• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

An accessory submandibular gland is a rare variation. As such, there is limited literature regarding the embryology, anatomy, variations, clinical imaging, and pathology of the accessory submandibular gland. In this article, we review the existing literature on the accessory submandibular gland from clinical and anatomical perspectives. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge of this variation which can be useful for oral and maxillofacial/head and neck surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists. Within this review, the embryologic origin as well as the anatomy of the accessory submandibular gland is detailed. Several imaging modalities which can be used to visualize the accessory submandibular gland are outlined as well as its variations. Lastly, this review investigates several reported clinical considerations regarding the accessory submandibular gland including sialoliths, Wharton's duct obstruction, and pleomorphic adenoma.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.62-75
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• 2001

The design and manufacture of injection molded polymeric parts with desired properties is a costly process dominated by empiricism including repeated modification of actual tooling. This paper presents and expert design evaluation system which can predict the mechanical performance of a molded product and diagnose the design before the actual mold is machined. The knowledge-based system synergistically combines a rule-based expert system with CAE programs. An iterative boundary pressure reflection method(IBPR) is developed to automate the cavity filling simulation program and to predict thermo-mechanical properties of a molded part precisely. Mathematical models of weldline and frozen-in molecular orientation are established to determine the spatial variation of microstructural anisotropies of a molded part from the result of cavity filling simulation. The strength ellipse is devised as and index which represents th spatial distribution of the microstructural anisotropies of a molded part, Heuristic knowledge of injection molding, flow simulation, and mechanical performance prediction is formalized as rules of an expert consultation system. The expert system interprets the analytical results of the process simulation, predicts the performance, evaluates the design and generates recommendations for optimal design alternative.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2017

The exit surface of a lens is designed using a three-dimensional free-form expression in order to easily modify a curved surface. This enables the design of numerical values and mathematical things using three-dimensional free-form expression, and enhances precision because it can be fine-tuned via numerical control. The standard of "Classification of Luminaire Light Distribution" for outdoor lighting fixtures by IESNA is adopted in order to examine the correlation between three-dimensional free-form surface expression and lighting performance. The variation of light distribution type and range is analyzed using the values of maximum light intensity and 50% light intensity. The actual tolerance occurs owing to parameters such as the thickness of the lens, the distance between LEDs, and the movement of the center of the incident surface; the effects of changes in these parameters on the performance are compared and analyzed.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2013

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) achieved relatively rapid economic growth over the past decade. Sustainable growth among member states, however, is put into question due to macroeconomic challenges, political risk, and vulnerability to external shocks. Developed countries, in contrast, have turned into less labor-intensive technologies to further expand their economies. In this paper, we review the science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies and statuses of the scientific and technological capabilities of the ASEAN member countries. Empirical results based on STI indicators (R&D spending, publications, patents, and knowledge economy indices) reveal considerable variation between the science and technology (S&T) competence and effectiveness of STI policies of ASEAN members. We have categorized nations into clusters according their situations in their S&T productivity. Under the Korean Innovation Model, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Brunei are classified as being in the institutional-building stage, while Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam in the catch up stage, and Singapore in the post-catch up stage. Finally, policy prescriptions on how to enhance the S&T capabilities of the developing ASEAN countries, based on the South Korea development experience, are presented.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

급변하는 자연언어를 기계가 이해할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 다양한 언어지식자원(linguistic knowledge resources)의 구축이 필수적으로 수반된다. 본 논문에서는 온라인 콘텐츠의 특성을 활용해 언어지식자원을 자동으로 구축함으로써 지속적으로 확장 가능한 방법을 고안하고자 한다. 특히 언어분석 과정에서 가장 활용도가 높은 개체명(NE: Named Entity) 사전을 자동으로 구축, 확장하는데 주안점을 둔다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 개체명 사전 구축대상문서로 위키피디아(Wikipedia)를 선정, 그 특성을 파악하기 위해 다양한 통계 분석을 수행하였다. 이에 기반하여 위키피디아 콘텐츠가 갖는 구문적 특성과 구조 정보 등의 메타데이터를 활용하여 개체명 사전을 구축, 확장하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

Pharmacogenomics research requires an intelligent integration of large-scale genomic and clinical data with public and private knowledge resources. We developed a web-based knowledge base for KPRN (Korea Pharmacogenomics Research Network, http://kprn.snubi. org/). Four major types of information is integrated; genetic variation, drug information, disease information, and literature annotation. Eighteen Korean pharmacogenomics research groups in collaboration have submitted 859 genotype data sets for 91 disease-related genes. Integrative analysis and visualization of the large collection of data supported by integrated biomedical path­ways and ontology resources are provided with a user-friendly interface and visualization engine empowered by Generic Genome Browser.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: From July 19 to August 31, 2017, 460 questionnaires were distributed to fifth and sixth graders at three elementary schools in Korea, of which 318 were ultimately analyzed. Results: All the fit indices were shown to be appropriate, indicating satisfactory fit. In the final model, six of the nine paths included in the hypothetical model were supported. Specifically, perceived behavioral control had the most influence on intention, followed by subjective norms, self-esteem, and health knowledge. Intentions were the most influential factor for health-promoting behaviors, followed by self-esteem and health knowledge. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-esteem explained 57.6% of intention to engage in health promotion behaviors and 61.7% of variation in health promotion behaviors was explained by health knowledge, self-esteem and intention. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide support for a model that can be used to facilitate the practice of health promotion activities in children in the later years of school age.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4953-4960
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• 2013

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common cancers at the global level, accounting for half of all cancers in some undeveloped countries. This disease tends to occur in livers damaged through alcohol abuse, or chronic infection with hepatitis B and C, on a background of cirrhosis. Various cancer-causing substances are associated with primary liver cancer, including certain pesticides and such chemicals as vinyl chloride and arsenic. The strong association between HBV infection and liver cancer is well documented in epidemiological studies. It is generally acknowledged that the virus is involved through long term chronic infection, frequently associated with cirrhosis, suggesting a nonspecific mechanism triggered by the immune response. Chronic inflammation of liver, continuous cell death, abnormal cell growth, would increase the occurrence rate of genetic alterations and risk of disease. However, the statistics indicated that only about one fifth of HBV carries would develop HCC in lifetime, suggesting that individual variation in genome would also influence the susceptibility of HCC. The goal of this review is to highlight present level of knowledge on the role of viral infection and genetic variation in the development of liver cancer.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.600-616
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• 2017

본 연구는 대학생 393명을 대상으로 강점인식이 진로결정수준에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 강점활용의 매개효과를 구조방정식모형을 사용하여 검증하였다. 다음으로는 검증된 매개모형이 Dykman의 목표지향성 유형(인정추구지향성, 성장추구지향성)에 따라 유의한 차이가 존재하는지 확인하기 위해 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 매개효과를 확인한 결과, 강점 인식이 진로결정수준에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 강점활용의 부분 매개효과가 검증되었다. 다음으로 최종모형에서 목표지향성 유형에 따른 차이가 존재하는지 확인한 결과, 최종모형의 경로 중 강점인식이 강점활용에 미치는 경로에서 목표지향성 유형에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 강점인식이 강점활용에 미치는 영향이 인정추구집단 보다 성장추구집단에서 통계적으로 더 유의하고 강하게 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의, 진로상담에서의 시사점, 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2013

Problem solving and/or decision making process usually encountered in human living consists of a sequence of human behaviors based upon his/her knowledge. Thus, Rasmussen introduced Skill-Rule-Knowledge paradigm to countermeasure human errors that can occur in Nuclear Power Plants. Unfortunately however, it was not so easy as expected since objective evidence have not been obtainable with conventional research techniques. With the help of EEG band pawer ratio techniques, this study tried to get psycho-physiological symptoms of human errors, if any, while human beings perform knowledge-based behaviors such as simple arithmetic computations with different difficulty level. A set of simulated works was carried out with a computer station. Four kinds of arithmetic computation tasks were given to 10 health male under-graduate students on different day individually, and during the experiment, EEG and ECG was measured continuously for objective psycho-physiological analysis. According to the results, ${\alpha}$/(${\alpha}+{\beta}$) as well as ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ band power ratio were sensitive to task difficulty level which consistently decreased both. However, any one of them failed to reveal the influence of tasks with different difficulty level in the aspect of task duration time. On the contrary, Heart Rate Variability was more suggestive than expected. To make a conclusion, it can be said that band power of EEG waves will be helpful in not only assessment of work difficulty level but also assessment of workers' skill development if supported by cardiac function such as HRV.