• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.57-75
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• 2020

This study identifies the symbolism of cross symptoms of different classes during the modernization process based on the imagery of and , both of which are Korean films made in the same era of the 1960s. The study referred to a number of Korean family movie films in the 1960s, in particular and , which are notably different in ways of expression and in social class of the subject matter, and identifies how the films express the mixed aspects of the cross modernization period. The film uses a grotesque expressionist method to voyeuristically look into a newly emerging middle class family, and the deconstructive aspect of a family unit whose excessive desire leads to its own ruin; thus, the film presents a new perspective into the various social issues that emerge in the near future. In contrast, engages realistic depictions to describe in detail the deep conflict of pain and hope within the hardships of life from the urban poor through a deep family conflict. Ultimately, the two films expose the various social issues through the familiar and the unfamiliar that appear from the mixed aspects of the cross modernization period, in other words, the conflicting images of the traditional and the modern.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

Interior design generally falls behind to architecture in its concept of conservational value as interior designs are more to the simple style or trend. Therefore, This study aims how the society and the major events in the 1960's and individual and group desires are portrayed in movies through the eyes of movie directors, and further how the concept of spaces and the features of the spaces are displayed. First, This paper analyzes the movies in the 1960's, especially the expressionism and psychological zeitgeist in "The Housemaid" directed by Kim Ki-Young that can be logically analyzed, following the signs in the movie. Secondly, It analyzes the images captured the scenes that best describe the underlying theme of the movie, revealing the features of the different spaces for different scenes. Moreover, It analyzes the correlation of the change in value, desire, and space of the time in the 1960's to see the feature of the spaces in the 1960 are represented in the movie. In conclusion, the realistic expressionism movie of Kim Ki-young's 'Housemaid' showing the everyday life of a family against the background of industrial capitalism reveals the intimate desire of the time with the director's perspective on the history. With Mise-en-Sc$\grave{e}$ne, we can understand the space structure of the time, the view on space structure and further the effect of modernization project on urban residential area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1972

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious health problems in Korea, because we have been encountered with the highest incidence of CO poisoning in the world due to the unique heating system in home called 'ondal'. We opened Hyperbaric chamber unit in the Seoul National University Hospital last Jan, 1969. We have treated 848 patients as of Sept. 30., 1972, around 44 months period. We collected the informations on the environmental conditions of the place where CO intoxication actually occured by filling up the questionaire from 505 patients. The following findings were obtained. 1. Age distribution showed that the highest incidence was found in the younger age group between age of 10 to age of 29 in both sex. 2. Sex ratio of the patients was 1:1.14. 3. The socio-economic level of the patient was relatively low. 4. Housewife & housemaid were the major victims of the intoxication in the female patients & in the case of the male patient, occupational backgrounds were diverse. 5. Many patients from the middle class experienced the intoxication by sleeping at newly built room. 6. Many intoxication has been occured in the structure of houses where communicating doors are existing between living room & kitchen. 7. All findings obtained taught us again that CO poisoning is the serious by-product of the national fuel policy which put emphasis on the use of coal & socio-economic status is a very important parameter in this hazards.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 2015

This paper suggests how Korean housemaids, called Sikmo, and Korean-Chinese migrant domestic workers have similar class positions and therefore form a dual identity in their interactions with female employers. rough spoken stories of the experiences of 27 females from Seoul, including Korean-Chinese domestic workers, Korean housemaids, and their employers, this research effectively overcomes the dichotomous discourse of natives versus foreigners. Instead it suggests the new interpretation that it is not foreignness but class inferiority of the domestic workers that plays a key role in establishing relationships with employers. Korean housemaids and Korean-Chinese domestic workers, both groups of whom are migrant workers, have developed coping strategies to enhance their labor value by spatially relocating themselves from their home society to a new society. They possess a similar labor status in women's history, being of low income, low education, and rural births. Consequently, these women experience 'translocal anchoring,' meaning their identities are intertwined with that of their home societies, and employers perceive them based on the characteristics of these places. The Korean employers perceive that the domestic workers' morality and intellectuality are inferior based on their class differences. This stigmatizing process leads employers to regard domestic workers as ambivalent people, not only threatening outsiders but also objects of pity, needing love and protection of their employers. The employers educate them culturally, teaching them skills to survive in the urban environment. These skills include cooking and language, in addition to advice on long-term plans to blend into society.