• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1982

The effects of climatic factors on organisms lire variable and complex, and it, however, can be interpreted in terms of those on the distribution and those on the population densities. The distribution of an organism may largely be determined by the temperatures, except some temporal organisms which are depended on the air mass movements. Population density of an organism is determined by various climatic factors, such as previous winter temperature, temperature of growing season and rainfall. The start of growing season of the rice plants has been shifted to earlier since last decade in Korea. This may mean that the overall climatic condition during the growing season might be considerably different from those in past years, and such a difference in climatic conditions might have close relation with the recent status of the diseases and insect pests through direct effects on the physiology and population dynamics of the organisms, as well as through on the biotic associations of the pest organisms. The white back planthopper and brown planthopper have become the key insect pests in Korea in recent years. They are migratory and have high reproductive pontentials and more generations than average residential insects. The synchronization of the migrants and physiological condition of the rice plants seems to be the important factors in relation to the recent outbreaks of these insects; the high reproductive rate can be obtained with the growth stage of rice being 30-50 days after transplanting. The modication of the microclimate associated with high plant density and some other introduced new cultural techniques also have some relation with the outbreak. The key diseases of the rice are the blast disease, sheath blight and the bacterial leaf blight. For the rice blast, the seedling blast and leaf blast during the early growing season and the neck blast, have become more serious, the former may be related to hotbed nursery and the later may be related to the high humidity in early August, and synchronization of the heading time which has been shifted to early part from middle or late part of August. In general, for the rice diseases, the development of the new races have been the most serious which are largely resulted from the introduction of the new varieties, but it also seems to be related with the prolonged periods of the favorable condition associated with the shifted growing seasons. In general, the diseases and insect pest problems have become much more variable and complex, and control measures should be based on the thorough knowledge of the ecology of the pest organisms, that is, effects of various environmental factors on the disease cycle; spore release, spore deposition, infection, colonization and sporulation of the disease organisms, and those on the development, reproductive potentials, dispersal, age specific responses of the insects. The well organized real-time pest management systems, such as alfalfa weevil management system developed at the Purdue University in U.S., is the prime importance for the implementation of the pest management principles.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.516-539
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to identify the difference in attitude toward medical care between patients who visited a university hospital or an oriental medical hospital of oriental medical college, and physicians who engaged in the same hospitals. The subjects of this study were 397 cases who agreed to respond the prepared questionnaire, including 288 patients(146 university hospital utilizers and 142 utilzers for an oriental medical hospital) and 109 physicians(76 physicians and 33 oriental medical doctors). The attitude toward medical care was measured by the structured questionnaire developed for this study, which had high validity and reliability according to factor analysis, item discriminant validity, and Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficients. On the criteria of mean value of care and cure score, the attitude toward medical care was classified into 4 groups encompassing a group with dependent attitude on medical care, a group with skeptical attitude toward it, a group with cure-oriented attitude, and a group with care-preferred attitude. The results of chi-square test, discriminant analysis, and logistic regression analysis were as follows; patients who visited a univisity hospital, patients who visited an oriental hospital, physicians, and oriental medical doctors included in the group with dependent attitude, the group with cure-oriented attitude, the group with skeptical attitude, and the group with care-preferred attitude, retrospectively. Among the subdomains of care and cure domains, which classified in reference to the result of factor analysis on pilot study, those that patients ranked more importantly than physicians were 'the importance of medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment', 'authority of physician, 'aggressiveness of treatment', 'information giving', 'personal interest' in the case of western medicine. In the case of oriental medicine, those were 'the importance of equipment for diagnosis and treatment', 'aggressiveness of treatment', 'amenities and accessibility', 'coordination of medical staff'. Both physicans and patients put the subdomain, 'physicians' medical knowledge and skillfulness' on the highest rank. The differences in ranking the important attributes of medical care between patients and physicians were apparent in the area of an 'importance of medical equipment for diagnosis and treatment' and so on. It meant that patient had over-expectation on medical care and suggested that the policy on demanad side such as the developement and dissemination of an evidence-based recommendation protocol for health care consumers might be important in Korea. In addition, regarding the attitude of physicians, during the medical education and training it may be neccessary to emphasize the aspect of 'care' of medical care rather than 'cure'. In planning on heath care delivery system, it should be considered that there is a difference in the attitude toward medical care between western medicine and oriental medicine as well as between health care providers and consumers. We expect that more valid measurement tool be developed in this area, which may be major limitation of this study and that this kind of research be expanded into the non-academic settings.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권2호통권20호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

Neo-Confucianism(性理學) which provided an ideological base to found Chosun Dynasty which substituted for Koryu Dynasty, presented In-Cheong(仁政) as ideal statecraft. In-Cheong(仁政) is realizing spirit of In(仁) which means a forever creating power(生生之心), for that reason it was a natural result that the ruling class of Chosun Dynasty had interest in medical science. Therefore they remarked 'In-Cheong(仁政) has achieved' when medical books were published, also remarked Hwal-In-Seo(活人署） as an institute of realizing Wang-Cheong(王政) while Hwal-In-Seo(活人署) was placed in very low civil service grade, although the ruling class classified medical science as a Chap-Hak(雜學) which means not essential but necessary knowledge, and ranked it much lower than Confucianism. While had improved medical service system of Korea Dynasty, Chosun Dynasty had special interest in local medicine: expanding provincal medical centers, educating a medical student(醫生) in a medical school who was core human power in local medicine, etc. Nevertheless the local medicine was still depressed. The reasons are ; not providing enough medical center, not much fund to run each center and mobilizing a medical student(醫生) for miscellaneous labor. Depressed local medicine had changed when 士族 came to have an interest in medical science. 士族 had read a lots of medical books from the early Chosun Dynasty. 16th century they even wrote some books on medicine by themselves based on their experience as a provincial governor.　On the other hand Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) who wrote Muk-Jae Diary belongs to the latter. He did not use the art of acupucture. He was a civil official in Seoul, so he could get a lots of books and enough medical stuffs. After a while. he was exiled in Seong-Ju(星州) and took part in local medicine there. The local medicine was depressed in Seong-Ju(星州) at that time. Yi-Mun-Geon(李文楗) was a kind of medical consultant as well as a local doctor. Such medical doings by Sa-Jok(士族) may be a moment that provide power to local Sa-Jok(士族). Sa-Jok(士族) themselves were enthusiastic in treating their sick slaves because the slaves were financial foundation of Sa-Jok(士族). After 17th century, however, the relative importance which Sa-Jok(士族) in the country had held in 16th century had decreased gradually while professional doctors bad increased.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

한국가스공사는 1983년 가스의 안정적인 공급을 위해 특별법에 의거 설립되었으며 30개 지역의 가스소매를 담당하는 도시가스회사에 천연가스 도매공급을 전담하고 있다. 가스공사가 수입하는 가스의 측정방식은 LNG 하역 전후의 수송선 액위를 측정함으로써 계량한다. 이때 가스성분분석은 수입가스의 가격이 열량에 의해 산정되기 때문에 필수적이다. 또한 터빈미터는 도시가스사로 공급하는 가스의 계량에 널리 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 발전용으로 공급되는 가스의 계량설비와는 달리 도시가스사로 공급되는 가스를 계량하는 설비에는 가스요금이 열량에 의해서가 아니라 부피에 의해서 부과되기 때문에 가스성분을 측정하는 분석기가 없다. 따라서 도시가스사가 가스공사로부터 구입하는 가스양과 소비자에게 판매하는 가스양이 일치하지 않는 문제점이 발생한다. 그 이유는 소매용 가스미터에 내재하는 오차와 운용상의 문제로 인해 도매용 계량설비와 소매용 가스미터의 수치에는 차이가 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 도시가스사와 일반 소비자 간의 실제 가스양에 대한 논쟁에 관해 조사하였으며 가스 계량오차에 관한 문제점을 해소하기 위한 바람직한 기술적, 경제적 정책방향을 제안하는데 중점을 두었다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2002

반복정체와 함께 돌발상황은 고속도로 교통혼잡의 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 발생된 돌발상황에 대해 즉각 정보를 제공하고 신속히 교통류를 관리하는 정도는 그 교통류관리시스템의 수준을 의미하는 것으로, 돌발상황에 의해 차로가 차단될 시간을 속히 예측하는 것은 돌발상황관리에서 매우 기본적인 사항이라 하지 않을 수 없다. 돌발상황에 따라 교통류관리대책을 수립·실시하고 교통정보를 제공하자면 돌발상황으로 인한 교통영향(지체와 대기행렬 길이)을 먼저 산정해 보아야 하며 그러기 위해서는 지속시간의 예측이 반드시 필요하다. 통상 돌발 상황의 지속시간은 그 유형 및 심각도에 따라 다양해지며 교통, 도로, 환경 등과 같은 복합적인 조건에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 돌발상황 지속시간 예측모형에 사용되는 독립변수는 돌발상황 확인시점에서 수집 가능한 변수이어야 하며 모형의 현장적용을 위해서는 해당도로의 교통관제시스템의 수준과 함께 정보원(CCTV, 순찰반 등)의 특성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구는 고속도로 돌발상황 지속시간 예측모형 개발을 목표로 하며, 한국도로공사 수원지사의 교통사고발생 속보 21개월 분의 자료를 정리하여 본선에서 발생한 각종 돌발상황 168건을 사용자료로 추려냈다. 이를 DB화하여 통계분석을 수행하였으며 고속도로에서의 돌발상황 지속시간 예측을 위한 다중선형회귀모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 모델링에 사용되지 않은 자료를 이용해 개발모형의 정확성 평가를 수행하였다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 '계절별 낮과 밤의 길이'에 대한 초등 예비교사들의 인식을 규명하기 위하여 수도권 소재 교육대학교 4학년 재학생 30명이 글과 그림으로 설명한 내용을 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비교사들이 글 설명에서 가장 많이 사용한 용어는 남중고도, 자전축, 공전 순으로 나타났으며, 글 설명보다 그림 설명에서 오개념이 많이 드러났다. 둘째, 글과 그림 설명을 종합하여 예비교사들의 인식을 분석함으로써 공전과 관련하여 자전축이 기울어져서 지구와 태양 사이의 거리가 가까워진다거나, 지구의 공전 궤도 반지름 변화에 의해 계절 변화가 생긴다는 등 과학적 오류를 포함하는 설명 유형을 확인하였다. 또한 지구의 자전과 관련하여 계절별 남중고도는 변화하나 태양이 뜨고 지는 위치는 변화하지 않는다는 등의 설명 유형도 나타났으며, 지구의 공전과 자전 모두와 관련하여 과학적 오류를 포함하는 사례도 일부 나타났다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 과학 지식을 활용하여 특정 현상의 설명 체계를 구성해 보는 경험의 부족, 자연 현상에 대한 관찰 및 관측 경험의 부족, 인지적 갈등을 유발하는 다른 설명 체계에의 노출 부족 등의 문제를 논의하였다. 이상의 논의를 토대로 초등 교사 양성 프로그램의 과학 영역에서 예비교사들의 이해를 제고할 수 있는데 구체적이고 실질적인 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

시대변화에 따라 제품에 대한 소비자의 구매 결정기준과 제품 공급방법은 끊임없는 변화가 거듭되었다. 디지털기술을 응용한 on-line 시스템이 상품에 대한 정보를 전달하고 생산과 구매가 동시적으로 일어나는 시장체제가 형성하게 되었다. 그 결과 소비자 중심의 브랜드 구축이 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 따라서 실증조사를 통하여 경제 사회 환경 변화에 따른 소비자의 의식구조를 파악하고, 이 변화에 따른 소비자의 구매결정 기준을 이해하고자 한다. 소비자의 구매태도를 만족, 선호, 재구입, 추천으로 기준을 설정하고, 이들 4개의 기준에 미칠 수 있는 브랜드 이미지의 요인들의 영향을 파악하였다. 브랜드 이미지의 효율적 형성을 위하여서 생성되는 소비자(고객) 중심의 브랜드 가치는 실증분석을 통하여 얻어진 결과를 보면 사회생활가치, 정서가치, 개성적가치 수용하여 브랜드이미지에 적용하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과에서 도출된 브랜드 이미지의 공통적 요인으로는 차별성가 고객 중심의 일관성 및 개성적, 감성적 요인들을 부각 시를 수 있는 행태로 브랜드 이미지화를 도모할 필요가 있다는 결과가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 미래 지향적이고, 소비자에게 인지 연상되는 기능을 보다 효과적으로 증대시킬 수 있도록 고객 중심의 브랜드 창출을 위한 가이드라인을 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS: Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

Purpose - Despite that the importance of small enterprises' performance in the community has been magnified, no study has been conducted yet on the performance based on consumers directly faced by small enterprises. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the life styles of consumers who use small enterprises' stores by type and the word of mouth(WOM) effects, which are concrete behaviors of consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - The VALS classification system was utilized to classify the types of life styles of consumers who use small enterprises' stores. The consumers were divided into a total of four types. This study was intended to investigate the effects of the types of consumers on the word of mouth(WOM) effects of consumers who use small enterprises' stores along with the effects of consumers' perception of economic situations on their word of mouth(WOM) effects after using small enterprises' stores. Results - The results of the study indicated that among the types of consumers who use small enterprises' stores, the group that pursues faith and the group that pursues knowledge had positive (+) effects on favorable word of mouth(WOM) effects. However, the group that pursues trends and the group that pursues action were shown to have no effect and positive or negative perceptions of economic situations were shown to have no effects of the word of mouth(WOM) effects of users of small enterprises' stores. Conclusions - In this study, as a measure to create small enterprises' performance, word of mouth(WOM) effects on small enterprises' stores according to consumers' consumption behaviors were examined focusing on consumers. Through the study results, the groups of consumers who use small enterprises' stores by type that provide favorable word of mouth(WOM) effects were derived. And This Study aims to investigate the relationship between the four type life styles of consumer who use small enterprises' stores and the word of mouth(WOM) effect. Accordingly This study is significant in that it derived a measure to create small enterprises' performance centering on consumers and that it presented a cornerstone for the establishment of small enterprises at the government level.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.61-91
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• 2013

사서직 분야의 인적자원개발이 실효성 있게 이루어지기 위해서는 도서관 및 관련 산업분야를 중심으로 한 인적자원 현황 파악을 토대로 향후 예상되는 인적자원의 양성 및 활용과 관련된 인력수급 전략과 법적 뒷받침이 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인력 고도화를 위한 기초 취업 현황, 취업 환경 및 관련 이슈의 종합적 분석 등 정책수립을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 사회적 환경과 관련 제도 및 법을 포함하는 정책적 환경, 인적자원 양성 측면에서 현황을 분석할 뿐만 아니라 도서관 현장의 사서직 수요조사를 통하여 현장의 요구사항을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 사서직의 두드러진 특징은 사서직의 여성에 편중된 성별 불균형 현상, 비정규직 증가, 그리고 도서관 분야 진출에 대한 높은 기대 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 정규직과 비정규직이 수행하고 있는 업무의 차이가 크지 않으나 임금이나 복지 측면에서 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 현장사서의 사서직 교육 요구사항으로 현장 전문가 멘토링, 단기인턴십, 사서실습 등을 제시하고 있었고, 취업요건으로 인턴이나 실습, 어학능력, 각종 자격증 취득, 경력관리 등을 중요시하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 유관기관의 사서자격증 보유자는 20%나 더 많은 사서자격증 보유자를 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.