• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.506-512
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• 2001

Ketoprofen (KP) was formulated as a transdermal patch using the percutaneous penetration enhancers sorbitan monmmleate(SMO), polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP). The control patch without penetration enhancers showed a KP flux of 8.9$\pm$0.75$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h The flux was increased in proportion to the concentration of SMO added. Furthermore, lag times were decreased upon addition of SMO. Conversely; the skin flux of KP was decreased in proportion to the concentration of PVP added. Pharmacokinetic parameters including $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$, and AUC were increased when SMO was added. However, $C_{mas}$ significantly decreased by the addition of PVP. $T_{max}$ was not significantly different in 2%, 4%, and 8% PVP patches. Patches containing 4% PVP showed the highest AUC value (19.158$\mu\textrm{g}$.h/ml). We found that the effectiveness of the two percutaneous penetration enhancers for topical KP patches was similar, with the addition of appropriate amounts of HPC modifying both skin flux and lag time of KP in the patches. In conclusion, it is possible to manufacture KP patches exhibiting high AUC, high skin flux, and short lag time using percutaneous penetration enhancers of SMO and PVP.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2015

To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the heavy metal adsorption from internal organs and blood, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from human feces. Some strains resistant to heavy metals were selected by incubation in agar media containing each of chrome and cadmium salts. Among them, a strain named KP-3 was ultimately chosen due to its higher growth rate in selective broth medium containing the heavy metals at the concentration of 0.01%. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. For evaluating the ability to prevent accumulation of heavy metals by selected Lactobacillus sp. strain in vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with heavy metal salts (cadmium, chrome and lead) with or without cultured whole cells for 7 days. The amounts of heavy metals accumulated in liver, kidney and blood were analyzed. As a result, chrome was accumulated to kidney mostly, and lead was frequently found in liver and kidney. Experimental group (rats fed with lactic acid bacteria) showed less accumulation of heavy metal than control group (rats fed with saline solution). The inhibition rates of heavy metal accumulation were calculated to 41.8% (Cd), 33.4% (Cr) and 44.2% (Pb). Especially, feeding lactic acid bacteria strongly reduced accumulation of cadmium in blood. The results showed that feeding Lactobacillus sp. KP-3 could prevent the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the living body.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1141-1148
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• 2008

Geometry optimizations and electronic structure calculations are reported for meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and a series of meso-substituted catecholic porphyrins (KP99150, KP99151, KP99152, KP99153, and KP99090) using density functional theory (DFT). The calculated B3LYP//RHF bond lengths are slightly longer than those of LSDA//RHF. The calculated electronic structures clearly show that TPP and meso-catecholic group contribute to π-electron conjugation along porphyrin ring for HOMO and LUMO, significantly reduced the HOMO-LUMO gap. The wavelength due to B3LYP energy gaps is favored with experimental value in Soret (B), and LSDA energy gaps are favored with experimental value in visible bands (Q). The electronic effect of the catecholic groups is to reduced energies of both the HOMOs and LUMOs. However, the distortion of porphyrin predominantly raises the energies of the HOMOs, so the net result is a large drop in HOMO and smaller drop in LUMO energies upon meso-substituted catecholic group of the porphyrin macrocycle as shown in KP99151 and KP99152 of Figure 5(a). These results are in reasonable agreement with normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) results. The HOMO-LUMO gap is an important factor to consider in the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

Glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is the first step in the glycerol metabolism pathway. GlyDH has attracted great interest for its potential industrial applications, since DHA is a precursor for the synthesis of many commercially valuable chemicals and various drugs. In this study, GlyDH from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpGlyDH) was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity for biochemical and molecular characterization. KpGlyDH exhibits an exclusive preference for NAD⁺ over NADP⁺. The enzymatic activity of KpGlyDH is maximal at pH 8.6 and pH 10.0. Of the three common polyol substrates, KpGlyDH showed the highest k_cat/K_m value for glycerol, which is three times higher than for racemic 2,3-butanediol and 32 times higher than for ethylene glycol. The k_cat value for glycerol oxidation is notably high at 87.1 ± 11.3 sec^-1. KpGlyDH was shown to exist in an equilibrium between two different oligomeric states, octamer and hexadecamer, by size-exclusion chromatography analysis. KpGlyDH is structurally thermostable, with a T_m of 83.4℃, in thermal denaturation experiment using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The biochemical and biophysical characteristics of KpGlyDH revealed in this study should provide the basis for future research on its glycerol metabolism and possible use in industrial applications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.212-218
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• 2010

Backgroud: The stem bark of Kalopanax pictus (KP) has been used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatoidal arthritis, neurotic pain and diabetes mellitus in China and Korea. In this study, the mechanism responsible for anti-inflammatory effects of KP was investigated. Methods: We examined the effects of KP on NO production, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and HO-1 expression, NF-${\kappa}B$, Nrf2 and MAPK activation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results: The aqueous extract of KP inhibited LPS-induced NO secretion as well as inducible iNOS expression, without affecting cell viability. KP suppressed LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation, phosphorylation and degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, KP induced HO-1 expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion: These results suggest that KP has the inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in macrophages through NF-${\kappa}B$ suppression and HO-1 induction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.336-338
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• 1993

The immunomodulating activity of Kp, an antitumor protein-polysacchanide preparation from the shake-cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus, was investigated in ICR mice subcutaneously implanted wit $1\times10^6$ cells of sarcoma 180. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with Kp at a does of 100 mg/kg once daily for five consecutive days starting from 24 hrs after the tumor implantation. Ten days after the last injection, the mice were immunized with $1\times10^7$ or $4\times10^8$ sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and five days later, the antibody-forming immune response were assessed by direct hemolytic plaque assay. To an immunization does of $1\times10^7$ SRBC, the Kp-treated mice elicied a successful humoral immune response despite the turmor-burden and produced $259\times10^3$ plaque-forming cells (PFC)/spleen, while the corresponding tumor-bearing control mice showed virtually no reponse $(2.0\times10^3$ PFC/spleen) (the stimulation index=129.5). However, to an immunization dose of $4\times10^8$ SRBC, both of the control mice and Kp-treated mice showed almost the same level of strong humoral immune response. From these data it is clear that Kp effectively restores the humoral immune response of the turmor-bearing ICR mice.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123.1-123.1
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• 2012

We have compared near-real time Kp forecast models based on neural network (NN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. We consider four models as follows: (1) a NN model using ACE solar wind data; (2) a SVM model using ACE solar wind data; (3) a NN model using ACE solar wind data and preliminary kp values from US ground-based magnetometers; (4) a SVM model using the same input data as model 3. For the comparison of these models, we estimate correlation coefficients and RMS errors between the observed Kp and the predicted Kp. As a result, we found that the model 3 is better than the other models. The values of correlation coefficients and RMS error of the model 3 are 0.93 and 0.48, respectively. For the forecast evaluation of models for geomagnetic storms ($Kp{\geq}6$), we present contingency tables and estimate statistical parameters such as probability of detection yes (PODy), false alarm ratio (FAR), bias, and critical success index (CSI). From a comparison of these statistical parameters, we found that the SVM models (model 2 and model 4) are better than the NN models (model 1 and model 3). The values of PODy and CSI of the model 4 are the highest among these models (PODy: 0.57 and CSI: 0.48). From these results, we suggest that the NN models are better than the SVM models for predicting Kp and the SVM models are better than the NN models for forecasting geomagnetic storms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2022

Recently, as the amount of data collected by drones has rapidly increased, it is necessary to support cloud computing technology that can securely and efficiently store and process data. However, various security threats such as stealing, leaking, or tampering with data communicated by drones can occur due to attackers. Therefore, there is a need for security technology to provide secure communication of data collected from drones. Among various security technologies, the KP-ABE scheme, which is attribute-based encryption, is a security technology that satisfies two characteristics: data encryption and user access control. This paper researched the KP-ABE scheme and proposed a secure data access control scheme to the drone environment. This proposed scheme provides confidentiality and integrity of data communicated in a drone environment and secure access control and availability. In addition, it provides a fast ciphertext search and constant size ciphertext among the requirements to be provided in the KP-ABE scheme.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1082-1089
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• 2007

Serological anlysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX) has led to identification of several categories of new antigens recognized by the immune system of cancer patients, which are referred to as the cancer immunome. We analyzed normal testis cDNA expression libraries with serumobtained from non-small lung cancer patient and isolated 40 distinct antigen designated KP-LuT-1 through KP-LuT-40. Among these antigens 20 antigens were previously identified by SEREX analysis of other tumor types, and 20 out of 40 antigens (50%) did not match entries in Cancer Immunome Database and were considered newly identified antigens. Sequencing analysis showed that the anti-gens comprised 26 functional known proteins and 14 noble/uncharacterized gene products. Of these, the hypothetical protein KP-LuT-6 was shown tissue-restricted. RT-PCR showed it to be expressed strongly only in normal testis. In addition to normal tissues-restricted expression, KP-LuT-6 mRNA was detected in lung tumor samples(3/l0), stomach tumor samples(3/l0), and breast tumor samples(l/5), whereas not detected in colon tumor samples(O/I2). These data suggest that KP-LuT-6 is a cancer/testis (CT)-like antigen as a potential target for cancer immunotherapies.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the characterization of lignins from waste liquors in SP, KP, ASAM, and AS from Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Betula ermanii. Spectroscopic study was applied to examine the lignins separated from different pulping process. Lignin contents in waste liqours increased in order of AS, ASAM, KP, and SP. UV spectra of three types of lignin except AS lignin showed similar pattern. IR spectra of AS lignin showed strong C=O absorptions in the range from 1730 to 1750$cm^{-1}$, where as those of KP, SP, and ASAM showed weak stretch in this region. NMR spectra of AS lignin showed strong characteristic chemical shifts of acetoxyl groups of acetylated aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups at 2.0~2.5 ppm. Molecular weight of ASAM lignin from Pinus densiflora determined and found number average molecular weight 1,199, weight average molecular weight 5,458. z average molecular weight 17,242, and viscosity average molecular weight 5,457. It is considered from the results based on spectroscopic study of lignin that waste liquors (in SP, KP, ASAM and AS) from Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Betula ermanii can be used for lignin utilization.