• Title/Summary/Keyword: lactate dehydrogenase isozyme

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Genetic Divergence between Two Marine Catfish of Family Ariidae - Arius maculatus and Osteogeneiosus militaris

  • Chaudhari, Aparna;Alam, Afaque
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.1188-1191
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    • 2004
  • Two species of marine catfish, Arius maculatus and Osteogeneiosus militaris, belonging to family Ariidae were analysed electrophoretically for genetic variation in 6 enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), malic enzyme (ME) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Eighteen individuals of each species were studied. Two loci MDH and ADH were polymorphic in both. Average heterozygosity in A. maculatus was 1.46, while it was 2.5 in O. militaris. The allele frequencies were used to estimate Nei's genetic distance (D). The D value was calculated to be 0.6879. Two isozyme loci, ME and SOD, were found to be the most reliable species specific markers. No tissue specific loci were observed for the enzymes studied, the bands being identical in each case. The genetic distance observed between O. militaris and A. maculatus in this study suggests that they would be more appropriately classified as species of the same genus rather than being assigned separate genera.

Purification and Characterization of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Channa argus (가물치(Channa argus) 젖산탈수소효소 동위효소들의 정제 및 특성)

  • Park, Eun-Mi;Yum, Jung-Joo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.260-268
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    • 2010
  • The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes in tissues from Channa argus were purified and characterized by biochemical, immunochemical and kinetic methods. The activity of LDH in skeletal muscle was the highest at 380.4 units and those in heart, eye and brain tissues were 13.4, 3,5 and 5.4 units, respectively. Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7, CS) activity in heart tissue was the highest at 20.7 units. LDH/CS in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 172.9, 0.6, 0.32 and 0.47. Protein concentration in skeletal muscle tissue was 14.7 mg/g and specific activities of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, eye and brain tissues were 25.88, 0.79, 0.31 and 1.38 units/mg, respectively. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue was anaerobic and heart tissue was aerobic. The LDH isozymes in tissues were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and Western blot with antiserum against $A_4$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$. $AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were detected in every tissue, $C_4$, $AC_3$, $A_2C_2$ and $A_3C$ were detected in eye tissue, and $A_3C$ was found in brain tissue. LDH $A_4$, $A_3B$, $A_2B_2$, $AB_3$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes were purified by affinity chromatography and Preparative PAGE Cells. The LDH $A_4$ isozyme was purified in the fraction from elution with $NAD^+$ containing buffer of affinity chromatography. Eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted right after $A_4$, after which $B_4$ isozyme was eluted with plain buffer. As a result, one part of molecular structures in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ were similar, but were different from each other in $B_4$ and $C_4$. Therefore the subunit A may be conservative in evolution, and the evolution of subunit B seems to be faster than that of subunit A. The activity of LDH $A_4$, $A_2B_2$, $B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes remained at 39.98, 21.28, 19.67 and 16.87% as a result of the inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate, so the degree of inhibition was very high. The $Km^{PYR}$ values were 0.17, 0.27 and 0.133 mM in $A_4$, $B_4$ and eye-specific $C_4$ isozymes, respectively. The optimum pH of LDH $A_4$, $B_4$, eye-specific $C_4$, $A_2B_2$, $A_3B$, and $AB_3$ were pH 6.5, pH 8.5, pH 5.5, pH 6.0-6.5, pH 5.0 and pH 7.5. The $A_4$ and heterotetramer isozymes stabilized a broad range of pH. Especially, LDH activities in skeletal muscle tissue were high, resulting in a high degree of muscle activity.LDH metabolism in eye tissue seems to be converted faster from pyruvate to lactate by eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme as eye-specific $C_4$ have the highest affinity for pyruvate, and right after the conversion, oxidation of lactate was induced by $A_4$ isozyme. It was found that expression of Ldh-C, affinity to substrate and reaction time of $C_4$ isozyme were different according to the ecological environmental and feeding capturing patterns.

Metabolic Adjustment of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes to a Change in Dissolved Oxygen in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) (파랑볼우럭(Lepomis macrochirus)에서 용존산소량의 변화에 대한 젖산탈수소효소 동위효소들의 대사조절)

  • Ku, Bora;Cho, Sung Kyu;Yum, Jung Joo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.12
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    • pp.1066-1071
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic adjustment of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes to a change in dissolved oxygen (DO) in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). After bluegills were adapted to a constant environment in an aquarium, the DO was changed to investigate the activity of LDH isozyme and the relative ratio of subunits A, B, and C for each tissue. When the DO was decreased from 18 ppm to 6 ppm, LDH in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain tissues recovered to the level of control activity within 12, 12, and 6 hr, respectively. LDH activity changed in accordance with a change in DO. The compensation was performed rapidly and is thought to be an important function of LDH in enabling bluegills to adapt to their environment. In bluegill heart, eye, and brain tissues, the relative ratio of subunit A increased and showed a tendency to recover similarly to the subunit ratio of control groups up to 12 hr. It is thought that the anaerobic metabolism using subunit A was increased in the initial stage when DO was changed. In addition, the results revealed that subunit C was more similar to subunit A than subunit B. In bluegills, subunits A and C of LDH seem to be evolutionarily similar. LDH isozymes, mainly containing subunits A and C, are likely responsible for the function of pyruvate reductase, which plays a role in making the bluegill adapt to a hypoxic environment through anaerobic metabolism.

Heterogeneity of Lactate Dehyrogenase Isozymes in tissues of Lampetra japonica (칠성장어(Lampetra japonica) 조직내 젖산수소이탈효소 동위효소들의 이질성)

  • 조성규;염정주
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.319-328
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    • 1993
  • All vertebrates other than lampreys exhibit multiple loci encoding lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27,LDH). From the result shown by cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis, the lampreys were-reported to have only one isozyme. However in our results the LDH of skeletal muscle, heart and kidney in Lampetra japonica were separated into three isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LDH of skeletal muscle and heart were separated into four isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGlEF). The LDH of skeletal muscle were separated into four isozymes through the chromatofocusing. The molecular weight of LDH isozymes in skeletal muscle was approximately estimated to be 140,000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The LDH isozymes of skeletal muscle, heart and liver were inhibited by pyruvate to the nearly similar degree. And the degree of inhibition by pyruvate showed the value between LDH A$_4$and LDH B$_4$isozyme. And the LDH isozymes in heart, liver and skeletal muscle were thermostable. The results mentioned above indicate that the LDH isozyme in lamprey (Lampetra japonica) has not one isozyme but isozymes. And it is also found out that the two structures of their subunits are similar each others.

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CNS Durg-induced Redistribution of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Mice (CNS drug에 의한 mouse 젖산수소이탈효소 동위효소의 재분포)

  • 염정주;김상엽
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 1989
  • Ouabain, strychnine sulfate, caffeine sodium benzoate and chlorpromazine hydrochloride were introduced intraperitoneally into male mice for 7, 14 and 21 days to induce the changes in the relative percentages of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. The five isozymes in brain, heart and kidney tissues were electrophoresed on cellulose acetate strip and subjected to densitometry. Ouabain caused a drastic increase of B$_4$isozymes only in brain tissues. The two stimulants altered the relative percentages of $A_4$and B$_4$isozymes conspicuously in brain tissues, whereas virtually no redistributions of five isozymes were occurred by the depressant except B$_4$isozymes in brain and heart tissues. On the basis of these observations, it might be suggested that the changes in intracellular concentration of sodium and calcium ions are not the cause of the isozyme redistributions and that Organization of plasma membrane could be one of the factors involved in the tissue specificity of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in vertebrates.

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Transfer of Isolated Nuclei from Agrocybe aegerita Mycelia into Pleurotus florida Protoplasts (사철느타리버섯 원형질체내(原形質體內) 버들볏짚버섯 핵(核)의 전이(轉移))

  • Yoo, Young-Bok;Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Kim, Han-Kyoung;Byun, Myung-Ok;You, Chang-Hyun;Cha, Dong-Yeul;Chang, Kwon-Yawl
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.114-118
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    • 1989
  • The transfer of isolated nuclei from Agrocybe aegerita mycelia of wild type into Pleurotus florida protoplasts of auxotroph was induced with polyethylene glycol. The type 1 of nuclear transfer products was spontaneous segregants of both parental morphology of colony. Hyphae of A. aegerita type had clamp connections while that of P. florida type lacked. Type 2 was main products of nuclear transfer which formed true clamp connections. Type 3 was clampless products. They all produced primordia and developed basidiocarps similar to Agrocybe aegerita. A comparison of nuclei transfer products was made using isozyme analyses of alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Isozyme band patterns of some type 2 strains produced a new band. Band patterns from mycelial extracts of the other strains could be characterized by parental bands.

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Immunological Comparison of the Reptilian $M_4$-LDH Isozyme (파충류 $M_4$형 젖산 수소이탈효소의 면역학적 연구)

  • Park, Sang-Yoon;Cho, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Sang-Yeop
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 1976
  • $M_4$-LDH isozyme was partially purified from the skeletal muscle of Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus. The protein was injected into rabbits and the resulting antiserum was tested for reactivity with crude preparations of LDH isozymes of fifteen vertebrate species. Antisera against $M_4$-LDH isozyme of A. blomhoffii brevicaudus reacted very strongly with the LDH isozymes, except the $H_4$-LDH isozyme, of A. saxatilis and A. caliginosus but weakly with those of Rhabdophis tigrinus at fixed conditions. A. caliginosus showed a difference in the immunodiffusion test and was considered to be a species less related to others of genus Agkisrodon. The suggestion that the H and M lactate dehydrogenase subunits are immunclogically distinct has been reaffirmed in the present study.

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Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozyme of Hypoxia Tropical Catfish(Pangasius Polyuranodon, Hypostomus Plecostomus) (저산소 환경에 서식하는 열대성 catfish (Pangasius Polyuranodon, Hypostomus Ple-Costomus)의 젖산탈수소효소 동위효소)

  • 조성규;염정주
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.702-707
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    • 2004
  • In native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Pangasius polyuranodon, the lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) $A_4$, $A_3$B, $A_2$$B_2$,$AB_3$ and $B_4$ isozymes were expressed in various tissues. The LDH $A_4$ and liver-specific $C_4$ isozymes were expressed in the tissues of Hypostomus Plecostomus. The bands of LDH in skeletal muscle, heart and eye tissues were not detected while one band was detected in kidney and liver, and four bands were detected in brain. The detected one band in liver was identified as alcohol dehydrogenase and an anodal band of skeletal muscle was identified as nothing dehydrogenase. The LDH in skeletal muscle, heart and eye might function as pyruvate reductase. The degree of inhibitions of LDH in skeletal muscle and heart of P. polyuranodon by 10 mM pyruvate were measured 57.6% and 73.8%, respectively. However, those of LDH in tissues of H. plecostomus were measured 52.7-61.8% so tissue specificity did not appear. Therefore, H. ple-costomus might be more acclimated to hypoxic environment by anaerobic metabolism of LDH iso-zymes than P. polyuranodon.

A Biochemical Study for the Development of Genetic Marker on Salmonids in Korea (한국산 연어류에서 Genetic Marker 개발을 위한 생화학적 연구)

  • HONG Kyung-Pyo;MYOUNG Jung-Goo;SON Jin-Ki;PARK Chul-Won
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 1994
  • For the purpose of genetic stock indentification of three species of salmonid fishs and their hybrid, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH), a-gylycerophosphate dehydrogenase(a-GPDH), malic enzyme(ME), 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase(6-PGD), phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI) and phospho-glucomutase(PGM) from skeletal muscle, liver, heart and gill tissues in all three species were analyzed. Chum and masu salmon showed no polymorphic patterns in all isozyme loci, however rainbow trout were found to have polymorphic patterns at MDH-B, LDH and IDH loci. Especially, significant differences were found at MDH-B loci between the three species and the IDH patterns of rainbow trout were also different from the other two species. These loci therefore can be utilized as efficient genetic markers for the identification of hybrids and improve the efficiency of fish breeding. There was no difference except PGI between diploid and triploid isozyme patterns but PGI showed some potential as a marker for triploid in masu salmon.

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Transcriptional Control of Lactate Dehydrogenase A-Gene Expression during the Pre-replicative Phase of Regenerating Rat Liver (백서 재생간조직의 낙산탈수소효소 A-유전자 발현의 전사활성)

  • Kim, Hae-Young;Lee, Seung-Ki
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 1988
  • Transcriptional rate of lactate dehydrogenase A-gene(LDH-A) during the prereplicative phase of regenerating rat liver was determined by in vitro run-off transcription assay. The results show that the transcription rate of LDH A-gene increases between 12 hours and 15 hours peaking at 13 hours after partial hepatectomy of rat liver. The increased rate of LDH A-gene transcription was interfered after DL-propranolol treatment intraperitoneally injected twice at 1 hour and 8 hours after partial hepatectomy indicating that the transcriptional control of LDH A-gene expression may be mediated by beta adrenergic receptor and cAMP as a second messenger. And also was it shown that the temporally increased rate of LDH A-gene transcription was maximum one hour after the second cAMP-surge which is known to play an important role for the initiation of DNA replication during regeneration of rat liver. And the transcriptional rate of LDH A-gene was decreased to the basal level at the time period when the hepatocytes proliferate rapidly suggesting that the induced LDH Aisozyme may be required for the initiation of DNA replication during regeneration of rat liver. These data may be supporting for the hypothesis suggesting that the induced LDH A-isozyme during the pre-replicative phase of regenerating rat liver may play bifunctional roles as a glycolytic enzyme and a helix destablizing protein as well.

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