• 암석학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.196-219
• /
• 1994

Granulite complexes in northern (the Nangnim block), eastern (ther Kimchaek zone of the Macheonryong belt) and southern (separate windows among upper Proterozoic structure such as the Wonsan, Nampo and Haeju granulites) parts of the Northern Korea are studied. Multistage deformations, metamorphic and migmatitic events, and granite formations are recognized in these granulite complexes. Mineral thermobarometry and fluid inclusion investigationss are used to establish the P-T evolutionary trends during prograde and retrograde metamorphic events. The peak metamorphism of granulites is characterized by temperature near $800^{\circ}C$ and pressure near 5.5-6 kb. Retrograde evolution includes cooling at constant pressure or with variable pressure ranging up to 7-8 kb. This P-T change corresponds to the transition from high to moderate or low geothermal gradient. The subsequent cooling is ac-companied by significant decompression to 3-4 kb.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2011

Korea's aerospace industry tries to achieve the exports goal in 2020, 10 billion dollars, in accordance with the "Future aviation industry development master plan", but it's skill is still not keeping pace. To secure and improve the appropriate technology, it is desperately needed to cooperate with advanced countries or companies of aerospace industry, but they are liked to manage their technology transfer or demand tremendous high price. This study presents that Russia could be a another nation which is able to cooperation on aerospace industry. Although Russia had have superior technology in aerospace industry, they have lost the competitiveness on that field after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Now, they are trying to regain their original fame in the commercialized way. So, this study suggests practical ways which South Korea and Russia may be helpful each other based on experiences working together.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2022

Due to the uncertainty in the order of the integrated model, the SARIMA-LSTM model, SARIMA-SVR model, LSTM-SARIMA model, and SVR-SARIMA model are constructed respectively to determine the best-combined model for forecasting the China-Russia trade turnover. Meanwhile, the effect of the order of the combined models on the prediction results is analyzed. Using indicators such as MAPE and RMSE, we compare and evaluate the predictive effects of different models. The results show that the SARIMA-LSTM model combines the SARIMA model's short-term forecasting advantage with the LSTM model's long-term forecasting advantage, which has the highest forecast accuracy of all models and can accurately predict the trend of China-Russia trade turnover in the post-epidemic period. Furthermore, the SARIMA - LSTM model has a higher forecast accuracy than the LSTM-ARIMA model. Nevertheless, the SARIMA-SVR model's forecast accuracy is lower than the SVR-SARIMA model's. As a result, the combined models' order has no bearing on the predicting outcomes for the China-Russia trade turnover time series.

• 분석과 대안
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.85-114
• /
• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 구조적 현실주의 입장에서 2015년 EAEU 출범 이후 러시아·중앙아시아관계를 분석하고 미래를 전망하는데 있다. 1991년 냉전붕괴 이후 중앙아에서 형성된 국제질서는 미국 일극체제였던 글로벌 차원과는 달리 러시아 우위의 미·중·러 3개국에 의한 다극체제 성격이 강했다. 이러한 구조 속에서 러시아, 중앙아 양자관계는 밀접한 협력요소와 갈등 요소를 동시에 가지고 있다. 특히 권위주의 동맹성격을 가진 러시아, 중앙아는 정권유지를 위해 서로 협력할 수밖에 없는 공생관계이기도 하다. 러시아는 이를 바탕으로 중앙아를 재통합하기 위해 노력해왔다. 중앙아 역시 생존을 위해 러시아와 협력하면서도 다른 한편으론 예속되지 않기 위해 다양한 국가들과 협력을 확대해왔다. 그러나 중국의 부상과 러시아의 상대적 약화, 우크라이나 전쟁 이후 대러시아 경계심이 고조되면서 양자관계의 간극이 확대되고 있는 측면이 있다. 중국의 영향력이 커질수록 러시아의 초조감도 커지면서 EAEU창설의 배경이 되었다. 우크라이나 전쟁 중에도 푸틴이 중앙아 5개국을 방문하여 활발한 정상회담을 했던 것도 중국견제 심리가 작용했다. 향후 러·중의 경쟁이 표면화 된다면 중앙아 국제질서는 불안정해질 가능성이 크다. 그러나 전통적인 러시아 우위의 중앙아 국제질서가 근본적으로 변화할 가능성은 낮다. 무엇보다 러시아와 중앙아시아의 안보, 역사, 문화적 연계성은 중국이 대신하기 힘든 부분이다. 따라서 러시아의 영향력은 과거에 비해 약화되겠지만 우월적 지위는 지속될 전망이다. 만약 러시아가 호전성에서 벗어나 매력적인 협력파트너로 변신할 경우 양자관계는 다시 상승세를 탈 가능성도 있다. 그러나 푸틴정권에서 이러한 변화와 혁신이 일어날 가능성은 많지 않아 보인다. 중앙아를 재통합하려는 푸틴의 목표에 가장 큰 걸림돌은 푸틴 자신이다.

• 분석과 대안
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.44-64
• /
• 2017

Russia's push in the Asia-Pacific region stems from its interests that have the national, regional and global dimensions. In their turn, the aims of this policy are civilizational, geopolitical, economic and prospective, with a long-term outlook. In the course of their achievement, cooperation with Northeast Asia's countries will play one of the key roles owing to the factors of geographic proximity, Northeast Asia's economic potential, risk hedging and a growing influence Northeast Asia exerts upon the global development. A new cooperation paradigm between Russia and the states of Northeast Asia should be based upon establishing and cementing self-reproducing ties. This is the central aim of Russian initiatives in relations, with Japan, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and China. However, numerous obstacles ranging from Russia's absence in the regional free trade agreements and supply-production chains of value-added production to the permanent international instability generated by Pyongyang's missile-nuclear developments hamper the practical implementation of this task. Realizing the necessity to give an additional impetus to this new cooperative paradigm, Russia has to develop directions with an apparent consolidating effect. The most promising may be the establishment of a permanent security forum based upon Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism chaired by the Russian Federation. The urgency of this measure and its expected support stem from the necessity to strengthen security in Northeast Asia, a task neither the US-led hub-and-spoke system nor ASE-AN-led multilateral dialogue venues have been able to resolve. The issues addressed at the security forum must include the unification of approaches to North Korean nuclear issue and producing a document specifying actions of the claimants on the disputed maritime territories in the "direct contact" situations. At the expert level, Russia has elaborated on the idea to establish such a forum outlining the spectrum of the key directions of cooperation. With the urgency in the establishment of this dialogue venue, its agenda has to be coordinated with the agendas of the existing security systems presented by the US alliances and the ASE-AN-led multilateral negotiations. The practical implementation of this initiative will strengthen security in Northeast Asia as its challenges will be resolved in the pre-emptive way based on coordinated approaches. Therefore, Russia as the Eurasian state will be one of the role players in the advent of the Asian century.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제67권
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2015

Russia has a huge amount of energy resources. It is an attractive factor to countries which spend loads of energy. Republic of Korea is also one of large energy consumption countries. Therefore, It will be needed to raise energy cooperation with Russia. It's companies will increase trade focusing on the energy industry in the long term. Recently, However, Foreign companies should be careful when they enter the rapidly changing Russia market. In other words, companies will need a strategic approach to prepare the early case assessment and how to solve a possible dispute as they analyze cost and profit in business. This study is analyzing several dispute cases related in Russia. It presents some strategies for Korean companies such as dispute resolution method, arbitration institution selection method and so on. In addition, it proposes the introduction of the early case assessment for reducing a waste of time and cost. Furthermore, according as the importance of OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises is highlighted in international community, companies should prepare practical division to establish a system of responsible business conduct. Finally, they will have to get an advice and counseling from the Russia legal experts in the early stages of the contract.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제51권
• /
• pp.10.1-10.9
• /
• 2021

We investigate the sensitivity of symmetry quantification algorithms based on the profile R-factor (R_p) and the normalized cross-correlation (NCC) coefficient (γ). A DM (Digital Micrograph^©) script embedded in the Gatan digital microscopy software is used to develop the symmetry quantification program. Using the Bloch method, a variety of CBED patterns are simulated and used to investigate the sensitivity of symmetry quantification algorithms. The quantification results show that two symmetry quantification coefficients are significantly sensitive to structural changes even for small strain values of < 1%.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.165-191
• /
• 2023

미국과 EU는 우크라이나 사태에 대응하여 러시아의 에너지 부문을 대상으로 제재하고 있다. 특히 대러 경제제재는 러시아의 석유가스 부문에 대한 에너지 제재의 성격을 가지고 있다. 미국과 EU는 모두 제재 부과국이지만, 미국은 천연가스 순수출국인 반면, 대부분의 EU 회원국들은 러시아에 대한 의존도가 높다는 근본적인 차이점이 존재한다. 따라서 미국과 EU의 대러 에너지 제재는 미국을 포함한 기타 석유가스 수출국들이 EU 에너지 시장에서 러시아를 대체할 공급을 확보할 수 있는 경우에 그 효과성이 보장될 수 있다. 즉, 주요 석유가스 수출국들의 러시아 대체 가능성은 대러 에너지 제재의 효과성을 좌우하는 중요한 결정 요인이다. 본 연구는 석유가스 수출국들의 러시아 대체 가능성 평가를 통해 대러 에너지 제재의 효과성을 살펴본다. 본 연구의 분석 결과, 대부분의 석유가스 수출국들의 추가 생산 역량과 인프라 부족 문제로 인해 단기에 러시아를 대체하는 석유가스의 확보는 어려울 것으로 평가되며, 이에따라 미국과 EU의 대러 에너지 제재는 그 효과성이 불분명한 것으로 판단된다. 우크라이나 사태의 해결을 위해서는 직접적인 제재보다 외교 등 다른 수단이 활용되어야 할 것이다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2020

Russia has an interesting history as a donor, recipient and re-emerging donor in international development assistance (IDA). This article introduces the history, policy and challenges of Russian IDA, and provides suggestions for such challenges. The main barrier to Russian IDA is the absence of a central government agency and Russia can learn from other country's experience. Concerning lack of data on the provision of assistance to each sector of IDA and the large number of recipient countries, Russia can learn from Korea particularly in education sector. With respect to building a system ensuring the efficiency of the Russian IDA works, a tool for analysis of the effect of the Russian IDA programmes may be drawn in consultation with international institutions or successful programmes of other donor countries.

• 해양안보
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.31-59
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 왜 러시아가 카스피해 협약에서 카스피해 횡단 노선을 허용하는 방향으로 입장을 전환하였는지를 밝히는 데 있다. 러시아의 유라시아 통합에 대한 입장 변화를 설명하는 이론은 변화의 원인으로 서방으로부터의 고립과 아시아-태평양의 정치·경제적 중요성 상승을 제시하지만, 서방의 영향력을 허용할 수 있는 입장 변화의 원인은 설명하지 못한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 러시아의 카스피해 입장 변화의 원인으로 유라시아 개발에 따른 유라시아 영향력 확대에 대한 인식의 변화를 제시한다.