• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.47-72
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• 2017

Objectives: Do husbands with working wives share domestic labor more equally than husbands with unemployed housewives? Is the husband's contribution sufficient enough to satisfy his wife? These questions have long inspired many researchers to find ways to more accurately estimate husband's domestic contributions and narrow the emotional gap following the different threshold of satisfaction within couples, but not without some limits. This study attempted to figure out an answer to the above-mentioned subject by using time diaries of Korean married couples with a preschooler as their first-born child and relying on the typology of husbands' sharing of housework and childcare, which allowed me to overcome some limitations of prior research. Method: I analyzed a total of 1,716 diaries of 858 married couples from 2014 Korea Time Use Survey with descriptive statistics, t-test, cluster analysis, and multinomial logit. Results: Analytic results showed that husbands in dual-earner households did share domestic labor more equally than husbands in single-earner households, but there were different types of husband's contribution depending on time they spent in housework and childcare. While more than half of husbands with employed wives shared more or less than ten percent of domestic labor, the rest were divided into one group of husbands who shared both housework and childcare more heavily and evenly, and another group who were mainly involved in childcare duties. It is interesting that husbands who made the least contributions to domestic labor were not the ones with the lowest level of satisfaction with their sharing of household labor, whereas their wives were deeply dissatisfied, leading to a huge emotional gap within couples. Conclusion: Identifying factors associated with the three different types allowed me to find a point of intervention to narrow the emotional gap that is likely to harm the marital relationship if left unattended to.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1992

This study has made use of the work sampling for work analysis and productivity of food service institutions centering on 3 general hospitals of 400∼600 beds and centralized service system in Seoul. The results were as flollows; 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians: The indirect work functions marked the highest, as it was 22.0% for the direct work functions, 57.4% for the indirect work functions and 20.6% for the delays. Among the indirect work functions, the decreasing order was original clerical (38.1%), instruction or teaching (8.5%), conference or interview (8.5%), and appraisal (2.3%). 2. In the mean work percent of clerical personnels: The direct work functions (67.2%) marked the highest. Among those, routine clerical was 64.3%, and receiving was 2.8%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers: The direct work functions (77.4%) marked the highest. Among those, the decreasing order was service (24.7%), cooking (22.5%), cleaning (18.2%), and transportation (10.3%). 4. Work percent per labor hour: Dietitians usually continued to work even during the lunch time. In case of clerical personnel working in turn, work percent was high even during the lunch time, however in the other case, it was very low. It was shown that the workers had lunch and break time after every their service. 5. The number of meals served per labor hour were 6.3 meals, and labor time spent per served meal 9.8 minutes.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to review the technological deterministic debate that the development of household technology would decrease housework. For the purpose this study made use of all sorts of literature and the interview resources obtained from 86 housewives above 30 years old. It was expected the household capital goods would save housework time and labor. The total time spent in housework and fatigue however seemed not much lessened during the diffusion period. Household capital goods were also expected to enhace the housework satisfaction and increase much housework participation of husband and children; yet neither of them appeared much high during the diffusion period.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.259-262
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• 2015

Due to the labor-intensiveness, high investment cost, long execution time, frequent change orders, and many stakeholders in a BIM project, a BIM manager is bound to face a lot of risks to make decisions in cost managing process. Since the productivity of a BIM team will affect the execution cost, this study investigates a simple method of assessing the productivity of a BIM team using the working timesheet records of the team. In this research, the productivity of a BIM team is defined as the effective working floor area (in square meters) of BIM uses per labor-time (in man-months) spent by the team. After the applicability of this method is tested by regression analysis using data from 5 real BIM projects in the construction phase, it is found that the simple productivity definition adopted in the method, although easy-to-implement, does not produce a statistically constant productivity value. More research is therefore needed in the future to devise better indicator(s) for assessing the productivity of a BIM team.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of time usage of the retired elderly so as to improve their quality of life. The subjects of this study were 225 elderly people in Jeonnam Province. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follows : (1) The retired elderly spend more time in physiological activities and leisure, and there was no day difference in time use. (2) On weekdays, the variables affecting labor time were age, former job, health state, and education. On the weekends, education, health state, and former job had significant effects on the amount of time spent on labor. (3) The variables affecting participation and volunteer time were: monthly living expenses, age, spouse, former job, and house, on weekdays, and on the weekends, significant factors were spouse, age, and former job. (4) The variables affecting leisure time were education, age, monthly living expenses, religion, and economic state, on the weekdays, and on weekends, the significant factors were education, economic state, house, religion, and former job.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

본 연구는 임상간호사의 감정노동, 회복탄력성 및 심리적 안녕의 관계를 확인하고, 임상간호사의 심리적 안녕을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 실시된 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 인천광역시 및 충청남도에 소재한 300 병상 이상의 2개 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사를 대상으로 편의 표출되었으며 총 187명의 간호사를 대상으로 2016년 6월 10일부터 8월 20일까지 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 실수와 백분율, 평균 및 표준편차, t-test와 ANOVA, Pearson's 상관관계, 다중회귀 분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 94.7%가 여성이며 평균연령은 29.80세로 3년제 전문학사가 61.5%, 미혼이 70.6%였다. 감정노동은 평균 $3.37{\pm}.50$점, 회복탄력성은 평균 $3.29{\pm}.45$점, 심리적 안녕은 평균 $3.25{\pm}.47$점으로 나타났다. 감정노동과 심리적 안녕은 음의 상관관계(r=-.165, p<.05), 회복탄력성과 심리적 안녕은 양의 상관관계(r=.686, p<.01)가 있었으며, 회복탄력성은 심리적 안녕의 예측요인으로 46.8%(F=164.43, p<.001)의 설명력을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 높은 감정노동을 수행해야 하는 임상간호사의 심리적 안녕을 향상시키기 위한 회복탄력성을 강화시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발을 제언한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the standard work time of dietetic staff through work sampling methodology in school flood service systems. Work measurement through work sampling methodology was conducted in five conventional, five commissary and five joint management flood service systems over two consecutive weeks in October 1999. Statistical analysis was performed on the SAS/Win 6.12 package program for Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison. Observed data were satisfied with a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of $\pm$ 0.05. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The actual time spent by dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood servile systems was 2,394, 2,521 and 2,110 minutes per week, respectively. Transportation time of each flood service systeml and ILO allowance rate (11%) was applied. Thus, the standard work time per week of dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood service systems was 2,746.14, 2,861.58 and 2,520.81 minutes, respectively. The standardized index was 1.04, 1.08 and 0.95 men in conventional, commissary, and joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Regardless of the school flood service system, those with "the duty of cooking and distribution management" had the longest labor time, while those with "duty of nutritional education" had the shortest labor time.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate work analysis by use of work sampling and productivity of school feeding at three elementary schools in Seoul. The results were as knows: 1. In the mean work percent of dietitians The direct work functions showed the highest, as the mean work percent was 40.4% for me direct work functions, 29.9% for me indirect work functions and 29.8% for me delays. Among the direct work functions, routine clerical was 30.9%, and receiving was 9.5%. 2. In the mean work percent of bakers The direct work functions (73.5%) marked the highest. Among those, cooking was 41.8%, transportation was 15.9%, and cleaning was 8.5%. 3. In the mean work percent of workers The direct work functions (781%) were me highest. Among those, the decreasing order was cooking (32.3%), cleaning (27.8%), and transportation (13.8%). 4. Work percent per labor hour The work percent per labor hour of dietitians was higher in the morning than in me afternoon, while they continued to work even during the lunch time. Bakers usually worked in me morning, but rarely worked in me afternoon. Workers had lunch and break time after their food service. In me school aided by parents volunteers, the total work time of workers was reduced by an hour and their work percent in me afternoon was high. 5. The number of mea1s served per labor hour was 32.6 meals, and me labor time spent per served mea1 was 1.8 minutes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.561-574
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• 2006

This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2003

In this study, I analyzed dual-career commuting couples time use. Concretely, this study compared the husband with the wife on the becoming a commuter family, the living apart on weekdays. And it examined time use on weekdays and weekends by the time amount of each activities and the ratio of actor on each hour. The survey participants included 131 married people who were dual-career commuting couple and who were maintained separate residence and work place. The major findings are as follows: First, weekday separation of the dual-career commuting couples is largely due to career. This kind separation is mostly due to sociostructural labor market factor and individual factor to increasing working women. Second, 94.6%(53) of male participants were resident living apart from their family on weekdays. Third, the most wives mentioned some kind of emotional liberation such as freedom on weekdays. Finally, there was gender difference in the time spent on each activities when dual-career commuting couples are living together and they are apart. Especially the most gender difference on weekdays is household work time and leisure time.