Interaction Effect of Foreign Model Attractiveness and Foreign Language Usage (외국인 모델의 매력도와 외국어 사용의 상호작용 효과)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Il
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.61-81
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    • 2007
  • Recently, use of foreign models and foreign language in advertising is a general trend in Korea even though the effect has not been well-known..Most of the previous research shows rather an opposite effect claiming marketing communication is more effective when higher congruity between marketing communication and consumer's cultural values are achieved. However, the introduction of global culture due to the expansion of new media such as Internet or cable television makes the congruity not the best choice of marketing strategy. In addition, use of highly attractive models in advertising to increase the effect of advertising is general. However, recent studies show that targeted women audience tend to compare themselves to the highly attractive models and do experience negative sentiment. Bower (2001) proved the difference between 'comparer' and 'noncomparer' when women face highly attractive models. The results show that a comparer who has an intention to compare highly attractive model (HAM) with herself has a significantly negative effect on model expertise, product argument, product evaluation and buying intention. Therefore, HAM is not always a good choice and model attractiveness plays a role in the processing other cues or changing the advertising effect from result of processing other cues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the use of foreign language on the advertising response of the audience with regard of the model attractiveness. For the empirical study, the virtual advertising using foreign models (HAM, NAM), brand names and slogans(Korean, English) were used as stimuli. The respondents of each stimulus were 75('HAM-Korean'), 75('NAM-Korean'), 66('HAM-English') and 66 ('NAM-English') respectively. To establish the effect of marketing communication, the attitude for media(AM), the attitude for product(AP), targetedness(TD), overall quality(OQ), and purchase intention(PI) with 7 point likert scale were measured. The manipulation was verified to check the difference between HAM attractiveness assessment (m=3.27) and NAM attractiveness assessment (m=5.12). The mean difference was statiscally significant (p<.05). As a result, all consequences were significantly changed with model attractiveness, and overall quality evaluation(OQ) were significantly changed with language. The interaction effect from model attractiveness and language was significant on attitude toward the product(AP) and purchase intention(PI). To analyze the difference, the mean values and standard deviation of consequences were compared. The result was more positive when model attractiveness was high for all consequences. For language effect, the assessment was more positive when English was used for OQ. Considering model attractiveness and language simultaneously, HAM-Korean was more positive for AP and PI, and NAM-English was more positive for AP and PI. In other words, the interaction effect was confirmed by model attractiveness and language. As mentioned above, use of foreign models and foreign language in advertising was explained by cultural match up hypothesis (Leclerc et al. 1994) which claimed that culture of origin effect. In other words, in advertising, use of same cultural language with the foreign model could make positive assessment for OQ. But this effect was moderated by model attractiveness. When the model attractiveness was low, the use of English makes PI high because of the effect of foreign language which supported the cultural match up hypothesis. When the model attractiveness was low, the use of Korean made AP and PI high because the effect of foreign language was diluted. It was a general notion that the visual cues got processed before (Holbrook and Moore, 1981; Sholl et al, 1995) compared to linguistic cues. Therefore, when consumers were faced HAM, so much perception was already consumed at processing visual cues making their native language of Korean to strongly and positively connected with the advertising concept. On the contrary, when consumers were faced with NAM, less perception was consumed compared to HAM, making English to accompany cultural halo effect which affected more positively. Therefore, when foreign models were employed in advertising, the language must be carefully selected according to the level of model attractiveness.

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Bilingualism and Development of Social Competence of English Language Learners: A Review

  • Ren, Yonggang;Wyver, Shirley
    • Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 2016
  • To help define future research direction and enhance educational service for children from Asian and Latino immigrant backgrounds, this review examines research investigating social competence with reference to host and heritage language skills. A targeted search obtained 14 peer-reviewed studies published from 1994 to 2014 focusing on children aged from birth to 12 years. Social competence is mainly measured by four dimensions: externalizing behaviours, internalizing behaviours, social skills and relationships with others. The evidence suggests that English proficiency levels are positively associated with social skills and parent-child relationships are of higher quality when parent-child heritage language difference is minimal. However the findings are mixed regarding how English levels are associated with externalizing, internalizing behaviours and relationships with others and how heritage language levels are associated with social competence. This review makes a set of recommendations for future research including assessment of participants' language proficiency with language tests and examination of emotional factors in the relationship between English and social competence. The implications of the findings are also discussed for educators.