• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Uzbekistan has been gradually integrating into the world economy since gaining its independence back in 1991. The need to integrate stems from the desire to advance the national economy and social well-being of population through importing advanced technologies or stimulating exports. However, opening up the country also meant exposure to increase in the mobility of its human capital. As a result, Uzbekistan has witnessed labor migration in and out of the country in the past couple of decades, driven by various causes, which is having inevitable social and economic implications for the country. Intensifying processes in contemporary international labor market make migration as a mechanism, which has a back-to-back impact onto and from economic development of a country. From developing countries' perspective, international labor migration is an instrument for reducing tension in national labor markets, decreasing high rates of unemployment and expanding sources of income. From developed countries' perspective, international labor migration helps solve demographic problems like decreasing number of population, aging of population and shortage of labor force. Thus, this processes turned into a mechanism or a system, which is not possible to ignore. Uzbekistan, in particular, is increasing its participation in the international labor market due to its high rates of population growth and young population.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.53-85
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• 2020

We examine how certain occupational physical requirements affect labor transitions of disabled workers by exploiting a unique feature of South Korean Disability Insurance (DI), where award rules are based solely on an applicant's medical condition, independent of his previous occupations. We estimate the labor market response to a health shock by constructing a physical intensity measure from O^⁎NET and applying it to longitudinal South Korean household panel data. Our results suggest that health shocks initially lead to a 14 to 20 percent drop in employment and that this effect is greater for workers who previously held physically demanding occupations. Those who remain part of the labor market exhibit higher occupational mobility toward less physically demanding jobs. These findings imply that the magnitudes of income risks associated with health shocks vary depending on occupational and skill characteristics.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-90
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• 2020

The city of Sumqayit in Azerbaijan was famous in the USSR for its chemical plants, which supplied the whole country with plastics, detergents, and fertilizers. While production increased in the post-WWII period, young people from remote Caucasian villages were attracted as workers to the industrial settlement on the shore of the Caspian Sea and worked together with specialists from all over the USSR. Migration did not stop when the USSR collapsed. To the contrary, mobility increased as Azerbaijani refugees from Armenia and IDPs from Karabakh fled to Sumqayit, which grew to become the second-largest city of Azerbaijan. Although a generation has passed since the ceasefire, IDPs still are separately administered. In the last 20 years, more and more internal migrants have chosen the Greater Baku Region as their destination, mostly finding jobs in the informal labor market. In the post-independence transformative period, informal housing has offered migrants a place to stay in the city. Sumqayit can be regarded as an arrival city, an established urban platform for migrants who prefer internal over transnational migration.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-37
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• 2005

This article examines the reasons for the observed discrepancy between worker's actual and required levels of schooling and the resulting economic effects in wage and labor mobility using KRIVET's Graduates Economic Activities Survey in 2005. Overeducated workers in Korea are estimated to be 10.1%-20.7% among junior college graduates and 18.8% among university graduates for their first job according to job analysis method and worker's self-assessment method each. The effects of school quality-measured by the student/teacher ratio, school building area/student ratio-on the overeducation of their graduates are found to be mostly insignificant not only junior colleges but also universities. This founding implies that the increase of education investment from schools does not acquire any recognition from the labor market. Also, the effects of overeducation and school quality on wages are found to be insignificant and job mobility has little effects on improving overeducated workers' job match.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.123-148
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• 2020

This study empirically estimates the possible association between the college graduate Young Peoples' wages in the labor market and their internal migration through college education after high school education. Using the Graduate Occupation Mobility Survey(GOMS), we found out that the more likely young peoples find jobs in the location from different their hometown the higher they command wages in the labor market.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.78
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• pp.177-205
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• 2016

This study set out to investigate the reality of local press and changes to the occupational identity of reporters through the job mobility of reporters at local newspapers. The study examined what reasons the reporters had when they retired from one of three paper newspapers in Daejeon, where they moved to, and how their career mobility was. Some of them remained in the field of journalism including paper newspapers of the same kind and Internet newspapers, and others moved to various areas including politics, administration, academy, economy, and culture and art. The biggest number of them said they left their old paper newspapers because of poor wages and welfare benefits and absence of future visions. Their decision of leaving their old paper newspapers was also influenced by restructuring, restrictions to coverage and reporting, and great workload. Before the IMF foreign currency crisis in 1997, the press labor market was a typical internal labor market with the practitioners joining a newspaper in open recruitment and climbing up the promotion ladder from a common reporter through Deputy Head and Head of a department to Director of a bureau. The emergence of new media and the financial difficulties of newspaper corporations were currently making the internal labor market worse. Reporters made active use of social capital such as regionalism, alumni ties, and news beats rather than changing jobs by increasing their professionalism through self-development, thus causing side effects including the weakened supervision and criticism functions of local newspapers and damaging their occupational identity as reporters.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to show the possibility of labor mobility among married women by analysing some variables to have effects on their employment status and willingness to move in the labo market, namely, whether they would willingly enter into/come out the labor market. The personal collecting data were used and one discirminant function and two probit models were employed to analyse the efficients to the independent variables. The resets of this study were as follows. The very discriminant variables to have significant effects on the employment status of married women were the age of the youngest and the number of children. The willingness to enter into the labor market of unemployed married women was high in contrast as the willingness to keep the job was high among employed married women. The subjective perception on their own health, children related variables, and financial variable were very significant to predict the possiblities to move in the labor market among married women. It was remarkable that the psychological variables, which were related with the attitudes toward the occupation of house wife and employment of married women, were also important. These results showed that first of all, the decision of whether they enter into or come out in the labor market among married women is largely on the basis of the household situation not on the personal capacities of married women themselves.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.260-268
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• 2022

The article considers the training, competitiveness of specialists, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of specialists in the context of distance learning. The advantages of distance learning are shown. The characteristic features of distance learning in the preparation of students and in the implementation of these technologies in the educational process of higher educational institutions are determined. Competitiveness, professional mobility, professionalism and competence of a specialist are qualities that determine a person's life and work success. Professional mobility is interpreted as a systemic quality of a specialist's personality, which includes a whole range of knowledge, skills, abilities, personal qualities, value orientations, and so on. The vision of mobility of specialists by foreign scientists is presented. It is noted that the classification of professional mobility presented in the article makes it possible to organize various movements from a single position, to present them as separate manifestations of the general process of professional and pedagogical mobility, to determine which type of mobility ensures the performance of certain social functions. It was found that mobility can be differentiated into differentiated and intergeneration. According to the subject, individual and group mobility are distinguished; according to the direction - internal and external. The classification of employees according to their attitude to mobility is shown, which can be divided into the following groups: actually mobile; potentially mobile; actually stable; potentially stable.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.281-304
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• 2018

This paper aims at analysing what impacts the experience of self-employed business have had on the income mobility. Since 2000s, the flexibilization of labor market and the population aging led to the increase of the number of self-employed job as many retirees at the age of early 50s has set up the self-employed business as a bridge job. However, previous researches just have emphasized on the impoverishment of the self-employed, but not focused on what different effects the experience of self-employed had on the income class mobility by age group. This paper compares the difference in the income class mobility by age group and employment status, and analyses its longitudinal trends. According to the result, as a whole the experience of self-employed has positive effect on the upper mobility of income class, but it become disadvantageous for the upper mobility as the age goes up. When belonging to the age group over 60s, the experience of self-employed rather increases the risk of lowering income class. Just as the experience of self-employed has different effects on income class mobility by age group, so the differentiated measures for age groups are demanded.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.79-115
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• 2012

In the study, we try to get reliable estimates of intergenerational income mobility in Korea. At first, we show that the low estimates of previous studies are mainly due to sample selection problem. The direct estimations using OLS after correcting this problem show higher values than previous estimates. We also compute the attenuation bias by decomposing the variances of earnings into the variances of permanent and transitory components of earnings by the results of the regression. Additionally, we try to estimate the range of intergenerational mobility by comparing the OLS results with the results of the two samples instrumental variable estimation and the three samples instrumental variable estimation. The results of these estimations are a little higher than or similar to OLS results.