• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2009

This study was carried out to offer ecological restoration plan of local streams by analyzing the vegetation and flora around four local streams (Pungchoncheon, Namchangcheon, Ganggicheon, Woncheoncheon) in Namwon. Flora and vegetation investigation was done at April 2007 to August 2007, and June 2009. The 194 of vascular plants were identified which contain 53 families, 143 genera, 194 species. The Family frequencies arranged by the order of Family Compositae (14.4%), Family Gramineae (13.4%) Family Leguminosae (6.7%) and Family Polygonaceae (5.2%). The naturalized plants were listed as 33 species, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 17.0%, and 12.2%, respectively. In this study a total of 21 relev$\acute{e}$s collected and analyzed. 6 plant communities are differentiated : Riverine softwood forests (Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community), Perennial herb vegetations on lotic water zone (Phragmites japonica community, Phalaris arundinacea community), Perennial herb vegetations on lentic water zone (Persicaria thunbergii-Typha orientalis community, Phragmites communis community), Annual or biennial vegetations on waterside (Persicaria thunbergii community). Species showing the higer value in the plant communities were Persicaria thunbergii, Phragmites japonica, Artemisia princeps, Humulus scandens, Bidens frondosa, Oenanthe javanica, Agropyron tsukusinense var. transiens, Stellaria aquatica, and Lactuca indica var. laciniata.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

This study aims at suggesting the attributes and limitations of each methods through the evaluation of the verified analysis results, so that it will be possible to select an efficient method that may be applied to assess the green coverage ratio. Green coverage areas of each sites subject to this study were assessed utilizing the following four methods. First, assessment of green coverage area through direct planimetry of satellite images. Second, assessment of green coverage area using land cover map. Third, assessment of green coverage area utilizing the band value in satellite images. Forth, assessment of green coverage area using and land cover map and reference materials. For this study, four urban zones of the City of Seosan in Chungcheongnam-do. As a result, this study show that the best calculation method is the one that combines the merits of first and second methods. This method is expected to be suitable for application in research sites of middle size and above. It is also deemed that it will be possible to apply this method in researches of wide area, such as setting up master plans for parks and green zones established by each local self-government organizations.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

Chirisan National Park, the first and largest one out of 20 national parks in Korea, is divided into five zones. They are composed of nature preservation zone, natural environment zone, natural residential zone, concentrated residential zone, and collective facility zone. However, the park is not a continuous habitat: roads, trails, local residences, and various facilities created the habitat mosaics severely fragmented. We investigated the fragmentation pattern of the park due to roads and mountain trails using GIS. Based on perimeter length, area, and the ratio of perimeter to area of each patch, we obtained landscape analysis indices which reflect the regularity of the patch shape. The 1 m-wide hiking trails divided the park into 491 fragments. The legal trails with 1.5 m - 3 m width which have been heavily used by hikers generate 58 fragments. Even the nature preservation zone, corresponding to a core zone comprising 31.8% of the park area, was divided into 37 fragments because of the roads and mountain trails. With the different widths of buffer applied, the core sizes of the fragments were reduced. When the 60 m buffer was applied, the patch interior areas ranged from 0.0001 to 47.77 $km^2$ with a mean of 7.08 $km^2$. The landscape shape indices were far greater than 1 for most of the cases with a maximum value of 25. These results clearly indicate that Chirisan National Park is not a continuous habitat, but mosaics of small, irregularly shaped habitat fragments. It is necessary to take the size and shape of the fragmented habitats into consideration when nature conservation is planned, especially for large wildlife such as brown bears.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

The tremendous growth of population and physical development in the largest urban agglomeration in Indonesia -the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, also known as Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tanggerang, Bekasi)- has created many environmental problems, such as land use conversion, increasing urban temperature, water and air pollution, intrusion of seawater, and flooding. These problems have become more serious as the urban green space (trees, shrubs, and groundcovers) has decreased rapidly with the urbanization process. Urban green space directly benefits the urban environment through ameliorating air pollution, controlling temperature, contributing to the balance of the hydrological system, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. Because there is little hard data to support the claim of decreasing greenery in Jabotabek, it is necessary to measure the amount of urban green space. The paper describes the spatial analysis of urban green space within Jabotabek through the use of a geographical information system (GIS). We used GIS and remote sensing to determine land cover change and predicted greenery percentage. Interpretation of Landsat data for 1972, 1983, 1990, and 1997 showed that Jabotabek has experiences rapid development and associated depletion of green open space. The proportion of green open space fell by 23% from 1972 to 1997. We found a low percentage of urban green space in the center of Jakarta but a high percentage in fringe area. The amount of greenery is predicted by the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) model: predicted greenery (%) = [146.04] RVI - 134.96. We consider that our result will be useful for landscape planning to improve the environment of Jabotabek.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

In Korea, a cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem is imposed to prevent indiscriminate development. The total amount of this charge is determined by multiplying the size of the destroyed area by a value per unit area and the area index within 5 billion won. Since 2001, the charge per unit area has been determined to be $250won/m^2$. In this study, we estimated the unit value of ecosystem services per year using benefit transfer method, with a focus on forest resources. According to our results, forest resources have a value of about $3,500won/m^2$ per year. When the non-use value is subtracted, that figure becomes approximately $1,300won/m^2$. If this value incorporates the unit value of the cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem, it will increase. To comply with the original intent of the cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem, the fund must be used to improve ecosystem services, including the restoration of a destroyed area or the purchase of new land.

• 휴양 및 경관연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Seoullo 7017 based on Universal Design (UD) principles and guidelines. To derive UD principles applicable to the site context, we used the 2017 Seoul Universal Design Guideline and assessment index provided by the Universal Design Research Center and established 11 evaluation criteria. With respect to research methods, a literature review and on-site field survey were applied, through which we derived UD principles and evaluation criteria to identify UD problems. The 11 evaluation criteria consist of pedestrian space, facilities, access, main entrance, parking lots, trails, restrooms, convenience facilities, information facilities, rest areas, and playgrounds, and these were associated with UD principles for evaluation. As a result, the main entrance had the highest UD score, while parking lots had the lowest in terms of equity, safety, simplicity, and accessibility. Restrooms received a lower UD score because of poor conditions of security and alert systems. Rest areas were found to be uncomfortable for disabled people. With respect to the internal trails, we found the lack of braille block and irregular placement of planting pots made blind people uncomfortable when walking. In terms of UD principles, flexibility received the highest score, followed by amenity, equity, simplicity, tolerance, accessibility, and safety. Flexibility received the highest score, owing to the provision of proper information about convenience facilities and trails, while safety received the lowest, based on poor access to parking lots, inadequate paving materials and colors, and a lack of 24-hour security systems. We hope this research contributes to improving the universal design, so that people are not discriminated against in the use of the park in terms of age, sex, or physical disability. We expect the study to help facilitate empirical studies to verify UD principles and provide improved quality of UD for Seoullo 7017.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

This study was conducted to monitor the vegetation recovery in the areas damaged by the forest fires on the east coast that occurred in April 2000. The study site was a forest fire-damaged area in Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, and 21 monitoring areas (12 natural restoration sites, 9 artificial restoration sites) were selected to analyze the vegetation recovery trend since 1998. The vegetation recovery trend was compared by calculating the values according to the year using the difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based on satellite images (Landsat TM/ETM+ and Sentinel-2A). As the result of this study, all 21 sites, vegetation was recovered, and both groups showed the greatest recovery in summer. In the case of the dNBR, the artificial restored sites showed higher values than the natural restored sites, and in the case of the NDVI, the natural restored sites were higher than the artificially restored sites in summer and autumn. However, the difference between the two groups of natural and artificial restoration sites was not significant. Therefore, the direction of forest restoration after forest fire damage can be effectively restored if properly implemented for the purpose of restoration of the target site.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2013

본 연구는 월악산국립공원 용하계곡을 대상으로 용하구곡 시문에 내재되어 있는 식생경관 요소를 도출하고, 현존식생, 식물군집구조를 조사하여 식생구조를 파악, 국립공원 내 구곡경관의 유지 및 개선을 위한 식생 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 시문을 통하여 자연경관요소를 도출한 결과, 너럭바위, 자연첩석, 맑은 물, 밝은 돌, 시냇물, 골짜기, 폭포, 소나무, 당단풍으로 나타났으며, 주요 식생경관 요소로서 소나무와 당단풍으로 도출되었다. 현존식생 조사 결과, 자연식생은 67.5%로 소나무군집, 굴참나무군집, 굴참나무-소나무군집, 굴참나무-졸참나무군집, 졸참나무군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-소나무군집, 낙엽활엽수군집으로 분류되었다. 인공식생(18.7%)은 졸참나무-일본잎갈나무군집, 신갈나무-밤나무군집, 일본잎갈나무군집, 일본잎갈나무-밤나무군집, 관목림, 일본잎갈나무-신갈나무군집이 분류되었으며, 초지지역(2.0%)은 참억새군집, 갈대군집, 기타지역(11.9%)은 조경수식재지, 밭, 과수원, 주거지역으로 구분되었다. 용하구곡의 대표식생은 소나무군집, 굴참나무-졸참나무군집, 일본잎갈나무군집, 낙엽활엽수군집이었으며 Shannon의 종다양도는 전체적으로 0.6274~0.9908이었다. 용하구곡은 도통계승과 자연애의 표상이며, 조선말과 일제강점기의 위정척사사상이 담겨있는 청정지역으로 자연성이 높은 계곡경관의 보전이 이루어져야 한다. 이와 같은 역사 문화적 구곡의 식생경관 관리방안을 위하여 소나무군집은 경관유지, 일본잎갈나무군집은 자연천이 유도를 위한 밀도관리가 필요하며, 자연재해 및 인위적 훼손시, 계곡부 식생복원을 위하여 역사 문화적 식생경관인 소나무 중심의 식생복원계획이 적용되어져야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

노거수의 건강 및 보호 등에 대한 연구는 많이 있어 왔지만, 경험적인 판단 또는 원론적인 조치 등에 집중되고 있다. 건강 위험도 평가는 노거수의 현황 및 위험 순위를 반영할 수 있어 노거수의 보호 방안 수립에 귀중한 자료가 된다. 본 연구는 노거수의 건강 위험도를 평가할 수 있는 평가지표를 도출하여 6개 대분야와 46개 지표인자를 2개 층으로 나누고, AHP 및 PCA 기법을 이용하여 각 위험 대분야와 지표인자의 가중치를 산출하였다. AHP 기법은 각 대분야 간의 상대적인 중요성을 판단하는데 유용한 평가 기법으로 평가 결과, 노거수의 자체노화가 위험의 주요 원인으로 나타났다. PCA 기법 평가 결과, 수간의 부패 상태, 수광 상태, 외과수술 흔적, 진균병해, 토양 건습도, 낙뢰 등이 각 대분야의 가장 중요한 지표 인자로 나타나 보호 관리 시 우선적으로 고려하여야 한다. 각 세부 지표의 상대적 중요도 및 우선순위를 설정하여 건강 위험도 평가에 유용하게 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 노거수 위험도 평가에 객관적인 판단 근거가 되며, 노거수 보호 관리에 지침이 될 것이다.