• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-101
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• 2003

Colored apiculus, awn, and long empty glume are indicators of wildness and are usually eliminated during rice domestication. Genetic analysis was conducted to clarify the inheritance patterns of awn, apiculus color, and long empty glume in Korean rice collection. Based on individual characterization of F$_2$ progenies derived from crosses between parents with colorless and purple apiculus, two (3 colored: 1 colorless) or three dominant genes (9 purple: 3 red: 4 colorless) are estimated as controlling this character by simultaneous complementary action. Different inheritance systems were detected between S237 and S245 of 'Shareibyeo' which belong to the weedy type. To determine the genes responsible in awning and long empty glume characters, the inheritance of landrace varieties of rice ('Naengdo' and 'Yuna') was investigated. In the crosses of awned land race and awnless cultivar, three dominant genes are supposed to control the awning genetic system by 63 awned: 1 awnless individual. As for long empty glume, one recessive gene, g-l on the chromosome 4, was the one controlling the segregation ratio of 3 normal empty: 1 long empty glume. By analyzing the Korean rice collection, the inheritance systems of these wild characters may lead to a better understanding of rice domestication in the future.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.619-643
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• 2013

The experience of interment during World War II has been one of the primary motifs of fictional and autobiographical narratives by Japanese Americans. Examining textual evidences in John Okada's No-No Boy and Monica Sone's Nisei Daughters, this paper argues that the internment has been designed, carried out and concluded based primarily on the principles of economics. Borrowing the notion that 'wealth has (racial) color' as Lui and others maintain, this paper analyzes episodes in which the protagonists and other characters testify how their internment has resulted in their loss of capital as well as human rights and dignity, not to mention temporary suspension of their citizenships. In addition, this paper contrasts the image of the US as a land of equity as represented in the literary texts of the $18^{th}$ century authors in the US with that of our two authors. In doing so, this paper argues that the historical incident of internment in the $20^{th}$ century is the scene in which American ideals become irrecoverably sullied and American dreams turn into American nightmares.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-102
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite on harmful gas production generated by pig slurry. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire × Land race] × Duroc, live weight 70±3.21 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications (20 heads per replicate). The treatments consisted of 0% (control), 0.05% (T1), or 1% (T2) of manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite. Manure additives were added weekly to pig slurry pits (2 m × 4.5 m × 1.2 m) on a volumetric basis. For ammonia measured at both 10 cm and 90 cm above the pig slurry pit, a statistical significance (p<0.05) was found in probiotics and zeolite-treated manure additives at weeks 1 - 3, except for week 0. In addition, hydrogen sulfide levels measured at 10 cm above the pig slurry pit were not affected by the manure additive at weeks 0 and 1, but showed a significant statistical difference at weeks 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementing pig slurry with 0.05% and 0.1% manure additives mixed with probiotics and zeolite was found to be effective in reducing environmental pollution in pig facilities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2002

This study was carried out for the simultaneous genetic evaluation of swine breeds from the seedstock farms in Korea. The performance tested production records of 96,842 heads and the litter records of 90,396 litters from 1995 to 2001 were analyzed to estimate the breeding values and the breed effects of days to 90kg, daily gain, back fat thickness, loin muscle area, lean meat percent, total litter size and number born alive from Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc. Estimated breed effects of traits had shown the characteristics of the breeds. Landrace was superior in back fat thickness and lean meat percent to other breeds. Yorkshire had shown good performance in lean meat percent, loin muscle area, total litter size and number born alive. Duroc was superior to the other breeds in days to 90kg and daily gain. Conclusively, the multi-breed genetic evaluation would result in higher connectedness and provide convenience for the routine genetic evaluation process of swine performance and reproduction test.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.100-100
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• 2018

Zoysia japonica Steud.(Zj) is a typical warm-season Korean lawn grass, which is used in many places such as river banks, roadside and soccer fields in Korea. Recently, it has also been used in school yards and the Saemangeum reclaimed land to reduce water pollution. Although the cultivated area of turfgrass is steadily increasing worldwide, it grows fast requiring frequent mowing and is difficult to grow in shady areas and the cold region. Therefore this study aims searching for useful gene(s) to develop abiotic stress tolerant and dwarf zoysiagrass. We isolated Ycf4 gene based on the sequence from Oryza sativa Japonica through RT-PCR and RACE PCR. Ultimately, open reading frame (ORF) of ZjYcf4 was 558bp long, encoding a protein of 186 amino acid residues. NCBI blast results showed that the ZjYcf4 protein is evolutionarily closely related to Ycf4 protein from Zoysia macrantha and Setaria italica (100% and 98%, respectively). To determine whether ZjYcf4 was involved in environmental stress in wild-type zoysiagrass, expression patterns of the gene were analyzed by real-time PCR under salt, cold and dark conditions. They were analyzed after each stress treatment for 3 hours. In salt and cold stresses, the expression was higher compared to control (3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively), although there was a 1.6-fold decrease in expression under dark stress treatment. As reported previously, we suggest that ZjYcf4 gene affects abiotic stress such as salt, cold and dark.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 1998

To clarify the values and varieties of the buckwheats as a dietary source of nutritional and functional components, thirteen different samples of buckwheat were analyzed for this investigation. Six developed seeds were given by RDA, Korea or RDA branch of Kangwondo, and seven land race seeds were collected from a farmhouse. Amino acid analysis showed that glutamate, arginine and asparagine were major amino acids, whereas tryptophan, methionine and cysteine were minor ones of buckwheat. In addition, tryptophan content of buckwheat cultivars from Korea was 195 mg% on average. The content of rutin tended to be higher in developed cultivars than land races. On the other hand, the contents of phytic acid in buckwheats were in the range of 7.0 to 13.6 mg/g. In the tocopherol homologues of the buckwheats analyzed by HPLC, mean ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ contents were 6.16 mg/100 g with the actual range of $4.67{\sim}8.58\;mg/100g$, whereas ${\beta}-form$ was very low or zero. There were a big variations in the iron content of the buckwheats of the minerals. SDS-PAGE showed that total proteins from buckwheats exhibited a relatively similar electrophoretic patterns on the whole. The results show that CV Suwon 1 has good quality, judged from the distribution of the components of buckwheats analyzed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 1992

Soybean seeds contain lipoxygenase, which is responsible for the objectionable beany flavors in soybean seeds. The isozymes of lipoxygenase (1$\times$1, 1$\times$2, 1$\times$3) were discovered in United States of America, Japan, and Korea, and the mode of inheritance of the mutant genes was determined. This investigation was conducted to screen lipoxygenase-1, 2, and 3 lacking soybean lines from the Korean soybean land race population. Two lipoxygenase-1lacking lines, KAS 610-8 and KAS 621-8 were found in this investigation. In general, lipoxygenase acking varieties were small in seed size and low in oil content. A severe pod borer damage was observed in the two selected lipoxygenase-1 lacking lines. Lipoxygenase lacking line was not found in Korean wild soybean population used in this study and the lipoxygenase lacking lines were found only in Kyung-Nam province and the results imply that lipoxygenase lacking mutants were induced recently in cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of impulsivity, family' gambling and the distance from the gambling facilities, on adolescents' gambling activity, gambling belief and gambling motivation in the future. A total of 567 high school students in Jeongseon and Taeback(the Kangwon-Land Casino area or near the Kangwon-Land Casino), in Gwhachoen City(near the Seoul Race Park), and in Whachoen(far from the gambling facilities area) were participated in this study, and completed the questionnaires for measuring adolescents' gambling activity, gambling belief and gambling motivation in the future, impulsivity and family gambling behaviors. Results showed there were positive relationships impulsivity, family' gambling, adolescents' gambling activity, gambling belief and gambling motivation in the future. There were significant relationships among dwelling areas, gambling behaviors, and beliefs. Especially, adolescents in Jeongseon have more likely gambling behaviors, and the gambling beliefs were more dysfunction than ones in Gwhachoen and Whachoen. And adolescents in Whachoen had the lowest gambling motivation. Also, the correlation between the impulsivity and gambling-related behaviors was significant. The implication of this study was as fellow. When planing the politic intervention for preventing the problem gambling in the future it was necessary to consider the distance from the gambling facilities as environmental component and impulsivity as personal component.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

One hundred Capsicum accessions were screened for symptomatic response and resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus-pb1 (TSWV-pb1). Symptom and its severity rating were checked by visual observation at 9, 12, 14, and 45 days after inoculation, respectively. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay was performed all tested individuals on non-inoculated upper leaves after the third rating to indentify viral infection. Leaf curling was predominant in almost susceptible individuals of each accession. Stem necrosis was most frequent in wild species while yellowing in commercial hybrids and Korean land race cultivars. Ring spot, a typical symptom of TSWV, was rarely detected in some of a few accessions. Different levels of resistance to TSWV-pb1 were observed among the tested accessions. High level of resistance was detected in 4 commercial cultivars of Kpc-35, -36, -57, and -62, and 8 wild species of PBI-11, C00105, PBC076, PBC280, PBC426, PBC495, PBC537, and PI201238 through seedling test by mechanical inoculation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.702-709
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• 2014

Luffa cylindrica Roem (sponge gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has been cultivated as an ornamental plant in Korea. Recently, its cultivation area has been increased with an increase in demand for it as an ingredient in cosmetics, herbal medicines, and health supplements. We analyzed inorganic components of sap collected from land race sponge gourds. We also measured antioxidant enzyme activities and antimicrobial activities of the plant, seed, and sap to examine functional properties of sponge gourd. The sap of the sponge gourd contained high levels of K, Ca, P, and Mg, with the most abundant mineral in the sap being K ($470mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The amounts of Ca and Mg were 2 and 1.7 times more than those found in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase was more active than catalase and superoxide dismutase in various plant parts of sponge gourd. Antioxidant activities were much lower in stems than in other plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sap. In addition, sap showed a very low level of antimicrobial activity against two food-borne pathogens, Vibrio parahaemdyticus and Propionibacterium acne, and none against the other eight tested food-borne pathogens. Antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, which causes dermatitis, appeared to be higher in sap than in other parts of sponge gourd plants. Overall, the antimicrobial activity against Malassezia furfur appeared to be higher than against Candida albicans.