• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 1989

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and various tissues(skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, lung, kidney and spleen) of Korean native cattle in a Chonju abattoir, the Breeding Stock Farm and Animal Farm of Chonbuk University was determined by using ultra violet method. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distrimution of plasma and various tissues in Korean native cattle was studied. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of Korean native cattle was $554.80{\pm}92.70IU/l$ and the lactate dehydrogenase activity of male plasma was $543.96{\pm}97.89IU/l$, which was lower than that of female plasma, $579.19{\pm}78.09IU/l$. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of calf was $557.31{\pm}110.27IU/l$ and was no significantly different from that of adult Korean native cattle. But the range of calf lactate dehydrogenase activity was larger than that of adult Korean native cattle. In tissues, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased in order of lung, kidney, spleen, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The lung had the greatest activity and the skeletal muscle had the least. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in plasma and tissues were found to have a characteristic distribution and quantitative isoenzyme patterns. In plasma, the LDH1 usually had the greatest activity and other isoenzymes showed a decreasing tendency in order of LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5. The distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes had a wide variation in tissues. But the distribution of LDH isoenzymes in plasma was similar to that in kidney, and also cardiac muscle and spleen had similar pattern in LDH isoenzymes distribution.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.66.1-66.8
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• 2022

Background: Prospective clinical study of blood lactate concentration in horses undergoing colic surgery is needed to determine utility in outcome prediction. Objectives: To evaluate venous lactate measurements in horses following colic surgery, including immediately after anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization, as well as to determine if lactate concentrations were significantly higher in horses that developed postoperative complications or did not survive to hospital discharge. Methods: Horses > 1 year of age undergoing surgery for colic and recovered from general anesthesia were sampled. A portable lactate meter was used to measure venous samples collected immediately following anesthetic recovery and daily throughout hospitalization. Complications arising during hospitalization and survival to hospital discharge were recorded. Results: Fifty one horses were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 29 years. Lactate concentration immediately following anesthetic recovery was higher in horses that developed complications during hospitalization (p = 0.046). The odds of developing complications postoperatively were doubled for horses with a venous lactate concentration > 5 mmol/L. Lactate measurements in non-survivors were significantly higher compared to survivors by 96 h postoperatively (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Higher venous lactate concentrations in the postoperative colic period were associated with an increased risk of complications and death. Results suggest horses with higher venous lactate measurements in recovery are more likely to have postoperative complications, with the odds of developing complications doubled for horses with a venous lactate > 5 mmol/L. Evaluation of venous lactate could provide information on prognosis in the postoperative period for horses with surgical colic.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

[Purpose] Lactate has several beneficial roles as an energy resource and in metabolism. However, studies on the effects of oral administration of lactate on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis are limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how oral administration of lactate affects fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors at specific times (0, 30, 60, 120 min) after intake. [Methods] Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups as follows: the control group (0 min) was sacrificed immediately after oral lactate administration; the test groups were administered lactate (2 g/kg) and sacrificed after 30, 60, and 120 min. Skeletal muscle and liver mRNA expression of GLUT4, FAT/CD36, PDH, CS, PC and GYS2 was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. [Results] GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression was significantly increased in skeletal muscle 120 min after lactate administration. PDH expression in skeletal muscle was altered at 30 and 120 min after lactate consumption, but was not significantly different compared to the control. CS, PC and GYS2 expression in liver was increased 60 min after lactate administration. [Conclusion] Our results indicate that exogenous lactate administration increases GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression in the muscle as well as glycogen synthase factors (PC, GYS2) in the liver after 60 min. Therefore, lactate supplementation may increase fat utilization as well as induce positive effects on glycogen synthesis in athletes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1969

Tissue homogenates of 10 kinds of human cancer tissues were incubated in medium containing either one of $C^{14}-1,\; C^{14}-2,\;or\; C^{14}-3-lactate $ as a substrate in order to observe the oxidative pathway of lactate in cancer tissues. Lactate concentration in incubation medium was maintained at 50 mg%. At the end of incubation period, gas samples and incubation media were analyzed for total $CO_2$ production rates, radioactivities of respiratory $CO_2$, lactate uptake rates and pyruvate appearance rates. The following results were obtained. 1. Lactate uptake rates in all of cancer tissues examined were less than $2.5\;{\mu}M/hr/gm$ and much lower than those in normal tissues. 2. In the 10 kind of human cancer tissues, total $CO_2$ production rates were less than $10\;{\mu}M/hr/gm$, in all cases. These lower values impressed that oxidative metabolism in tumor tissues generally inhibited as compared with that in normal tissue. On the other hand, fractions of $CO_2$ derived from lactate to total $CO_2$ production rates were less than 15% except one case These facts showed that oxidation of lactate into $CO_2$ was greatly inhibited in tumor tissues. 3. Respiratory $CO_2$ yields from C-1 carbon of lactate in various cancer tissues were mean of 77.7% of total $CO_2$ yield from lactate and $CO_2$ yields from C-2 and C-3 carbon of lactate were mean of 9.1% and 12.6% respectively. These facts showed that carboxyl carbon of lactate oxidized more easily than ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ carbon of lactate. 4. In 10 kinds of cancer tissues, fractions of disappeared lacteate from media into $CO_2$ and pyruvate, which expressed as RLD $co_2$ and RLDpy respectively, were about 5% in except 3 cases and less than 3% except one case. These fact showed that almost of disappeared lactate from media were degraded into compounds other than $CO_2$ and pyruvate. From the above date, it was suggested that in the oxidative pathway of lactate in cancer tissues $CO_2$ was easily Produced from carboxyl carbon of lactate by oxidative decarboxylation as in the normal tissue, and further oxidation of 2 carbon unit via TCA cycle was inhibited.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ICING recovery method after sports climbing to blood lactate concentration and heart rate. The subjects were 12 male 20s undergraduate students (ICING group of 6, Control group of 6). Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured before climbing, after climbing, 5-minute recovery and 10minute recovery. Heart rate were also measured during the climbing. The subjects performed climbing 3 times. Data were analysed by SPSS 20.0. To compare blood lactate concentration and heart rate among groups, the independent samples t-test was employed using an alpha level of .05. Mean and standard deviations were computed. Results show that there is no significant difference between the icing group and non-icing group. Yet, the differences of blood lactate concentration were observed between groups. Blood lactate concentration of icing group was significantly higher than non-icing group in the condition of 1st climbing. Blood lactate concentration of non-icing group was significantly higher than icing group in 2nd 10-minute recovery. ICING recovery method is shown to be not significantly effective to blood lactate concentration and heart rate. This could be comprehended that long-term high-intensity (70% of 1RM) exercise can be prepared for the further research.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.591-596
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• 2014

This study evaluated the effect of sodium diacetate and sodium lactate solutions for reducing the cell count of Pseudomonas spp. in frankfurters and hams. A mixture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCCP10338, NCCP10250, and NCCP11229), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (KACC10323 and KACC10326) was inoculated on cooked frankfurters and ham. The inoculated samples were immersed into control (sterile distilled water), sodium diacetate (5 and 10%), sodium lactate (5 and 10%), 5% sodium diacetate + 5% sodium lactate, and 10% sodium diacetate + 10% sodium lactate for 0-10 min. Inoculated frankfurters and ham were also immersed into acidified (pH 3.0) solutions such as acidified sodium diacetate (5 and 10%), and acidified sodium lactate (5 and 10%) in addition to control (acidified distilled water) for 0-10 min. Total aerobic plate counts for Pseudomonas spp. were enumerated on Cetrimide agar. Significant reductions (ca. 2 Log CFU/g) in Pseudomonas spp. cells on frankfurters and ham were observed only for a combination treatment of 10% sodium lactate + 10% sodium diacetate. When the solutions were acidified to pH 3.0, the total reductions of Pseudomonas spp. were 1.5-4.0 Log CFU/g. The order of reduction amounts of Pseudomonas spp. cell counts was 10% sodium lactate > 5% sodium lactate ${\geq}$ 10% sodium diacetate > 5% sodium diacetate > control for frankfurters, and 10% sodium lactate > 5% sodium lactate > 10% sodium diacetate > 5% sodium diacetate > control for ham. The results suggest that using acidified food additive antimicrobials, as dipping solutions, should be useful in reducing Pseudomonas spp. on frankfurters and ham.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 1991

The values of water activity in the different concentrations of NaCl and sodium lactate were measured by hygrometer in the water-sorbitol systems. Interaction of NaCl and sodium lactate was evaluated by Raoult's law. The discrepancy between experimental and theoretical value by the Raoult's law was defined as interaction between water-sorbitol and added solutes in the systems. The changes of interacted water and solutes were observed in whole range of water activity. The value of interacted water (water: sorbitol=1 : 1.1241) obtained by added sodium lactate was found to be higher than sodium chloride. The amount of interacted solute reached maximum about Aw 0.87, while the interactions between added solute and sorbitol showed an increasing tendency below Aw 0.87.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1533-1544
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• 2021

n-Caproic acid (CA) is gaining increased attention due to its high value as a chemical feedstock. Ruminococcaceae bacterium strain CPB6 is an anaerobic mesophilic bacterium that is highly prolific in its ability to perform chain elongation of lactate to CA. However, little is known about the genome-wide transcriptional analysis of strain CPB6 for CA production triggered by the supplementation of exogenous lactate. In this study, cultivation of strain CPB6 was carried out in the absence and presence of lactate. Transcriptional profiles were analyzed using RNA-seq, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lactate-supplemented cells and control cells without lactate were analyzed. The results showed that lactate supplementation led to earlier CA p,roduction, and higher final CA titer and productivity. 295 genes were substrate and/or growth dependent, and these genes cover crucial functional categories. Specifically, 5 genes responsible for the reverse β-oxidation pathway, 11 genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, 6 genes encoding substrate-binding protein (SBP), and 4 genes encoding phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters were strikingly upregulated in response to the addition of lactate. These genes would be candidates for future studies aiming at understanding the regulatory mechanism of lactate conversion into CA, as well as for the improvement of CA production in strain CPB6. The findings presented herein reveal unique insights into the biomolecular effect of lactate on CA production at the transcriptional level.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.301-302
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• 2015

Hypoxia is associated with many pathological conditions as well as the normal physiology of metazoans. We identified a lactate-dependent signaling pathway in hypoxia, mediated by the oxygen- and lactate-regulated protein NDRG family member 3 (NDRG3). Oxygen negatively regulates NDRG3 expression at the protein level via the PHD2/VHL system, whereas lactate, produced in excess under prolonged hypoxia, blocks its proteasomal degradation by binding to NDRG3. We also found that the stabilized NDRG3 protein promotes angiogenesis and cell growth under hypoxia by activating the Raf-ERK pathway. Inhibiting cellular lactate production abolishes NDRG3-mediated hypoxia responses. The NDRG3-Raf-ERK axis therefore provides the genetic basis for lactate-induced hypoxia signaling, which can be exploited for the development of therapies targeting hypoxia-induced diseases in addition to advancing our understanding of the normal physiology of hypoxia responses. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(6): 301-302]

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of energy source on development of in vitro development of in vitro matured and fertilized porcine 2-cell embryos. The relative preferences of glucose, lactate and pyruvate for in vitro development of porcine 2-cell embryos were determined. The results obtained are as follows. 1. 33.3, 20.8 and 29.2% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to lactate, glucose, and both glucose and lactate in the culture medium as energy source, respectively. 2. 38.5, 15.4 and 26.9% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to pyruvate, glucose, and both glucose and pyruvate in culture medium as energy source, respectively. 3. 42.9, 21.4 and 28.6% of porcine embryos reached morula stage in addition to pyruvate and lactate, glucse alone, and glucose, lactate and pyruvate in culture medium as energy source, respectively.