• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate dietary choline intake of Koreans according to gender, age and region by using the data on per capita food intake in 1998 and 2001 and the data on choline contents of foods customarily eaten by Koreans. Sixty-four and 97 kinds of food items were used for the estimation of choline intake in 1998 and 2001, respectively. And these corresponded to approximately $90\%$ of the total amount of food intake and energy intake. Based on these food items and choline content, per capita choline intake of Koreans was estimated to be 623.0 mg and 602.4 mg in 1998 and 2001 respectively , 687.2 mg and 659.1 mg in 1998 and 2001 for male, 560.2 mg and 551.0 mg in 1998 and 2001 for female. While the number of foods considered in estimation was higher in 2001 than 1998, choline intake was lower in 2001. The estimated per capita choline intake of male population was higher than that of female population by 108-127 mg, possibly due to the difference in total amount of food intake. The age group with the highest choline intake was different between 2 time points. Although adolescents of 13- 19 years showed the highest intake (712.0 mg) in 1998, mid-aged adults of 30-49 years showed the highest choline intake (662.2 mg) followed by adolescents (645.7 mg) in 2001. In regional comparison, choline intake of the rural population (588.7 mg and 588.3 mg in 1998 and 2001 respectively) was lower than that of population in small to medium-size cities (625.1 mg and 603.9 mg) or in metropolitan cities (637.7 mg and 602.8 mg). This result revealed that per capita choline intake of the Korean population falls within the adequate range with some differences by age, sex and residing area.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.555-564
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the assessment of salty taste and high-salt dietary behaviors of Korean university students and their Chinese counterparts. The researchers developed a taste assessment computer program focusing on preference for salty taste, and it was applied to 300 university students, including 100 Korean students, and 100 Chinese students in Daegu of South Korea, and 100 Chinese students in Shenyang of China (144 males and 156 females). The results of the taste assessment of Chinese and Korean university students are as follows. Among males, Koreans (36.0%), Chinese students in Korea (36.2%), and Chinese (40.4%) scored highest in the "a bit salty" followed by "normal." Among females, Koreans (36.0%), Chinese students in Korea (49.1%), and Chinese (28.3%) scored highest in the "normal". In terms of salt concentration in solution, among the male subjects, most Koreans favored the salt concentration of 0.31%, which is considered to be a "normal" concentration; most Chinese students in Korea favored 0.63%, which is considered to be "a bit salty", and most Chinese favored the concentration of 1.25%, which is considered to be "salty". As for the female subjects, Koreans, Chinese students studying abroad, and Chinese favored 0.31%, the "normal" level of concentration. Korean students scored higher than Chinese students in Korea and Chinese students both in males and females (p < 0.001, p < 0.01), in terms of high-salt dietary behaviors favored salty taste. This study suggests that Chinese university students need nutrition education in terms of modifying eating behaviors to reduce dietary salt intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.25
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• pp.389-413
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• 1993

This study was inspired by the growing importance of information as a resource for improving the quality of life, the lack of systematic research about the information environment of Koreans in the United States and the lack of understanding of the relationships between individual characteristics and information seeking behavior. During 1990 and 1991, 204 Koreans, 18 years old and more, residing in the City of Los Angeles, were interviewed. Generally the information seeking behavior of Koreans appeared to be similar to that of the socioeconomically advantaged segment of the general public. They are relatively well aware of their information needs. capable of articulating them, and willing to pursue information to meet their needs. Major findings include: (1) the dominance of educational information needs: (2) positive feelings of hope, curiosity. and interest associated with information needs: (3) the tendency to pursue information with the expectation of potential rather than immediate rewards: (4) the expertise of information sources and their ability to provide information directly relevant to a need as criteria for selecting an information source: (5) the generally heavy reliance on informal interpersonal information sources and the high ranking of professionals as the starting point for information seeking and in judgements of usefulness: and (6) the dominant use of Korean ethnic information sources. Statistically significant correlations found at the 0.05 level relate (1) level of education, age, and gender with type of information need, the feelings associated with an information need, motivations to seek information, and the use of information sources, (2) proficiency in English and length of residence in the United States with the extent to which ethnic information sources are used, and (3) pattern of daily use of media with the use of media in seeking information.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

More accurate evaluation of iodine consumption of Koreans can be made by measuring the urinary iodine excretion of people living in representative areas. The data about average iodine excretions by region, sex and age were gathered in order to suggest as a factor the criteria on the progress or prognosis of thyroid disease patients. This study was conducted on 3,000 subjects (2,000 Younggwang-gun residents and 1,000 Muan-gun residents) between July 2004 and August 2005. The data sampling was done based on stratified random sampling and the data were analyzed according to age (the subjects were divided into age groups, five years each) and sex of the subjects. Of the 3,000 subjects, a total of 1,592 people (1,174 in Younggwang-gun and 418 in Muan-gun) participated in this study, which used ISE (iodine ion selective electrode) to measure the concentration of iodine in urine. The 1,592 subjects are composed of 732 males and 860 females. The average urinary iodine excretion was $3.10{\pm}1.75mg/L$ (0.31~15.2 mg/L). The average iodine excretion of males was $3.09{\pm}1.61mg/L$ (0.42~15.2 mg/L) while it was $3.11{\pm}1.86mg/L$ (0.31~12.5 mg/L) among females, which represents no significant difference between males and females. However, the values were significantly higher than those of Europeans and Americans. There were statistically significant differences among the regions. When the data were analyzed according to age, females in their 40s were found to have a little less urinary iodine excretion and males had less and less iodine excretion as they get older. These results are deemed to have a statistically significant difference. This study was conducted on a large number of people (N=1,592) for the first time in Korea. If the data collected through this study can be regarded as the average urinary iodine excretion of Koreans, it is possible to conclude that the average iodine consumptions of Koreans are a lot more than Europeans and Americans. Thus, the effect of much iodine consumption should be studied further.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2013

There is little information on dietary vitamin K intake and nutritional status of daily requirements of vitamin K in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the vitamin K intake and major food sources of Vitamin K in Koreans. The survey data from the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 7,792 subjects (aged 19-64 years) were examined. Total vitamin K intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall using a vitamin K food database, Computer Aided Nutritional analysis Program and the United States Department of Agriculture database. The geometric mean of vitamin K was estimated as $322.40{\pm}6.33ug/day$ for men and $271.20{\pm}4.92ug/day$ for women. Daily vitamin K intake increased significantly with age (p for trend < 0.001). The main food source of vitamin K was vegetables (72.84%), including cabbage kimchi (19.26%), spinach (17.38%), sesame leaves (7.11%), radish leaves (6.65%), spring onions (6.28%), and laver (4.82%), followed by seaweed, seasonings, and fat and oils. We observed that the vitamin K intake of Koreans was relatively higher than that reported by other studies in Western countries and differed depending on age.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of generation on the traditional food culture of Uzbekistan-Koreans. The generation of Uzbekistan-Koreans was divided into two groups i.e., the second and third generation. The second generation suffered from the compulsory emigration during 1930s because of the minority racial breakup policy by the Soviet Russia. The third generation was born after the compulsory emigration and the economic condition was much better for them. In terms of identifying traditional food culture, generation was an important factor because each generation had different social environments and different life styles. Data were collected from 634 Koreans living in Uzbekistan and analyzed by chi-square and correlation analysis. The results of this study revealed that the impact of generation was an important factor regarding the traditional food culture. Chi-square analysis showed that factors related to making a menu, food priority, and consideration of the person preparing the food were likely to vary depending on the generation. Also, reasons for preferring traditional food and preparing foods for family events as well as national holidays were different between the second and the third generation. The second generation preferred traditional food because of flavor, while the third generation preferred traditional food because of nutrition. For family events and national holidays such as New Year's Day, the second generation was more likely to prepare traditional foods than the third generation. The correlation analysis indicated that the relationship between preference and intake frequency of traditional foods was positively related, and the degree of correlation was higher for the second than the third generation. Similarities and differences between generations were discussed, and implications for food and nutrition specialists and food marketers were provided.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-273
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental arch morphology and the occlusal characteristics in the Koreans from the dental-anthropological point of view. The sample consisted of dental stone casts obtained from 120 Korean adults and 142 Japanese adults. Japanese casts and Caucasian data had been preserved at the Dept, of Orthodontics of Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Tooth size and dental arch morphology of the Koreans were compared with that of the Japanese. On the other hand, the variations of 30 crown traits, categorized and quantitatively graded, were compared between two peoples and the frequency distribution of each crown traits were analyzed by means of Chi-square test. The results were summerized as followings ; 1. There was a significant sexual difference in dental arch length and width in the Korean, in which male had a longer and wider dental arch than female. There was a close resemblance for dental arch morphology between the Koreans and the Japanese, except for a little longer mandibular arch of the Japanese. 2. In general, Korean male had wider crown than female, particulary in central incisor,canine,1st molar of maxilla and canine, 1st and 2nd molar of mandible with significance. The Korean had wider maxillary first molar, smaller mandibular first and second molar than the Japanese in both sex. 3. In crown traits of the Korean, shovel-shaped incisor showed lower frequency distribution than in the Japanese, but higher than in the Caucasians. Frequency of incisor reduction was shown higher distribution than in the Japanese and the Caucasians. Carabelli's tubercle showed higher frequency distribution than in Japanese, but remarkably lower than in Caucasians.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

Most of the Korean diaspora who lived in Yunhaeju moved to Central Asia in 1937 following the policy of deportation of Russia. Uzbekistan is the representative place for Korean diaspora to have settled down in Central Asia at that time and mort Korean diaspora in Central Asia are living in Uzbekistan now. Korean diaspora have maintained a traditional way of living for 140 years without a deep relationship with Korea. This study examined the dwellings of the Korean diaspora of Uzbekistan in Central Asia by visiting their houses and conducting interviews. Results of the research were as following: 1) The houses of the Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan in early times consisted of 2-3 bedrooms with Gudle. Gudle is the most traditional element of the Korean diaspora's house and it has been used as a place for gathering family members. 2) Korean diaspora's houses in Uzbekistan were built according to Russian and Uzbek style but most of the Korean diaspora's have a mixed style with traditional Korean elements of living.3) The changing process of planning and building codes of apartments in Uzbekistan is similar to that in other CIS nations and all of Russia. 4) Korean's food style is a mixture of Korean, Russian and Central Asian foods. Kimchi and Jang (bean paste) are essential for most Koreans and most Koreans are making these at home. 5) Most Koreans have maintained a good relationship with the Uzbek people and Koreans are very active in gelling along well with all. This enables them to exchange their culture eventually in various parts. This study could be the first step to supply basic information for the study of the Korean diaspora in Uzbekistan. Deeper research over a wider range is needed in Russia.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.69-74
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• 2015

Korea has established diplomatic relations with 190 countries in the world. It opened its diplomatic offices in 113 countries. Korea raised its status in international society through multinational force peace activities, national defense cooperation activity and UN peace maintenance activity for the maintenance of world peace. But there have been vio lent crimes by terrorist organizations and armed groups that try to achieve their political, religious and ideological go als greatly damaging Koreans working in overseas countries. This research studied the tendency of international terr orism against Koreans. The suggestion and conclusion are as follows. First, the study shows that armed groups and extremists have threatened and attacked Koreans in overseas countries. But there aren't enough personnel who can i mmediately and correctly analyze and respond the threats and attacks. So it is urgent to raise experts continually an d develop manuals to respond the attacks. Next, the damaging targets in overseas countries have been changed from hard targets to soft targets. There could be a limit in the restriction of basic rights of people by governmental agenc ies. So it is necessary for people to show mature civic awareness not going to a tourism-prohibited area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.497-504
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• 2017

This research aims to examine the difference of perceived experiences and sub-cultural identity between the overseas Korean' generations through the participation in the Korean National Sports Festival(NSF). Data were 360 overseas Koreans from 14 countries who participated in the 2015 NSF. The results were as follows; First, there was a difference in perceived experiences between overseas Korean' generations. More specifically, 1st generation among overseas Koreans has more positive participation experiences and less negative participation experiences than other generations. Second, there was a difference in sub-cultural identity between overseas Korean' generations. Particularly, 1.5 generation has much closer Korean identity than other generations.