• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2014

Hong Kong, a well-known metropolis characterized by skyscrapers on both sides of the Victoria Harbour, consists mainly of 3 parts, namely the Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula and the New Territories (N.T.) which is the land area north of Kowloon plus a number of outlying islands. Located in the N.T. are all the new towns, market towns; and in the plains and valleys lie scattered village houses of not more than 3 storeys within the confines of well-defined village. These village houses are governed by a rural housing policy that could be traced back to the very beginning of the former British administration in the N.T. By the Convention of Peking of 1898, the N.T., comprising the massive land area north of Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and 235 islands, was leased to Britain by China for 99 years from 1st July 1898. Soon after occupation, the colonial government conducted a survey of this uncharted territory from 1899 to 1903, and set up a land court to facilitate all land registration work and to resolve disputed claims. By 1905, the Block Crown Leases with Schedule of Lessees and details of the lots, each with a copy of the lot index plan (Demarcation Plan) were executed. Based on the above, Crown rent rolls were prepared for record and rent collection purposes. All grants of land thereafter are known as New Grant lots. After completion and execution of the Block Crown Lease in 1905, N.T. villagers had to purchase village house lots by means of Restricted Village Auctions; and Building Licences were issued to convert private agricultural land for building purposes but gradually replaced by Land Exchanges (i.e. to surrender agricultural land for the re-grant of building land) from the early 1960's until introduction of the current Small House Policy in October 1972. It was not until the current New Territories Small House Policy came into effect in December 1972 that the Land Authority can make direct grant of government land or approve the conversion of self-owned agricultural land to allow indigenous villagers to build houses within the village environs under concessionary terms. Such houses are currently restricted to 700 square feet in area and three storeys with a maximum height of 27 feet. An indigenous villager is a male descendent of a villager who was the resident of a recognized village already existing in 1898. Each villager is only allowed one concessionary grant in his lifetime. Upon return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1st, 1997, the traditional rights of indigenous villagers are protected under Article 40 of the Basic Law (a mini-constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). Also all N.T. leases have been extended for 50 years up to 2047. Owing to the escalating demand and spiral landed property prices in recent years, abuse of the N.T. Small House Policy has been reported in some areas and is a concern in some quarters. The Hong Kong Institute of Land Administration attempts to study the history that leads to the current rural housing policy in the New Territories with particular emphasis on the small house policy, hoping that some light can be shed on the "way forward" for such a controversial policy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.384-395
• /
• 1987

This paper aims to identify the class characteristics of tenants. To this end Patnaik's model is selected, because this model is most reasonable for sorting class structures of tenants. In his Model, "labor-exploitation criterion" is the main criterion for identifying class status. According to this criterion, there are five rural classes i.e. landlord, rich peasant, middle peasant, poor peasant, and full-time laborer. "Net labor ratio" is used for this purpose as empirical data handling. Net labor ratio is a ratio of net labor hired in to family labor, if hired in labor is more then this ratio is positive, and if hired out labor is more then the ratio is negative. Hired in and hired out labor includes not only direct labor but indirect labor such as labor employment or sales through rent. The results of this study are summarized as First, almost all tenants and owner cultivators are of the middle peasant class. Second, there are no rich peasant among the tenants, but 5% of owner cultivators are rich peasants, and 10% of tenants are poor peasants, owner cultivators are 1%. Third, the net: labor ratio of tenants is -0.211, and that of owners is 0.143. There are differences between tenants and owner cultivators even if land is much the same, and owner cultivators net labor ratio is positive except in the land size of 0.3-0.5ha, but that of the tenants' is negative. Fourth, proto-labor poor peasants earned 25% of income from labor, compared with under 10% of proto-tenant poor passant's. Rent to income ratio is almost 60% of proto-tenant, 27% of proto-labor among poor peasants.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2022

This study investigates what influences the 2030 households' intention to utilize housing support policies for the younger generation. Using the logistic regression model, our empirical results show that the 'the recognition of youth housing support projects', 'the housing occupation', 'employment type', 'housing type', and 'age' factors have a significant effect on the intention to use the housing support policies. Specifically, the intention is positively associated with economic activity, one-room residence, monthly rent, employment status during the Covid-19 period, and policy recognition, while negatively related to age. In addition, willingness to use the housing support policies is greater when respondents lived in a studio, lived on a monthly rent, recognized the policy, and improved their employment status. The results suggest that housing support programs need to be expanded and improved. Moreover, information on housing support policies should be efficiently delivered to eligible households, and more sophisticated housing support policies should be provided for young people early in their careers.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2022

In this study, the housing-related characteristics of the youth are reviewed using data from the 4^th - 14^th Youth Panel Survey(YP2007) of the Korea Employment Information Service in the period 2010 - 2020. The factors that affect the characteristics of their dwelling are analysed. As a result, males, highly educated, and employed people are more likely to live in their own homes and apartments, but many of them seem to be living with their parents. On the contrary, economically independent young people tend to occupy their dwellings in the form of jeonsei/monthly rent and live in multi-family units, villas, and officetel. To support the youth in overcoming their key issues such as housing affordability, jobs, and marriage, so that they can play their roles, the cost of homeownership and rent should be tailored to their economic situations.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.195-213
• /
• 2015

Recently, there has been changing the housing rental market paradigm structure which has been increased the ratios of partly monthly rental ratios, because of increasing chonsei's price, the preference of monthly rental and the rack of chonsei's supply amount. This study had done a survey of 1,400 people for private and public rental residents by region and housing types during Dec. 2014. According to the result of survey, Market participant prospect strongly to change chonsei to monthly rental market structure and the reason of rising of chonsei's price is the preference of householder's monthly rental because of decreasing interest rate and the rack of chonsei's supply amount. The housing policy's proposal of the stability of low income class's housing and jense's price strongly recommended the expansion of public rental housing supply and the activation of private rental housing, the expansion of chonsei loan, housing boucher etx. The rental market policy for high income class have desired to market autonomy than public side's intervention, on the other hands, the rental market policy for low income class have strongly need to the public side's intervention such as the contiuneous long-term rental housing supply.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2014

This study proposes a new housing need and demand assessment model centering on small-scale housing development projects and happy house development projects that reflected the recent changes in rental and small sized apartment centered public housing policies and development paradigms. The housing need and demand assessment model of public housing development projects consists of quantitative evaluation factors such as potential need indicator and demand pressure indicator and qualitative evaluation factors such as local condition indicator. The potential need indicators of small sized housing development projects are calculated by subtracting the stock of already-supplied constructed rental and purchased rental housings from the potential quantity of need drawn from the small regions such as -eup, -myeon, and -dong. In the potential need indicators of happy house development projects, the potential need is calculated from those who are expected to receive a happy house in the unit of -si, -gun, and -gu. In small-sized housing development projects, demand pressure indictors are the number and the proportion of those who opened a subscription deposit, the number of those who received basic livelihood security and the number of those who were patriots and veterans. The demand pressure indicators of the happy house development projects are stock ratio of small-sized houses, rate of rise in housing rent price, level of housing rent price, and rate of monthly rent house.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2013

This This paper investigates the variation of the factors to determinate housing price in Seoul metropolitan area after sub-prime financial crisis, in Korea, using a VAR model. The model includes housing price and housing rent (Jeonse) in Seoul metropolitan area from 1999 to 2011, and uses interest rate, real GDP, KOSPI, Producer Price Index and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis to grasp the dynamic relation between a variable of macro economy and and a variable of housing price. Data is classified to 2 groups before and after the 3rd quater of 2008, when sub-prime crisis occurred; one is from the 1st quater of 1999 to the 3rd quater of 2008, and the other is from the 2nd quater of 1999 and the 4th quater of 2011. As a result, comparing before and after sub-prime crisis, housing price is more influenced by its own variation or Jeonse price's variation instead of interest rate and KOSPI. Both before and after sub-prime financial crisis, Jeonse price is also influenced by its own variation and housing price. While after sub-prime financial crisis, influences of Producer Price Index, KOSPI and interest rate were weakened, influence of real GDP is expanded. As housing price and housing rent are more influenced by real economy factors such as GDP, its own variation than before sub-prime financial crisis, the recent trend that the house prices is declined is difficult to be converted, considering domestic economic recession and uncertainty, continued by Europe financial crisis. In the future to activate the housing business, it ia necessary to promote purchasing power rather than relaxation of financial and supply regulation.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 2021

Continuous subway line expansion over the years in Seoul metropolitan area has contributed to improved accessibility to public transport. Since public transport accessibility has a significant impact on housing decisions, quantitative analysis of correlation between housing prices and public transport accessibility is regarded as one of the most important factors for planning better housing policies. This study defines the reduction of traveling time resulted from the construction of new metro stations despite them not being the closest stations as 'Network Expansion Effect', and seeks to understand how the Network Expansion Effect impacts on housing prices. The study analyzes monthly rent data converted from upfront lump sum deposit, so called Jeonse in Korea, from 2012 to 2018, through 'A Modified Repeat Sales Model.' As a result, the effect of 'Network Expansion' on rental prices in Seoul has stronger during the period of 2017 to 2018 than the base period of 2012 to 2014, which suggests the 'Network Expansion' has a meaningful effect on rent. In addition, in comparison between the most and the least affected group of apartments by 'Network Expansion Effect', the most affected group has more price increase than the least affected group. These findings also indicate that different levels of 'Network Expansion Effect' have various influences on the value of residential real estate properties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.236-248
• /
• 2019

Green belts can help to set boundary for city growth, provide ecological protection system and enhance the resilience of Beijing. During the implementation period of the current overall city planning of Beijing, the proportion of green space varies much among the sub-districts, villages and towns involved in the two green belts in the research. With this as starting point, by researching the correlations of 'city system factors' and 'planning policy factors' with the change in the scale of green space, the paper discussed the influential factors of implementing the planning of green space of Beijing, and conducted quantitative research, with such possible influential factors classified into 'city system factors' and 'planning policy factors'. Through multiple linear regression model, the paper tested the correlations of city system factors and planning policy factors (independent variable) with the increment in the construction land in green belts (dependent variable). Through influence to population aggregation and the expansion force of construction land, city system factors such as mountain land and water, house rent of unit area, accessibility of public transport and the newly-defined state-owned construction land generate correlation with the change in the scale of construction land in green belts.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2016

The price determinant for land investment depends on the internal information process and subjective decision making by management in general. Accordingly, the systematic frame to determine the feasibility of investment price to the public residential land for multi-housing development by private sector has not been proposed. The purpose of this study is to explore the frame to determine the investment price for public residential land from the perspectives of land attribute and apartment market factor. Multiple regression has been implemented to confirm the eligibility of proposed model. Research findings indicate that the land area, floor area ratio, coverage ratio, location have been identified as the total land cost determinant, and for the determinants for floor area land cost, the ratio of apartment, sale price, rent price, etc, have been identified. This research intends to provide the basis for land providers to predict the land value as a raw material in market and present the indicators for land buyers to review the price adequacy for the investment.