• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2022

The purpose of laboratory tests in the field of oral medicine can be divided into two categories: (1) medical evaluation of patients with systemic diseases that are planning to receive dental care and (2) diagnosis of patients with certain oral diseases. First, laboratory tests are commonly used to evaluate patients with systemic diseases who need dental management. A combination of multiple tests is usually prescribed as a test panel to diagnose and assess a specific disease. Test panels closely related to oral medicine include those for rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease/lupus, liver function, thyroid screening, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Second, laboratory tests are used as auxiliary diagnostic methods for certain oral diseases. They often provide crucial diagnostic information for infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are associated with pathology in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Laboratory tests for infectious diseases are composed of growth-dependent methods, immunologic assays, and molecular biology. As the field develops, further application of laboratory tests, including synovial fluid analysis in temporomandibular joint disorders, salivary diagnostics, and hematologic biomarkers associated with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain conditions, is currently under scrutiny for their reliability as diagnostic tools.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-125
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• 2018

Objectives : It is difficult to make accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease because of its multiple, subjective and non-specific symptoms. It is possible to reduce errors of differential diagnosis through detailed history taking and physical examination in parallel with laboratory tests based on clinical decision. Methods : Korean and foreign on-line databases(Pubmed, Cochran Library, NDSL, KISS and OASIS) were researched for articles discussing laboratory tests in musculoskeletal diseases. Results : Laboratory tests could be applied usefully for various musculoskeletal diseases, In this review, available laboratory components in these musculoskeletal diseases are summarized, and then significance and usefulness of disease-specific laboratory examination are described. Conclusions : When examining musculoskeletal patients, it needs to accurate differential diagnosis by full interview and physical examination, to select required tests by understanding laboratory tests thoroughly, and to judge the prognosis precisely.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate GDH & Toxin (GDT) tests for the identification of the presence of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) as well as to detect whether any toxin was present in the feces of patients suspected of diarrhea associated with C. difficile. Data related to the results of toxin and culture (TC) tests and GDT tests conducted on patients with diarrhea and suspected CDI between January 2017 and august 2018, positive test rates, patient ages and sexes, whether the patients were hospitalized, and turnaround time (TAT) were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 7,554 total tests conducted for CDI diagnosis, 1,010 TC tests (14.9%) were positive, while 92 GDT tests (12.0%) were positive. Of these positive cases, 815 (80.7%) identified through TC test and 80 (87%) identified through GDT test were inpatients. also, among the patients with positive test results, 497 (49.2%) diagnosed through TC test and 45 (48.9%) diagnosed through GDT test were aged 61 years or older. The total time required to complete a TC test was 83.6 hours, while the time required for a GDT test was 11.2 hours, equating to an approximately three-day difference between the two tests. The detection of toxin-producing C. difficile is important in CDI diagnosis, but the commonly used Enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) toxin tests with low sensitivity result in delayed CDI diagnosis time. Therefore, primary screening tests for CDI diagnosis using the GDT method and secondary tests using additional methods are considered most effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.379-386
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• 2001

Piled raft foundations are usually used to reduce total and differential settlements of superstructures. In the piled raft foundations, the raft is often on its own able to provide adequate bearing capacity and only few widely spaced piles are added to the foundation to keep settlements be1ow a certain limit. In this paper, experimental studies on the load sharing ratio between piles and raft are carried out. Also, for evaluating the application of optimum design technique using a genetic algorithm, optimal locations of files are compared with the results of laboratory model tests. from tile results of laboratory model tests, there are found that the load sharing ratio between files and raft is depended on the number of piles and stiffness of raft, and the optimal locations of piles became concentrated on the middle of rafts. From these results of laboratory model tests, the optimum technique using a genetic algorithm is acknowledged to the application in the piled raft.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-8
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• 2003

The health screening and promotion is an emerging field of clinical preventiemedicine and is proved to be effective for reduction of diseaseprevalence, particularly life-style related diseases in aged population. However, the goal of perodic health screening can be achieved by a reliable health screening that largely depond on the quality of tests. Various tests including ultrasonography, endoscopy, CT and automated blood analyzers are used in health screening. Thesescreening tests are usually sensitive, but not specific to the presence of diseases. It meams the tests produce more false positive results, that demand eztra-expenses for the confirmation of disease. Promising screening tests should be sensitive as well as specific. However, it is not easy to maintain the quality of laboratory tests, because it is affected by various factors, such as instruments, reagents, laboratory methods and human factors. This review focuses on internal and external quality control of laboratory tests and quality management of health screening services to obtain reliable test results.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-301
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• 2022

The present study aims to investigate the difference of soundscape evaluation results from on-site field test and laboratory test which are commonly used for soundscape surveys. In order to do this, both field and lab tests were carried out at four different areas in Cheongju city. On-site questionnaire surveys were undertaken to 65 people at 13 points. Laboratory listening tests were carried out to 48 adults using recorded sounds and video. Laboratory tests were undertaken to two different groups who had experience of field survey or not. Also, two different sound reproduction tools, headphones and speakers, were used in laboratory tests. As a result, it was found that there is a very close correlation between sound loudness and annoyance in both field and laboratory tests. However, it was concluded that there must be a difference in recognizing the figure sounds between field and laboratory tests since it is hard to apprehend on-site situation only using visual and aural information provided in laboratory tests. In laboratory tests, it was shown that there is a some difference in perceived most loud figure sounds in two groups using headphones and speakers. Also, it was analyzed that there is a tendency that field experienced people recognize the figure sounds using their experienced memory while non-experienced people can not perceive the figure sounds.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1140-1151
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• 2006

Inherited metabolic disorders are individually rare but as a whole, they are nor rare. Since Archibald Garrod introduced a concept of "inborn error of metabolism" or "chemical individuality", more than 500 diseases are currently known, affecting approximately one in 500 newborns cumulatively. They frequently manifest with acute, life-threatening crisis that require immediate specific intervention or they present with insidious diverse symptoms and signs involving multiple visceral organs or tissues as well as central nervous system, hampering a correct diagnosis. In addition, many pediatricians are not familiar with all diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diverse inherited metabolic disorders. However, the prognosis of affected children are heavily dependent on rapid and effective treatment. In this lecture, practical guidelines for the specific diagnosis based on diverse clinical features of inherited metabolic disorders will be described. Many sophisticated laboratory tests are available for confirmatory diagnosis of each disease, which challenge to general pediatricians with respect to knowledge about biochemical metabolite assay test, enzymatic test and DNA diagnostic tests. Sample collections, indications, methods and interpretation of results in varying laboratory tests will be listed as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.345-352
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• 2000

It is very important to evaluate the reliable nonlinear modulus characteristics of soils not only in the analysis of geotechnical structures under working stress conditions but also for the soil dynamic problems. For the evaluation of modulus characteristics of soils, various tests have been mostly employed in laboratory. However, different testing techniques are likely to have different ranges of reliable strain measurements, different applied stress level, and different loading frequencies, and the modulus of soils can be affected by these variables. For reliable evaluation, therefore, those effects on the modulus need to be considered, and measured values should be effectively adjusted to actual conditions where the soil is working. In this paper, to evaluate the modulus characteristics of soils, laboratory testing such as free-free resonant column (FF-RC), resonant column (RC), torsional shear (TS), static TX, and cyclic M/sub R/ tests were performed. The effects of strain amplitude, loading frequency, loading cycles, confining pressure, density, and water content on modulus were investigated. It is shown that the FF-RC test, which is simple and inexpensive testing technique, can provide a reliable estimation of small strain Young's modulus (E/sub max/), and the modulus evaluated by various laboratory tests are comparable to each other fairly well when the effects of these factors are properly taken into account.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.spc1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2005

Invasive candidiasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical diagnosis is complicated by a lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms of disease. Laboratory diagnosis is also complex because circulating antibodies to Candida species may occur in normal individuals as the result of commensal colonization of mucosal surfaces thereby reducing the usefulness of antibody detection for the diagnosis of this disease. In addition, Candida species antigens are often rapidly cleared from the circulation so that antigen detection tests often lack the desired level of sensitivity. Microbiological confirmation is difficult because blood cultures can be negative in up to 50% of autopsy-proven cases of deep-seated candidiasis or may only become positive late in the infection. Positive cultures from urine or mucosal surfaces do not necessarily indicate invasive disease although can occur during systemic infection. Furthermore, differences in the virulence and in the susceptibility of the various Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management. Newer molecular biological tests have generated interest but are not yet standardized or readily available in most clinical laboratory settings nor have they been validated in large clinical trials. Laboratory surveillance of at-risk patients could result in earlier initiation of antifungal therapy if sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, which are also cost effective, become available. This review will compare diagnostic tests currently in use as well as those under development by describing their assets and limitations for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

Inherited metabolic disorders are individually rare but as a whole, they are nor rare. Since Archibald Garrod introduced a concept of "inborn error of metabolism" or "chemical individuality", more than 600 diseases are currently known, affecting approximately one in 500 newborns cumulatively. They frequently manifest with acute, life-threatening crisis that requires immediate specific intervention or they present with insidious diverse symptoms and signs involving multiple visceral organs or tissues as well as central nervous system, hampering a correct diagnosis. In addition, many pediatricians are not familiar with all diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diverse inherited metabolic disorders. However, the prognosis of affected children are heavily dependent on rapid and effective treatment. In this lecture, practical guidelines for the specific diagnosis based on diverse clinical features of inherited metabolic disorders will be described. Many sophisticated laboratory tests are available for the confirmatory diagnosis of each disease, which is challenging to general pediatricians with respect to knowledge about biochemical metabolite assay test, enzymatic test and DNA diagnostic tests. Sample collections, indications, methods and interpretation of results in varying laboratory tests will be listed as well.