• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2018

표고 재배용 액체종균 배지조성은 대두박분 배지에 입도가 $850{\mu}m$이하인 참나무분 0.3% 첨가 시 균사체 건중량이 457 mg으로 다소 높았으며, Laccase 활성도는 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 배지에 큰 차이가 없었으나 Cellulase 활성도는 CMC Agar Plate에서 26.4 mm로서 참나무분 첨가율별 대두박분 액체종균 처리구중에서 가장 우수하였다. 액체종균의 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량이 증가하여 배양 7일째 최대치를 나타내었으며 균사체 건중량은 10일째 3.0g/l로 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 통기량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소 발생량, 균사체 건중량도 증가하였으며 0.6vvm 처리시 배지 증발율이 32%, 균사체 건중량이 3.5g/l로서 우수하였다. 선발된 액체종균을 톱밥 종균과 생산성 비교를 위하여 톱밥재배 봉지배지에 시험한 결과, 액체종균의 생육기간이 톱밥종균에 비해 1일 지연되었으나, 봉지당 유효 개체수와 수량에는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation of aromatic dyes and the production of ligninolytic enzymes by 10 white rot fungi. The results of this study revealed that Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Ganoderma lucidum, Trametes suaveolens, Stereum ostrea and Fomes fomentarius have the ability to efficiently degrade congo red on solid media. However, malachite green inhibited the mycelial growth of these organisms. Therefore, they did not effectively decolorize malachite green on solid media. However, P. cinnabarinus and P. pulmonarius were able to effectively decolorize malachite green on solid media. T. suaveolens and F. rosea decolorized methylene blue more effectively than any of the other fungi evaluated in this study. In liquid culture, G. lucidum, P. cinnabarinus, Naematoloma fasciculare and Pycnoporus coccineus were found to have a greater ability to decolorize congo red. In addition, P. cinnabarinus, G lucidum and T. suaveolens decolorized methylene blue in liquid media more effectively than any of the other organisms evaluated in this study. Only F. fomentarius was able to decolorize malachite green in liquid media, and its ability to do so was limited. To investigate the production of ligninolytic enzymes in media containing aromatic compounds, fungi were cultured in naphthalene supple mented liquid media. P. coccineus, Coriolus versicolor and P. cinnabarinus were found to produce a large amount of laccase when grown in medium that contained napthalene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2013

A high ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL)-producing strain, Stereum hirsutum, was identified and isolated and showed a maximum BGL activity (10.4 U/ml) when cultured with Avicel and tryptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. In comparison with other BGLs, BGL obtained from S. hirsutum showed a higher level of activity to cellobiose ($V_{max}$ = 172 U/mg, and $k_{cat}$ = 281/s). Under the optimum conditions (600 rpm, $30^{\circ}C$, and pH 6.0), the maximum BGL activity of 10.4 U/ml with the overall productivity of 74.5 U/l/h was observed. BGL production was scaled up from a laboratory scale (7-L fermenter) to a pilot scale (70-L fermenter). When S. hirsutum was cultured in fed-batch culture with rice straw as the carbon source in a 70-L fermenter, a comparable productivity of 78.6 U/l/h was obtained. Furthermore, S. hirsutum showed high levels of activity of other lignocellulases (cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, xylanase, and laccase) that are involved in the saccharification of biomasses. Application of S. hirsutum lignocellulases in the hydrolysis of Pinus densiflora and Catalpa ovata showed saccharification yields of 49.7% and 43.0%, respectively, which were higher than the yield obtained using commercial enzymes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.490-495
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• 1995

Cellulomonas sp. KL-6 균주가 생산하는 cellulase 중 CMCase나 FPase는 세포외로 다량 분비되나 ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 cell bound form으로 존재하여 배양액에서의 생산은 극히 미약하였다. CMCase와 FPase는 배양 5일째에, ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 배양 4일째에 각각 최대생산을 나타내었다. $CaCO_3(0.1%)$가 첨가된 효소생산 최적조건에서 CMCase는 $82\;unit/m{\ell}$를, FPase는 $80\;unit/m{\ell}$를 그리고 ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 $1.2\;unit/m{\ell}$를 각각 생산하였고 이는 기본배지에서 보다 $60{\sim}70%$의 생산증가를 가져왔다. KL-6 균주는 lignase와 laccase의 생산은 없었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2008

Aurofusarin is a polyketide pigment produced by some Fusarium species. The PKS12 and GIP1 genes, which encode a putative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) and a fungal laccase, respectively, are known to be required for aurofusarin biosynthesis in Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum). The ten additional genes, which are located within a 30 kb region of PKS12 and GIP1 and regulated by a putative transcription factor (GIP2), organize the aurofusarin biosynthetic cluster. To determine if they are essential for aurofusarin production in G. zeae, we have employed targeted gene deletion, complementation, and chemical analyses. GIP7, which encodes O-methyltransferase, is confirmed to be required for the conversion of norrubrofusarin to rubrofusarin, an intermediate of aurofusarin. GIP1-, GIP3-, and GIP8-deleted strains accumulated rubrofusarin, indicating those gene products are essential enzymes for the conversion of rubrofusarin to aurofusarin. Based on the phenotypic changes in the gene deletion strains examined, we propose a possible pathway for aurofusarin biosynthesis in G. zeae. Our results would provide important information for better understanding of naphthoquinone biosynthesis in other fdarnentous fungi as well as the aurofusarin biosynthesis in G. zeae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권5호통권133호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2005

This study was performed to get the basic information concerned to the optimum culture condition of Inonotus obliquus. Several solid media, PDA, MEA and Czapek-Dox, and three liquid media were adopted for the in vitro cultivation. Some main features of the fungal morphological characteristics under cultivation conditions were observed and described. Preliminary results showed that appearance of the mycelial mat, hyphal size and substrate pigmentation differed according to the media. The PDA medium was the most favorable substrate for the growth on solid culture, followed by MEA and Czapek-Dox media. Concerned to the addition of amino acids, 5 amino acids, such as alanine, alginine, isoleucine, leucine and threonine, enhanced to the mycelial growth. Isoleucine was shown the best fungal growth. An important morphological hyphal structure for the fungus, the setae, was found in abundance and diverse its shape and size. In liquid culture, fresh potato broth was the best growth stimulant of the fungus, followed by Malt extract and potato broth. Addition of yeast extract to the liquid media had improved the biomass, but not laccase production.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.115-119
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• 1999

During mechanical pulp production and blcaching wood components, such as extractives, carbohydrates and lignin are dissolved and dispersed into the process waters. These components are called dissolved and colloidal substances(DCS). DCS can accumulate during water circulation and can in turn affect paper machine runnability and also the strength and optical properties of the paper. In this work DCS fraction origination from TMP process were treated with enzymes acting on triglycerides. glucomannans, and lignin and the effect of enzymatic treatments on the water composition as well as sheet properies were evaluated. Lipases were found to modify the chemical structure of the extractives resulting in more hydrophilic fibre surface and subsequent improvement in the sheet strength properties. Mannanase treatment, on the other hand, destabilized pitch. As a result, aggregation of pitch to the fibres was observed which in turn resulted in impaired strength properties. Laccase could effectively polymerize lignans and the reaction products seemed to be sorbed onto the fibres.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2018

녹청균류(Chlorociboria spp.)는 청록색 색소를 생산할 수 있는 연부후성 자낭균류로, 한국에 자생하는 녹청균류를 분리하여 다양한 배양 조건에서 균의 생장 특성과 세포외효소 활성을 조사하였다. 비록 균사 생장 속도는 느렸지만, 시험 균주들은 malt extract agar (MEA) 배지를 제외한 potato dextrose agar (PDA)와 Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) 배지에서 비교적 잘 생장하였다. PDA와 SDA 배지 상에서 C. poutoensis의 청록색 색소 발현도는 C. aeruginascens 보다 높았다. 최적 생장 온도는 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$이며, $10^{\circ}C$보다 $30^{\circ}C$에서 생장력이 약했다. $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$에서 모든 균주는 배양 온도가 증가함에 따라 균사 생장력도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 정치배양 시 potato dextrose broth (PDB) 배지의 최적 생장 pH는 균주에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 60일 배양체의 균체량이 가장 높게 나타난 균주는 NIFoS 579 ($114.3{\pm}5.1mg$)로, 비교적 넓은 pH 범위에서도 청록색 색소 발현을 안정적으로 유지하였다. 녹청균류의 모든 시험 균주은 cellulase와 laccase 활성을 나타냈으며, 다른 균주들보다 NIFoS 579의 효소 활성이 확연히 높았다. 이러한 결과들로부터 NIFoS 579는 청록색 천연 염료제로 이용 가능한 후보 균주라 생각한다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권4호통권83호
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• pp.257-267
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• 1997

강원도 양양군 일원 야산의 뽕나무에서 자생하고 있는 상황버섯 형태의 자실체를 채집하고, 그 자실체로부터 Phellnus속의 한 균주를 분리동정하였으며, 액체배양에 의하여 분리 균사체의 대량생산을 위한 배양조건, 배지조성 및 배양장치의 영향을 조사하였다. 자실체는 표면이 검으며 거칠고, 갓의 안쪽은 황갈색으로 평평하였으며, 자실층이 두터웠고(5-7 cm), 말굽형으로 조직이 매우 단단하여 전형적인 상황버섯의 형태를 나타내었다. 또, 조직 일부를 water agar에 이식하여 순수분리한 결과, 분리된 균사체는 황갈색으로, PDA 평판배지에서 자갈색의 색소를 분비하였으며, 균사는 clamp connection을 형성하지 않았고, 많은 branch가 있었다. 또 laccase, tyrosinase 및 peroxidase activity를 가지고 있어, 본 균주는 Phellinus속의 한 균주로 확인되었다. 플라스크 배양에서 균사체 생성을 위한 최적배양조건은 접종비 5%(v/v), 배지액량 70 mL, 교반속도 150rpm, 초기 pH 6, 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$ 및 배양기간은 8일이었다. 또, 반응표면분석에 의한 최적 배지조성은 glucose 12.12 g/L, sucrose 12.12 g/L, yeast extract 11.15 g/L, malt extract 11.15 g/L, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.855 g/L 및 $CaCl_2$ 0.855 g/L 이었으며, 배양 4일 및 8일 후 균사체량은 각각 1.95 및 9.89 g/L 이었고, 최대 비생육속도 $0.020\;hr^{-1}$, 생산성은 1.25 g/L/day이었다. 그러나 서로 다른 3종의 배양장치를 사용한 결과, 3 L air-lift fermentor에서 통기량 2.5 vvm으로 4일간 배양하였을 때, 약 7.5g/L의 균사체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이때, 최대 비증식속도는 $0.033\;hr^{-1}$, 생산성은 1.9g/L/day로, 같은 기간내 플라스크 배양시 보다 각각 1.7 및 4.2배가 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2020

Objective: The effects of Pleurotus ostreatus on the feed utilization of broad bean stalks (BBS), rape straw (RS), paddy straw (PS), and corn stalk (CS) was examined. Methods: The four roughages were co-cultured with Pleurotus ostreatus. The chemical composition; enzyme activities of laccase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase; carbohydrate and protein fractions (based on The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System [CNCPS]) were assessed at different days after inoculation (7, 14, 21, 28 d) and un-inoculated roughages (control, 0 d). The digestibility of nutrient components and the gas production of roughage with various incubation times were monitored at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h using an in vitro ruminal fermentation method. Results: A higher CMCase activity (0.1039 U/mL) and earlier time to peak (14 d) were detected in Pleurotus ostreatus cultured with CS (p<0.05). Significantly, the incubation length-dependent responses of cumulative gas production were observed from 24 to 72 hours post fermentation (p<0.05), and these incubation length-dependent effects on cumulative gas production of PS and CS appeared earlier (24 h) for PS and CS than those (48 h) for BBS and RS (p<0.05). The fast-degradable carbohydrate (CA) content for all four roughages significantly increased over time (p<0.05). Nonetheless, increased degradation efficiency for CA treated with Pleurotus ostreatus was detected at both 21 and 28 days of incubation (p<0.05). With the exception of PS (p<0.05), there were no significant difference among the roughages (p>0.05) in slowly-degradable carbohydrate (CB2) at different incubation times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of the alterations in chemical composition, CNCPS system fractions, and the fermentation kinetics after biological pretreatment may yield a valuable database for evaluating the biological pretreatment of Pleurotus ostreatus in ruminant feed.